Volatile constituents in the flowers of Elsholtzia argyi and their variation： a possible utilization of plant resources after phytoremediation

Phytoremediation effectiveness and remediation costs are driving factors of this project. Full utilization of plant resources after their being used for phytoremediation is an unsolved problem. GC/MS technique was used to investigate the volatiles of the flowers from Elsholtzia argyi (PFE 1 : Purple Flower Elsholtzia) and their variation (WFE: White Flower Elsholtzia),naturally growing in Pb/Zn mined area, and Elsholtzia argyi (PFE2: Purple Flower Elsholtzia), naturally growing in Jiuxi uncontaminated agriculture soil. Seventeen compounds constituting 86.88% of total essential oils were identified in PFE1, with 2,6-octadienoic acid,3,7-dimethyl-methyl ester being the main constituent (63.30%). Sixteen compounds accounting for 95.32% of total essential oils were identified in WFE, with caryophyllene being the main component (55.02%). Compared to PFE1, PFE2 contained lower level of 2,6-octadienoic acid,3,7-dimethyl-methyl ester (31.76%), which was the main constituent in the total essential oils of PFE2. Caryophyllene is the main ingredient of flavor. Elsholtzia ketone was identified in all the three Elsholtzia plants. It can be concluded that the selected Elsholtzia argyi plants can be exploited on their versatile uses as fragrances and antiseptics due to the perfume ingredient and antibacterial components existing in their essential oils.     

Changes of root morphology and Pb uptake by two species of Elsholtzia under Pb toxicity

Elsholtzia argyi and Elsholtzia splendens, which are Chinese endemic Pb/Zn mined and Cu mined ecotype respectively, were investigated on the aspect of their response to Pb toxicity in the presence or absence of EDTA addition. After 8 d's Pb treatment, root length, root surface area and root volume of E. splendens decreased much more than those ofE. argyi, and reduced considerably with increase of Pb, while no marked change was noted for root average diameter. Compared to E. argyi, length of root with diameter (D)＜0.2 mm was significantly reduced for E. splendens as Pb increased. D＜0.1 mm E. splendens root had cross-sectional surface area at Pb≥10 mg/L, while for E. argyi, it was at Pb＞25 mg/L. With increase ofPb, DW ofE. splendens decreased much more than that of E. argyi. E. argyi exhibited much more tolerance to Pb toxicity than E. splendens. Treatment with 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA significantly decreased the length and surface area of D≤0.2 mm root, increased the length and surface area of 0.2≤D≤0.8 mm root for the case ofE. argyi, while for E. splendens, length and surface area of D＜0.6 mm root reduced, as compared to 100 mg/L Pb treatment, alone. At 100 mg/L Pb, shoot Pb accumulation in E. splendens and E. argyi were 27.9 and 89.0 μg/plant DW respectively, and much more Pb was uptaken by the root and translocated to the stem ofE. argyi as compared to E. splendens. Treatment of the plant with 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA increased leaf Pb accumulation from 16.8 to 84.9 g/plant for E. splendens and from 18.8 to 52.5 g/plant for E. argyi, while both root and stem Pb pronouncedly reduced for both Elsholtzia species. The increased translocation of Pb to the leaf ofE. splendens being than that ofE. argyi after treatment with 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA should be further investigated.     

紫花地丁挥发油化学成分分析及其抑菌作用研究

采用CO2超临界萃取法（SFE-CO2）提取紫花地丁的挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对紫花地丁的挥发油化学成分进行分离鉴定,共分离出了23种化学成分,主要为十四烷（17.628%）,肉豆蔻酸（12.654%）,植物醇（11.909%）,甲酯-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸（10.954%）,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（6.440%）,1,19-二十烷二烯（6.439%）等.首次定量地测定了紫花地丁挥发油的抑菌活性,结果表明挥发油对供试菌种沙门氏菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,福氏痢疾杆菌均有明显的抑制作用,对大肠杆菌无抑制作用.     

两种方法提取白茶中挥发性化学成分研究

报道了用固相微萃取法（ SPME）和水蒸汽蒸馏萃取法（ DE）提取白茶中挥发性物质,并用气相色谱-质谱联用方法对其挥发性化学成分进行分析．固相微萃取法分离并确定出35种化学成分,其中主要化学成分为苯甲醛（5．91％）﹑苯乙醇（5．46％）和芳樟醇（9．02％）．水蒸汽蒸馏萃取法分离并确定出39种化学成分,其中主要化学成分为苯甲醇（5．56％）﹑苯乙醇（8．22％）和芳樟醇（5．69％）．     

茵陈挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从茵陈中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法测定并分析其化学成分,用归一化法测定其相对含量,结果鉴测出茵陈挥发油含有42个成分,占挥发油总成份的83.2%。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱（SPME-GC／MS）法分析樟树叶的挥发性物质

利用顶空固相微萃取技术（SPME）吸附樟树叶的挥发性物质,采用GC／MS技术分析鉴定,用峰面积归一化法进行定量。从樟树叶中鉴定出38种化学物质,占挥发性物质总量的98．53％。樟树叶的主要挥发性物质有石竹烯,（Z,Z,Z）-1,5,9,9-四甲基-1,4,7环-十一碳三烯,己酸叶醇酯,S-（Z）-3,7,11-三甲基-1,6,10-十二烷三烯-3-醇,3,7-二氢-3-甲基1H-嘌呤-2,6-二酮等。     

漏芦挥发油成分分析

通过对漏芦挥发油中化学成分分析比较研究,为漏芦的开发利用提供依据.采用同时蒸馏-萃取法提取漏芦中的挥发油,并以气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对挥发油中的化合物进行分析鉴定.共鉴定出30个化合物,占其化学成分总含量的80.57%.漏芦挥发油中主要化学成分为萜类化合物.     

水蒸汽蒸馏法提取没药挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从没药中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其化学成分进行了分析.从中分离并鉴定出41种化学成分,用峰面积归一化法通过数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的百分含量,占挥发油总成分的67.95%.     

Caffeic acid product from the highly copper-tolerant plant Elsholtzia splendens post-phytoremediation: its extraction, purification, and identification

In the current study, caffeic acid was an important metabolite in the highly copper-tolerant plant Elsholtzia splendens. Preparation and purification of caffeic acid were performed on the dried biomass of the plants by means of sonication/ethanol extraction, followed by purification using a macroporous resin (D101 type) column and silica gel chromatography. The faint-yellow caffeic acid product was yielded with a purity of 98.46%, and it was chemically identified from spectra of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR)/carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Caffeic acid is a possible product from the post-harvest processing of Elsholtzia splendens biomass.     

大叶石龙尾叶精油化学成分及其体外抗氧化活性

采用GC-MS-DS联用技术分析福建产大叶石龙尾叶精油的化学成分,同时运用1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼DPPH.自由基体系、羟基自由基体系及抗脂质体过氧化体系体外评价该精油的抗氧化活性.结果：从49个峰中检识出该精油的45种化学成分,含量占精油总量的99.65%,主要为萜类化合物（72.20%）与芳香族化合物（22.99%）,具有胡椒酚甲醚（17.75%）、[1S-（1α,7α,8aβ）]-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-（1-甲基乙烯基）-甘菊环（13.24%）、石竹烯（11.29%）、Z,Z,Z-1,5,9,9-四甲基-1,4,7-环十一碳三烯（10.92%）、桉油素（6.78%）等主要成分;抗氧化活性检测出该精油具有较强的清除DPPH.自由基、羟基自由基能力,此两种自由基50%清除率所需的样液质量浓度IC50分别为29.980、.69 mg/mL,在50 mg/mL浓度时对卵磷脂脂质体过氧化的抑制率也达50%以上.     

白茶挥发性成分的固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析

报道了用固相微萃取法提取白茶中挥发性化学成分,用气相色谱-质谱法从白茶挥发油中分离并确定出36种化学成分,其中主要成分为苯甲醛（5.91%）、苯乙醇（5.46%）、芳樟醇（9.02%）.     

Acaricidal activities of some essential oils and their monoterpenoidal constituents against house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus （Acari： Pyroglyphidae）

INTRODUCTION Among several species of the family Pyro- glyphidae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, have been found to be the predominant mites of household dust accounting for about 80%~90% of the total mite populations and are important sources of allergens worldwide inside homes in humid geo- graphic areas (Hallas, 1991; Arlian et al., 1992). Both house dust mites are found in homes in various areas of Egypt (Rezk, 2004; Rezk et al., 1996). They are a major cause of res…     

三种方法提取八角茴香精油及其抗菌活性研究

八角茴香精油及其单体成分具有多种生物活性,广泛应用于食品防腐领域.本文采用三种方法提取八角茴香精油,比较得出最优提取方法,并以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌等作为供试菌种,对精油的抗菌效果、精油抗菌的稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香精油的最佳条件为:原料粉碎程度40目,料液比为1∶10,蒸馏2h,得率为9.194%;采用超临界CO2萃取法提取八角茴香精油的最佳条件为:压力为2000PSI、温度为30℃、萃取2.5h,得率为4.5%.乙醇回流法提取八角茴香精油最佳工艺条件为:料液比为1:10(g/mL),回流次数为3,回流时间为3h,得率最高可达34.52%;乙醇浸提法提取八角茴香精油最佳条件为:料液比1∶20(g/mL),浸提时间3h,粉碎程度60目,最高得率为20.38%.精油对大肠杆菌的抑制效果最好,其次是酵母.     

气相色谱法测定花生油掺伪的方法研究

用气相色谱法测定了花生油和一些常见植物油的脂肪酸组成及其含量,使用添加法在花生油中掺入不同种类、不同浓度的植物油,并进行了相关分析.发现油中脂肪酸组成及其特征组分的变化成线性规律,由此做出工作曲线,可快速定性、定量掺伪油,且掺伪量的最低检出限可达到5%.     

黄瑞香干燥叶片挥发油的GC-MS分析及抑菌活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对黄瑞香干燥叶片挥发油进行提取,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对黄瑞香干燥叶片挥发油进行成分分析和鉴定,经毛细管色谱分离出68个峰,并确认了这68种化合物,所鉴定化合物的含量占全油的99.51%.用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各组分的相对百分含量.其化学成分主要为:3-己烯-1-醇、顺式-α,α,5-三甲基-5-四氢呋喃-2甲醇、天然壬醛、十六烷、二噻吩乙酸,3-三癸酯、柏木脑、2-乙氧基丁烷、β-紫罗酮、1-乙氧基丙烷、苯乙醛、6,10-二甲基-5,9-十一双烯-2-酮、十五烷、(2R,3R)-(-)2,3-丁二醇、杜松烯、六氢合金欢丙酮、(E)-呋喃基芳樟醇氧化物,以上十六种化合物占其挥发油总量的66.78%.利用滤纸片扩散法研究山胡椒挥发油对7种常见食源性污染菌的抑菌作用,并探讨加热处理对水蒸汽蒸馏法所得挥发油抑菌活性的影响.实验表明,所得挥发油对6种污染菌都有抑制作用,而且加热处理对水蒸汽蒸馏法所得黄瑞香干燥叶片挥发油的抑菌效果无明显影响.     

Cytotoxicity and effect of extraction methods on the chemical composition of essential oils of Moringa oleifera seeds

Renewed interest in natural materials as food flavors and preservatives has led to the search for suitable essential oils. Moringa oleifera seed essential oil was extracted by solvent-free microwave and hydrodistillation. This study assessed its chemical constituents. Cytotoxicity of the oils was investigated using hatchability and lethality tests on brine shrimps. A total of 16 and 26 compounds were isolated from the hydrodistillation extraction (HDE) and solvent-free microwave extraction (SME) oils, respectively, which accounted for 97.515% and 97.816% of total identifiable constituents, respectively. At 24 h when the most eggs had hatched, values of the SME (56.7%) and HDE (60.0%) oils were significantly different (P<0.05) from those of sea water (63.3%) and chloramphenicol (15.0%). Larva lethality was different significantly (P<0.05) between HDE and SME oils at different concentrations and incubation periods. The median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of the oils was >1000 mg/ml recommended as an index for non-toxicity, which gives the oil advantage over some antioxidant, antimicrobial, therapeutic, and preservative chemicals.     

Access in Community College Policy: An Examination of the Social and Political Space Afforded Disabled Students in California Community College Policies

ABSTRACT

Access to education has long been seen as a fundamental element of a developed country. Specifically, the relative availability and access to education by various constituent groups has been identified as an essential metric in educational evaluation. Yet, individuals with disabilities have been identified as being underrepresented within institutions of higher education, including the United States (U.S.) community college. Furthermore, scholars have also argued that discussion of disability remains on the margins of scholarship within academia. Therefore, this investigation employed qualitative methods by conducting a Critical Discourse Analysis of California Title 5 policies specific to disabled students. This was done in order to examine the sociopolitical space afforded to disabled students to navigate the institutional environment of the community college. Titchkosky’s (2011) 4 W Access framework provided the analytical frameworks for this investigation. Findings indicate that ideological constructs, inflexible funding models, and lack of integration shape access and opportunity negatively for disabled students in California community colleges.     

短毛独活精油提取及抑菌作用研究

用石油醚提取获得短毛独活精油,采用生长速率法测试短毛独活精油的杀菌活性。结果表明:短毛独活精油对12种供试真菌均具有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中对小麦纹枯病菌的抑制率最强,达到100%;其次是油菜菌核病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌,达到80%以上;而对玉米大斑病菌、稻瘟病菌的抑制率相对较低。     

论安徽花鼓灯的艺术构成及其审美文化特征

花鼓灯作为一种融歌、舞、戏于一体的地方传统民间艺术,是淮河地域文化的杰出代表之一。在其发展的漫长过程中,深受淮河流域人们的文化传统、审美习惯的影响,呈现出斑斓浓烈的地方文化色彩和强大的艺术魅力。安徽花鼓灯艺术奔放的人物角色、铿锵的锣鼓鼓点、劲道的舞蹈动作、婉转的灯歌小戏、灵动的布巾绢扇,形成了独特而鲜明的艺术风格,以"秀美、壮美、华美、优美、精美"五美并举的形式揭示安徽花鼓灯艺术的审美特征。