Transparency and social responsibility issues for Wikipedia

Wikipedia is known as a free online encyclopedia. Wikipedia uses largely transparent writing and editing processes, which aim at providing the user with quality information through a democratic collaborative system. However, one aspect of these processes is not transparent—the identity of contributors, editors, and administrators. We argue that this particular lack of transparency jeopardizes the validity of the information being produced by Wikipedia. We analyze the social and ethical consequences of this lack of transparency in Wikipedia for all users, but especially students; we assess the corporate social performance issues involved, and we propose courses of action to compensate for the potential problems. We show that Wikipedia has the appearance, but not the reality, of responsible, transparent information production. This paper’s authors are the same as those who authored Wood, D. J. and Queiroz, A. 2008. Information versus. knowledge: Transparency and social responsibility issues for Wikipedia. In Antonino Vaccaro, Hugo Horta, and Peter Madsen (Eds.), Transparency, Information, and Communication Technology (pp. 261–283). Charlottesville, VA: Philosophy Documentation Center. Adele has changed her surname from Queiroz to Santana     

Corporate dynamic transparency: the new ICT-driven ethics?

The term “corporate transparency” is frequently used in scholarly discussions of business ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR); however, it remains a volatile and imprecise term, often defined incompletely as “information disclosure” accomplished through standardized reporting. Based on the results of empirical studies of organizational behaviors, this paper identifies a new set of managerial practices based on the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and particularly Internet-based tools. These practices are resulting in what can be termed “dynamic transparency.” ICT allows for an informational environment characterized by two-way exchange between corporations and their stakeholders, which fosters a more collaborative marketplace. It is proposed that such dynamic information sharing, conducted by means of ICT, drives organizations to display greater openness and accountability, and more transparent operations, which benefit both the corporations and their constituents. One of the most important outcomes that will accrue to consumers and other individuals is the “right to know,” especially about corporate strategies and activities that might directly affect their quality of life. This paper demonstrates that dynamic transparency is more desirable and more effective than the more common “static transparency” where firms’ information disclosure is one-way, usually in response to government regulation. We present three ethical arguments to justify the implementation by business firms of dynamic transparency and demonstrate that their doing so is related to CSR and to augment and complement stakeholder engagement and dialogue. The paper concludes with a summary of the possible limits to and the problems involved in the implementation of dynamic transparency for corporations, and suggests some strategies to counter them.     

公司社会责任与价值创造：基于社会调查的数据分析

本文基于社会调查的数据将公司社会责任界定为客户利益、员工保健、社区发展、环境保护、内部治理、产品质量和员工发展七个方面,这些公司社会责任的履行将受到公司所有制性质、企业寿命、企业规模、企业所处的行业等因素的影响.公司社会责任作为一个综合性指标,它对企业的财务绩效和社会效应都具有显著的作用,尤其是对社会效应的贡献更加明显.公司社会责任的不同因子对企业价值创造的贡献程度存在较大的差异性,贡献最大的主要是环境保护、客户利益、员工保健、内部治理、员工发展,并且这些社会责任因子的作用主要的是体现在企业的非财务价值方面.而不是财务价值的创造.     

科学家的社会责任——以“曼哈顿计划”为例

本文用科学社会学和科学社会史的方法 ,回顾了“二次大战”盟国实施“曼哈顿计划”的经过 ,藉此探讨科学家的社会责任     

论科学家的科学责任与社会责任

文章从伦理学、社会学和法学等多学科理论视角出发 ,深入分析了科学家承担科学责任与社会责任的理论依据 ;在阐述其责任范围的同时 ,明确地提出了“履责”、“补责”和“受罚”是其应承担的主要责任形式     

Liberating data for public value: The case of Data.gov

Public agencies around the globe are liberating their data. Drawing on a case of Data.gov, we outline the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for the liberation of public data. Data.gov is an online portal that provides open access to datasets generated by US public agencies and countries around the world in a machine-readable format. By discussing the challenges and opportunities faced by Data.gov, we provide several lessons that can inform research and practice. We suggest that providing access to open data in itself does not spur innovation. Specifically, we claim that public agencies need to spend resources to improve the capacities of their organizations to move toward ‘open data by default’; develop capacities of community to use data to solve problems; and think critically about the unintended consequences of providing access to public data. We also suggest that public agencies need better metrics to evaluate the success of open-data efforts in achieving its goals.     

论企业责任连续统一体系的协同与构建

鉴于现代企业面临着日益扩展的各方需求与股东责任,提出整合各种相互关联的报告事项,构建企业报告责任的概念参考框架,形成包括企业财务报告、公司治理以及潜在的企业社会责任与股东价值创造的概念连续统一体。基于这种一体化的观点,着重梳理了国外企业社会责任和股东价值创造标准的颁布情况与强制报告要求。同时探讨了该概念体系里从协同到执行的过程中企业的各类报告事项之间的内在联系。     

中国企业社会责任信息披露的现状分析与对策思考

通过对中国100强公司的独立报告、上市公司年报、网站年报、网站栏目的调查与分析,揭示了中国企业披露社会责任信息的现状,并进行了分析与讨论,提出了若干对策。     

企业社会责任与利益相关者理论:基于整合视角的研究

企业社会责任和利益相关者理论原本是相互独立的两个研究领域,上世纪90年代以来,这两大理论出现了相互结合的趋势。提出了企业社会责任与利益相关者理论本质的同一性,界定了两大理论的研究框架,并从整合的视角深入研究了企业社会责任、利益相关者理论与公司治理关系的实质及形成的效果,得出了相应的结论与启示。     

消费者预期的企业社会责任的内涵研究

本研究的目的在于探索消费者心中的企业社会责任的内涵.在文献研究和小组讨论的基础上,通过筛选条目、形成初步问卷、预测和正式测验等程序,经探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,发现消费者心目中的企业社会责任是一个多维结构,消费者期望企业承担社会公益责任、员工责任、法律责任、消费者责任和经济责任.其中,消费者最看重企业消费责任,相对不看重企业的社会公益责任和经济责任.本文的研究为企业管理者开展社会责任运动指明了具体方向.     

Beyond the skin bag: on the moral responsibility of extended agencies

The growing prominence of computers in contemporary life, often seemingly with minds of their own, invites rethinking the question of moral responsibility. If the moral responsibility for an act lies with the subject that carried it out, it follows that different concepts of the subject generate different views of moral responsibility. Some recent theorists have argued that actions are produced by composite, fluid subjects understood as extended agencies (cyborgs, actor networks). This view of the subject contrasts with methodological individualism: the idea that actions are produced only by human individuals. This essay compares two views of responsibility: moral individualism (the ethical twin of methodological individualism), and joint responsibility (associated with extended agency theory). It develops a view of what joint responsibility might look like, and considers the advantages it might bring relative to moral individualism as well as the objections that are sure to be raised against it.     

人伦之道与基督之道--儒家伦理与基督教伦理比较研究的一个视角

对人的不同理解和对人性的不同看法是儒家伦理与基督教伦理呈现各种差异的前提,仁与爱分别是两者最核心的概念,仁植根于人性与人伦,爱源于上帝与神性;仁有差等,爱无差等;仁的实现依赖人自身的努力,爱的实现要靠上帝的恩宠。     

中国情境下企业社会责任量表的修正与信效度检验

基于利益相关者理论,对一组用于测评企业社会责任(CSR)的量表进行了修正并实证检验了其在中国情境下的信效度。通过因子分析,发现我国情境下企业社会责任量表是由员工责任、产品责任、诚信公正责任、慈善公益责任以及环境责任5个维度构成。通过检测,发现该量表具有良好的信效度,基于该量表所测评的企业社会责任对员工组织认同感有显著影响。     

创业企业的社会责任与创业绩效——基于现代服务业的数据

创业企业是中国经济持续发展的重要力量,也是和谐社会构建的重要组成部分,因此,创业企业除了关注自身发展,还应承担更多的社会责任。以现代服务业的创业企业为研究对象,通过大规模的问卷调查获取了创业企业社会责任实践的一手数据。通过对问卷数据进行统计分析,发现创业企业承担社会责任有利于其创业网络的构建和优化,并最终促进其创业绩效的提高。     

组织新颖性、创业导向与公司伦理管理——一个调节效应模型及启示

企业始创初期的伦理和社会责任问题是研究者和实践者关注的重要议题。从组织新颖性和创业导向两个角度探讨了不确定环境下企业伦理管理的影响机制。研究结果表明:高先动性和创新性非但不是导致"创业原罪"的原因,反而可能促进企业将这种先动性和创新性转化为可持续竞争优势。面临动荡的不确定环境时,企业会相应调整伦理管理投入水平;相比之下,内隐式伦理管理更容易受到外部环境的影响,而外显式伦理管理则较为稳定。     

浅析企业社会责任与企业竞争力的关系

随着世界经济一体化进程的加速,企业社会责任也随之发展成为全球关注的热点。西方发达国家以企业社会责任为武器,开始了新一轮的对以中国为代表的发展中国家的贸易壁垒,这在短期内对发展中国家的对外贸易带来了相当大的负面影响,一定程度上削弱了发展中国家的企业竞争力。然而又必须意识到,企业社会责任在发展中国家的引进和履行,必然使本国企业在长期的发展中更加重视诸如劳工、环境等问题,促进发展中国家企业与世界接轨,增强企业的国际竞争力。     

企业履行社会责任与品牌价值的相关性分析——基于上市公司著名品牌的实证研究

为了科学地揭示企业履行社会责任对企业品牌价值提升的影响机理,运用131家上市公司著名品牌2010—2012年的面板数据,实证研究企业履行社会责任对企业品牌价值的影响。研究指出,企业履行社会责任不仅可以通过影响利益相关者而直接提升企业的品牌价值,同时还可以借助边际报酬递增的作用削弱营销传播活动支出降低对品牌价值的不利影响。研究结果对企业积极履行社会责任以及实施品牌战略等均具有重要的理论意义与现实意义。     

澳门博彩企业现状及社会责任研究

博彩业是一个特殊的产业,在带动澳门经济发展的同时,也对澳门的政治、文化及其他各个方面都造成了广泛的影响。然而,澳门博彩业在超高速发展过程中也暴露出一些不容回避的问题和隐忧。在追求产业多元化的同时．博彩企业应该承担相应的社会责任。把博彩业自身的事情办好,保持博彩业与社会其他方面协调发展．仍将是今后相当长的一个时期内澳门博彩业的首要任务。     

社会医疗保险中的道德风险及其对策分析

针对我国社会医疗保险各相关当事人的道德风险问题,导致的医疗费用快速不合理增长并阻碍着社会医疗保险的发展,详细分析和论证了社会医疗保险中道德风险问题的表现形式、形成原因,并提出了防范社会医疗保险中道德风险问题产生的对策。     

高管团队与企业社会责任:高阶理论的视角

整合了相关的文献,从高阶理论的视角提出了一个高管团队特征与企业社会责任关系的分析框架.认为高层管理者的背景特征能在一定程度上预测企业的社会责任行为,并对主要自变量与企业社会责任之间可能存在的关系进行了考察.