从教师教育认证委员会产生的合理性看美国教师教育认证的趋势

教师教育认证委员会是美国1997年新成立的教师教育认证机构,并于2001年和2003年分别得到了高等教育认证委员会和美国教育部的承认,对原有的国家教师教育认证委员会的独家认证权构成了挑战。文章试图通过分析新成立的教师教育认证委员会产生的背景及动因表明其存在的合理性,并从中找出目前美国教师教育认证的一些发展方向,进而对我国教师教育认证的发展完善带来启示。     

美国教师教育认证标准的发展历程及对我国的启示

本文以美国全国教师教育认证委员会(NCATE)为案例,在目标本位、课程本位、知识基础本位和绩效本位的概念框架下,对NCATE不同历史时期的认证标准的特征进行研究,将其理论基础分别归纳为目标评价理论、CIPP评价理论、效用评价理论和绩效评价理论,将NCATE不同历史时期所持有的教师教育观分别综合为技术理性主义的、科学主义的、专业化的、以及多元化的.最后讨论其对我国教师教育改革的启示和意义.     

美国教师教育专业教育设计标准及其启示

总部设于华盛顿特区的NCATE是美国最具权威的且第一个为美国教育部和美国高等教育认可委员会所认可的教师教育评价认定机构。其基本使命是对教师教育机构的品质提供专业判断,并借着认可标准和实施考察评价工作,鼓励教师教育机构不断改进自身品质。文章主要介绍其最新修订的《NCATE95标准范畴与标准》中的＂范畴Ⅰ专业教育的设计＂完整内容,以期对我国教师教育机构的品质建设与评价认定起到积极的启示借鉴作用。     

Lived experiences and reflections of joint NCATE‐state reviews

Abstract

Teacher education faculty members, state certification officers, and NCATE staff share what they have learned from their NCATE‐state joint review and accreditation visits. Dilemmas concerning the joint review are addressed and include (a) proactive versus reactive measures for institutions of higher education and state affiliations of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education, (b) issues of partnership versus separateness, and (c) process versus product frameworks in planning and documenting growth. Conceptual and practical suggestions are offered for working collaboratively to develop high quality teacher education programs and successful joint review and accreditation visits.     

A Developmental Approach to Creative Drama

Teacher education criteria of the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) has included a multicultural education component since 1979. Recent revisions of these standards (NCATE, 1992a &; b) address multicultural education perspectives even more explicitly. NCATE standards also discuss the necessity of addressing Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP). DAP is defined as an important philosophical framework and related pedagogical guideline for early childhood education that emphasizes age appropriateness and individual appropriateness when planning programs for young children (Bredekamp, 1987).     

美国《超常教育教师知识与技能标准》及其启示

2006年,美国国家教师教育认证委员会(NCATE)批准了由美国天才儿童协会(NAGC)和特殊儿童委员会(CEC)联合修订的《超常教育教师知识与技能标准》。文章分析了该《标准》制定的背景与过程,介绍了《标准》的内容特点,并阐述了《标准》对中国超常教育的重要启示。     

Reflections on the Social Foundations of Education

The essay examines the state of the American Educational Studies Association and Social Foundations of Education through the lenses of auto-ethnography and critical reflection. A discussion of the relevance of the AESA and social foundations in the context of transformative education for scholars from marginalized communities is central to the thesis. AESA is situated in the context of the transnational politics of inclusion/exclusion in the United States. The author supports a transnational hemispheric approach to social foundations for the American Educational Studies Association.     

Data-driven assessment of teacher candidates during their internships in deaf education

Deaf education teacher training programs have received criticism for graduating students with gaps in knowledge and skills required for specific placements. The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) requires that accredited programs engage in self-study, and NCATE guidelines require programs to collect valid, reliable evidence of teacher candidate performance and candidates' effect on student learning. In the present study, an ecobehavioral assessment computer program, MS-CISSAR (Mainstream Code for Instructional Structure and Student Academic Response), was used in evaluations of 8 teacher candidates during internship experiences. Results were mixed. Some of the instructional arrangements, teaching behaviors, and student responses resembled those found in studies using in-service teachers as subjects; however, some data revealed a need for changes in instruction. Data gathered with MS-CISSAR could be added to evaluations to help training programs meet NCATE requirements for evidence on teacher candidate performance and candidates' effect on student learning.     

Reflecting on Social Foundations

This essay is a review of Dan W. Butin's edited collection Teaching Social Foundations of Education: Context, Theories, and Issues. I explore how this book helps us to think about the field of social foundations: what it is we do, why, and the challenges we face. I also look at the themes that cut across all ten essays in the collection, including engaging diversity, demonstrating democracy, and reflecting on social foundations as a field.     

SIGNIFICANT ISSUES IN DEFINING AND ASSESSING TEACHER DISPOSITIONS

Teacher preparation programs are required by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) to assess the knowledge, skills, and dispositions of teacher candidates. Dispositions and the personal values that support them are defined differently by NCATE and other experts in the fields of education and business. In order to better understand dispositions the researchers examined the relationships between the personal values and dispositions of teacher candidates and successful teachers. Using the Rokeach Value Scale, results showed significant relationships between values and dispositions for teacher candidates and successful teachers.     

Suggestions for Utilizing the 2008 EPAS in CSWE-Accredited Baccalaureate and Masters Curriculums—Reflections from the Field,Part 2: The Implicit Curriculum

This article is Part 2 in a 2-part series discussing the new guidelines for Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) issued in April 2008 by the Council on Social Work Education. The 2008 EPAS shifted the focus of assessment for accreditation or reaffirmation from the evaluation of program objectives to assessment of educational outcomes and student achievement of practice competencies. Because major accreditation challenges for social work programs derive from the 2008 EPAS, this article continues the discussion of a model for sequencing accreditation tasks that began in Volume 30, Issue 2 of this journal. In this article, Part 2, the authors discuss the program's implicit curriculum and its assessment under the 2008 EPAS. The articles in this 2-part series are intended to be companion pieces.     

Web‐enhanced alternative teacher licensure

Abstract

College and university teacher education programs are increasingly required to integrate technology into teacher preparation in response to the requirements of national accreditation groups like the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) and the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE). Delivery of teacher education programs through pure distance education methodologies still has critics. A Web‐enhanced approach, with on‐campus courses and Web‐based information and/or testing as a supplement, is suggested as a compromise. An alternative teacher licensure program in career and technical education at Ohio State University uses this approach extensively, with positive results. This case study explores the use of an alternative teacher licensure program, defines the components of a Web‐based curriculum, and illustrates the benefits and challenges of a Web‐enhanced teacher education program. Student and faculty issues and reactions are outlined, along with strategies for integrating Web‐based activities into courses. Suggested future plans for continuing to infuse technology into teacher education are also discussed.     

AECT and NCATE

AECT is a committed partner with NCATE in its belief that every child in America has the right to be taught by a well-prepared, qualified teacher. AECT, always a strong proponent of accreditation and licensure, has been a strong ally and supporter of NCATE for over thirty years. In recent action, AECT’s Board of Directors reaffirmed its commitment to, partnership with, and acknowledgement of NCATE as the national organization that authorizes the professional accreditation programs that produce America’s teachers and other education specialists. We call upon all such programs to seek national accreditation     

Suggestions for Utilizing the 2008 EPAS in CSWE-Accredited Baccalaureate and Masters Curriculums—Reflections from the Field,Part 1: The Explicit Curriculum

In April 2008, the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) issued new guidelines for Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS). The 2008 EPAS shift the focus of assessment from the evaluation of program objectives to assessment of educational outcomes and student achievement of practice competencies. Major accreditation challenges for social work programs derive from the 2008 EPAS involving sequencing the assessment tasks, and developing accurate and useful instruments. This article is Part 1 of a 2-part series presenting a model for sequencing curriculum accreditation and reaffirmation tasks. In this Part 1, the explicit curriculum is explored including multiple measures to assess the extent to which students are achieving practice behaviors (as indicators of core social work competencies). Part 2 of this discussion, focused on the implicit curriculum, will appear in the next issue of the Journal of Teaching in Social Work (Vol. 30, Issue 3).     

An Inquiry of NCATE's Move Into Virtue Ethics by Way of Dispositions (Is This What Aristotle Meant?)

The recent turn in teacher education reform in the United States toward hyper "professionalization" and assessment-based accreditation, spearheaded by the largest accrediting agency, the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), has moved beyond codifying knowledge and skills to codifying the internal existence of those who desire to become teachers. The reform movement has entered into the territory of the virtue ethic with its emphasis on the notion of "dispositions." Whereas before college of education faculty were accountable for proving each preservice teacher had mastered certain "knowledge and skills," they now must also find ways to measure and assess whether the teacher candidate is the "right sort" of person, to borrow a phrase from ethical philosopher Edmund Pincoffs (1986). In this article I explore how "professionalism" retains some residue of the Aristotelian philosophical labor on dispositions but resituates and rewrites it into a different economy of thought, one built by tools of quantification, enumeration, and accountability rather than the practical wisdom of which Aristotle spoke.     

CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF CANDIDATES' DIVERSITY COMPETENCE: RIGOROUS AND SYSTEMATIC ASSESSMENT OF CANDIDATES' EFFICACY TO TEACH DIVERSE STUDENT POPULATIONS

The National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES, 2010) continues to report substantial underachievement of diverse student populations in the nation's schools. After decades of focus on diversity and multicultural education, with integrating field and clinical practice, candidates continue to graduate without adequate knowledge, skills and dispositions to teach diverse students. The National Council of Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) requires teacher education programs to engage in assessment practices that examine candidates' competence to teach diverse students and to inform the unit. In this article the authors discuss the need to triangulate the results of performance-based assessment and to systematically examine the growth of candidates' competence to teach every student. They propose a rigorous and systematic unit (i.e., teacher education program unit) assessment practice, using reliable and valid instruments to measure candidates' efficacy to teach diverse students, which will provide effective data for teacher education programs to become proactive to improve programs.     

A Sociologist Teaches History: Some Epistemological and Pedagogical Reflections

This article discusses the concept of historical sociology in relation to the teaching of a module on an undergraduate degree in Education Studies at a university in the United Kingdom. The module examines the history of education policy in England from 1870 until the present day. Drawing upon comparisons with Social Foundations of Education programs in the United States, I examine some key epistemological and pedagogical issues raised by the interdisciplinary approach to teaching and learning followed within the module in which we combine historical and sociological perspectives as a means to understand the evolution of the English education system. In particular, using Bernstein's concept of the pedagogic device as an analytical framework, I consider the epistemological congruence of sociology and history as the contributory disciplines of the undergraduate module. From a discussion of the concept of historical sociology, I conclude that although sociology and history are distinct subjects, they share a large amount of analytical ground that thus facilitates the interdisciplinary approach pursued within the module. Following that, I examine some pedagogical issues that have arisen in my experience of teaching upon the module and I discuss how I have addressed these. I conclude the article by making comparisons to relevant examples from pedagogical practices in Social Foundations of Education programs in the United States.     

Identifying administrators’ and faculty’s perspectives regarding CAEP accreditation in a College of Education: A Q methodology research

In higher education, accreditation involves an external quality review process that scrutinizes universities, colleges, and educational programs to ensure that the education provided meets acceptable quality levels. Often considered the gold standard for institutions, the accreditation process originated in the US and quickly moved beyond American borders. Specifically, the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) has moved to provide ‘legitimacy’ to universities in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. Using Q methodology, this study examines faculty and administrators' perceptions regarding CAEP accreditation of a College of Education (CED) in the GCC. The results identify an apparent discrepancy among participants’ perceptions regarding the CAEP accreditation’s advantages and disadvantages, procedures and requirements, and impact on faculty and administrators’ workload and agency.     

Structure and Placement of Academic Social Work Units in the United States

For this study of social work degree programs, data were drawn from the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) website, the Group for the Advancement of Doctoral Education (GASE) website, and the websites of 841 U.S. social work programs, including the 763 programs accredited (or in candidacy for accreditation) by CSWE when these data were collected. This article provides a context from relevant literature, enumerates the structures of social work units, identifies the most common departments and schools where they are found, and analyzes several factors associated with structure and placement of those units. Implications include the benefits of independent social work units rather than placement within a host department, and association with professional rather than liberal arts disciplines.     

Signature Pedagogies for Social Foundations: Negotiating Social Foundations Teaching Practices in the Field of Education

The conflicts arising between the pedagogical preferences of the fields of instructional design and technology (IDT) and social foundations of education are substantial. This conflict is primarily one of pedagogical values separating the Social Foundations with its emphasis on critical and creative thinking and the presumption of value and theory neutrality inherent in IDT. This is a serious issue because, increasingly, educators use IDT models to translate Social Foundations courses with social justice and equity outcomes into online formats. Much is lost. This article offers a discussion of the theoretical grounding of IDT (task-analysis) versus social foundations in regards to implications for the instructional social organization of online social foundations classrooms. This article uses the notion of signature pedagogy to describe sociocultural literacies as a basic tenet in social foundations of education. By doing so, it is demonstrated how these important theoretical positions are currently playing out in online instruction and space, to extend their relevance by introducing newer concepts such as Digital Cartesianism and copresence, and to provide a concrete example of what these concerns look like in the current push towards digital formats. In the current context of the use of electronic, social, communication, and mobile technologies in education, we find a new site to continue challenging the assumed neutrality of the technological model for education.