开发井网与裂缝系统适应性对特低渗油藏注水开发的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田沿25井区长6油藏开发为例

鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田沿25井区长6油藏主要受岩性控制,油藏原始地层压力低;储集层低孔隙度、低渗透率、油层薄、非均质性强,属典型的低孔特低渗低压非均质岩性油藏.从2005年开始在沿25井周围进行小井距五点法超前注水现场试验,效果较好.之后在沿25井西南大约2.5 km2的区域继续使用五点井网进行试验,油井投产初期含水率极高,产油量较低.针对这一情况进行了分析和研究,制定了开发对策,取得了良好的成果.     

品字型抗滑桩工作性能的影响因素及优化设计

通过数值分析软件FLAC3D对坡体布置桩顶有、无连梁品字型抗滑桩进行数值模拟,研究桩排距、桩群中心距对桩顶位移的影响并对有连梁时的桩排距和桩群中心距进行优化设计。研究结果表明:有连梁时的桩顶位移明显比无连梁时的位移小很多。排距小于6m时,随着桩排距的不断增大,抗滑桩桩顶位移不断减小;排距大于6m时,桩顶位移趋于平缓。合理桩排距宜为6~7m。随着桩群中心距的增大,桩顶位移呈现先增大后平稳再增大最后平稳的规律,桩群中心距宜为9m。     

压裂防砂技术提高稠油热采井注汽效果实例分析

针对 G43-7井储层胶结疏松、注汽注不进、原油黏度高、易出砂等问题,利用 Meyer 三维压裂防砂软件对 G43-7井裂缝形态及施工参数进行优化,现场施工过程中通过小型压裂方法对泵注程序进行实时调整。压裂防砂施工后累积注汽量799 m3,初期日产液18.6 m3,日产油5.1 t,累积产油781.7 t,取得了较好的应用效果。该井的成功实施为改善稠油热采井注汽效果提供了一种可借鉴的方法。     

油藏高含水期注采优化调整及挖潜

该油藏构造复杂,断块小、舍油层位多。针对在注水开发存在注采井距小、压降快、注水见水快、水驱采收率低、注采井网调整余地小的状况,制定了先注后采、以吸水指示曲线分层测试资料为指导的周期注水、逐层注水等注水开发政策,有效控制含水上升速度,延长稳产期,提高水驱油效率。     

纵叠平错井网实现潜山油藏高效开发

针对兴隆台潜山年代古老、山体巨厚、岩性复杂、裂缝层控、非均质严重的特殊油藏,打破传统的一套层系、一套井网的开发模式,设计直井控制垂向、水平井及复杂结构井控制平面的井网,形成了"四段七层、纵叠平错、平直组合"的立体开发井网,建立平面径向驱、垂向重力驱等驱动方式,实现特殊油藏的立体高效开发。     

志丹长6油藏剩余油评价

通过储层岩石学特征研究、储层展布特征研究、夹层分布特征、圈闭及油藏特征、开采特征进行志丹长6油藏开发效果评价,解决目前产量下降快、自然递减大、储量动用程度低等问题.在注水区存在着开发井网距不合理,注采系统不完善,高含水关停井逐年增加等问题.     

东部过渡带一条带层系互补的实践与认识

萨北开发区东部过渡带经过42年的开发已进入特高含水后期。由于原油物性明显差于纯油区,且河道砂呈窄条带发育,平面砂体发育零散,层间差异大,水驱开发存在井网控制程度低、采油速度低、含水上升速度快等问题。东部过渡带一条带共分基础和加密两套水驱层系开发,基础井网主要射开萨Ⅱ组和萨Ⅲ组的主力厚油层,加密井网主要射开萨Ⅰ组及表内薄差层、表外储层,由于加密井网钻遇油层少,剩余油性质差、平面上分布     

整装多层油藏井网调整技术研究

孤东油田七区中馆4-6单元为整装多层油藏,纵向叠合性较差,层间差异明显,处于特高含水期后期,流线长期固定,井网未控制及弱驱区域剩余油较为富集,制约了油藏采收率进一步提高。因此,有必要开展井网调整技术研究,以指导孤东油田等整装多层油藏剩余油挖潜。通过建立数值模拟模型,根据数值模拟结果和取心井及监测资料,研究区平面、层间、层内剩余油分布状况。并在目前生产条件下,设计2套井网调整变流线方案,利用数值模拟方法对其进行指标预测,从而优选井网调整方案,预计方案实施后提高采收率1.0个百分点。     

裂缝型底水油藏试井解释实例探讨

在油气井生产过程中,对试井数据进行解释,不但可以获取油藏地层压力及生产井产能资料;而且通过进一步试井分析还可以了解井筒附近地层是否存在污染、地层能量补给情况、含水率上升情况及井间干扰等更深层的地层信息。介绍了试井解释过程中的常用参数推导、裂缝及双孔介质存在时的经典双对数曲线形态,重点对实际生产井采用裂缝加双孔介质模型进行了试井解释,结果显示双对数曲线拟合良好,因此认为试井解释合理,解释结果可信度高。     

基于锚固应力叠加控制原理的多层支护数值模拟实验研究

随着开采深度增加,回采巷道锚杆支护的难度越来越大,该文基于薛湖煤矿29020机巷围岩赋存地质条件,实验室测试了巷道围岩物理力学参数,现场实测了巷道围岩松动圈,提出了锚固应力叠加控制原理。在此基础上进行了锚杆支护参数的理论计算,并采用数值模拟优化了锚网索支护参数,在薛湖煤矿29020机巷进行了现场应用,取得了较好的技术经济效益。研究结果表明：29020机巷顶板存在80～100cm的松动圈;采用“锚杆+短锚索+长锚索”多层支护形式可更好地保证围岩稳定性,并计算得到锚杆合理长度为2.4 m,间排距为0.7 m×0.8 m,长锚索8.3 m,短锚索5.5 m,间排距为1.4 m×3.2 m;巷道顶板、两帮位移量10～20 mm,锚杆、短锚索、长锚索端锚力分别为50～100 kN、100～150 kN、100～200 kN,29020机巷围岩稳定性得到了较好控制。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.