祈使句和逻辑

本文基于更新框架定义了一种动态的祈使句语义,并在此基础之上讨论了关于祈使句的逻辑.这个语义对于祈使句的一致性问题和Ross悖论提供了一种直接的解决方案.我们的工作在祈使句和祈使力结构之间的对应之上展开.首先,根据处理祈使句相容性的不同方式,我们给出了几种不同的祈使句一致性定义.然后,祈使句的意义被处理为祈使力机构上的依赖相容性的更新函项.最后,祈使句之间的蕴涵关系被归约为祈使力结构之间的某种关系.基于不同的相容性定义,我们给出了几种不同的蕴涵关系.     

学术论文中的祈使句

基于自然学科和人学科一定量的英语学术论,结合国外的相关研究,对祈使句在学术论中的分布,功能及作使用它们的动机等进行探讨。虽然祈使句一直被认为是威胁面子的行为之一,但学术论不仅允许它们的存在,而且它们在学术论中有着不同的功能,作还依赖祈使句完成知识的传播,与读进行交流并能起到节省篇幅的作用。     

Imperatives and challenges in integrating teaching and research

This paper explores why it is important for universities to integrate research and teaching at the present time and considers how it can be achieved. Political, institutional and disciplinary factors affect the relationship, whether the aim is to integrate teaching with research or to integrate research with teaching. So the article explores factors that facilitate and factors that discourage integration. By way of providing an example of implementation, imperatives and challenges in developing this relationship at a large research‐intensive Australian university are outlined. Finally, the paper draws some general implications from this discussion to suggest where moves by disciplinary communities to integrate research and teaching might be heading.     

Restructuring: Imperatives and Opportunities for Academic Leaders

In an era when market imperatives have reached an unprecedented level of legitimacy within academic management, the spotlight is on campus leaders to respond strategically. For research universities, particularly public research universities, there are critical institutional legacies to consider in the process of weighing alternative academic futures. Campus leaders need support to reaffirm their broader institutional mandates so that vital educational and social justice values are not jeopardized in the service of short-term economic functions.of which she is a 1987 Ph.D. graduate. She serves concurrently as the director of the Stanford Institute for Higher Education Research and as executive director and principal investigator of the National Center for Postsecondary Improvement     

商务信函中的祈使句与礼貌用语

虽然祈使句一直被认为是威胁面子的行为之一，但商务信函不仅允许它们的存在，而且它们还有着不同的功能，作者可依靠祈使句完成信息的传播、与读者的交流或节省篇幅等不同的语用目的。本文重点讨论祈使句在商务信函中的功能、语用目的及礼貌用语。     

语法转喻视域下英语静态谓语祈使构式研究

作为一种普遍存在的种行动构式,静态谓词构成的特殊祈使构式中构式义与词汇义产生冲突。本文从语法转喻理论探讨静态谓词祈使句构式的认知动因和语用功效。研究表明,静态谓词祈使构式通过构式压制抵消构式义与词汇义不相容关系,并且通过单次转喻操作模型、转喻链操作模型和隐喻或语境复杂转喻操作模型实现认知识解。静态谓词祈使句构式在言语交际中可实施简省功能、缓和功能及明示功能。     

在国际背景下远程教育的规划与管理

这篇论文分析了远程学习中发生的全球化变革,包括组织结构(远程教育和远程培训)、项目结构(从独立学习到协作学习)和全球学习社团(从象牙塔到学习形式整合),以及远程学习的发展和多样性.文章中提出了一个整体规划的案例,讨论了组织管理决策中远程学习定位的管理规则、教学中的技术应用、成本、教师工作量、远程学习的地位,以及质量评估和鉴定等问题.与狭义的策略规划不同的是,整体规划强调内在的力量,考虑可能的选择方案,基于项目的开发,灵活和整合的系统,整个组织朝着灵活和整合的方向发展,以及以组织的文化历史为基础.最后,文章讨论了本研究对远程教育的组织布局、管理和学术的思考、成本、教师利益以及国际化等主题的实践意义.     

Planning Imperatives for the Next Century: A Guest Essay

Taking into consideration what has occurred with planning in American higher education over the past three decades and in light of the demands for institutional effectiveness, our planning efforts must be reinvigorated and recast. In the belief that different strategies are needed now, ten imperatives for planning are presented and explained so as to address this need.     

弹性学习:机会、挑战与应对

弹性学习已成为世界高等教育改革的一种基本趋势。它的实施,对于学习者来说意味着更多的选择机会,并对自己的选择负责。对于教师而言,更多地意味着对学习者的选择作出回应,他们将面临更多的挑战。对于高等学校而言,它们虽然能够更好地承担服务社会的绩效责任,但其自主也更容易受到损害,内部管理也会遇到许多新问题。     

Parent involvement: Barriers and opportunities

This article explores the issues of parental involvement in the context of current movements to reform education. It asserts that parent involvement as a voluntary effort may not be effective. It further asserts that in their efforts to reform education businesses and industries are focusing too much attention on school related variables and insufficient importance on work-related variables that might act as reinforcers for parents and adults to get involved in the education of the children. Businesses and industries as well as schools are urged to establish sound and well-integrated policies for parental involvement.     

Imperatives in Teaching for Lifelong Learning: moving beyond rhetoric to effective educational practice

Changes wrought by the ongoing technological, economic and social revolutions have once again emphasised the importance of lifelong learning. Current projections are for three or four changes of occupation during a working lifetime. There appears clear evidence of the need for the acquisition of cognitive learning strategies to cope with continuous change and maintain knowledge and skill currency during an entire lifetime. The Australian government commissioned report by Candy, Crebert and O'Leary raised a number of issues at undergraduate level, but failed to address the need for teaching more broadly for genuinely lifelong learning. This paper considers a range of approaches and strategies which it will be necessary to adopt to move beyond rhetoric to effective educational practices. Central to effective teaching of cognitive learning strategies will be adoption of appropriate curricula in teacher education courses.     

Equalizing educational opportunities and its problems

The Editors are glad to be able to open the third year of theInternational Review of Education with an article by Isaac Leon Kandel. They offer him. their respectful greetings and best wishes on the occasion of his 75th birthday, celebrated in 1956, and on his entry into the fourth quartercentury of his life.They admire him as one of the grand old men of Comparative Education and hope that he will continue to bring an unbroken freshness and further stimulus to education in general and especially to his favourite subject.

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Das Problem der Schaffung Gleicher Bildungs-Möglichkeiten Für Alle

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La Démocratisation de L'enseignement et Ses Problémes