δ-映射算法及其在非一致道路条件交通流问题中的应用

1　Introduction　Inhomogenetiesintrafficrefertothosefactorsre sultingfromthechangeintrafficflowvolumes ,suchasthechangeinthenumberoflanes ,thedegradationofroads,andthedisturbanceatazebracrossingoratollstation ,etc .Theconsiderationoftheinhomo geneitiesgivesrisetospatiallyvaryingfluxintrafficcontinuummodels ,whichareusuallynon strictlyhy perbolicandhavenotbeenwellunderstoodmathemat ically .Therelatedstudiesinliteraturewerefewandthebehaviorandtheinfluenceoftheseinhomo geneitieswerenotclearenough…     

机器人避障行走的最短路径

机器人避障行走的路径必须由相切的直线段和圆弧组成,故建立了从圆外点向圆作切线和作两圆公切线的计算切点坐标的显式公式。针对众多组合绕行方案,设计出寻求最佳方案的计算简便且筛选全面的折线过滤法;指出紧贴障碍线的路径是最短路径,并给出了完整的证明。机器人在指定点处转弯需走圆弧,为确定圆心坐标,构建基于角平分线的近似方法,同时建立优化模型,并通过搜索求解,验证了该近似方法具有极高的精度。     

Students' conceptions of the second law of thermodynamics—an interpretive study

Thirty-four clinical interviews were conducted with Grade 10 students (15–16 years old) who had received four years of physics instruction. The interview's focus was to understand students' responses from their point of view and not solely from the physicist's angle. The results of the study confirm and deepen, on the one hand, findings from other studies concerning students' severe difficulties in learning the energy concept, the particle model, and the distinction between heat and temperature. On the other hand, students' qualitative conceptions in a new area—the second law of thermodynamics—are revealed. For instance, in the case of irreversibility (i.e., the idea that all processes take place by themselves only in one direction), most students came to conclusions similar to those of modern physicists. But their explanations of irreversibility are based on significantly different conceptual frameworks. The results of the study suggest that a mere enlargement of the traditional physics curriculum by the addition of ideas of the second law is not sufficient to familiarize students with these ideas. A totally new teaching approach to heat, temperature, and energy is necessary. In this approach, basic qualitative ideas of the second law should be a central and integral part from the beginning of instruction.     

圆锥曲线一类内接三角形的性质及其在作图中的应用

通过代数法给出并证明了圆锥曲线的一个定理，得出关于圆锥曲线内接三角形的一系列推论给出了圆关于弦切角的性质和点对于圆的幂的性质在一般圆锥曲线中成立的情况，得到一种过圆锥曲线上一点的切线的作法。     

单摆的动力学特征

本文从动力学的角度研究了单摆的运动规律．指出了对于单摆的初始摆角θ0存在一个临界值.当θ0小于或等于临界值时，单摆所受合力，随θ角减小而单调递减；当θ0大于临界值时,合力则随着θ角的减小,先单调递减，后变为单调递增，出现了两个极值．同样，单摆运动的加速度也因初始角取值不同而呈现两种完全不同的变化规律．     

关于棱镜中入射角与偏向角关系的探讨

通过对棱镜入射角与偏向角关系的测定 ,找出了一些规律 ,为实验提供了快速、简便的方法 ,同时研究了实验中发现的几个问题 .     

非线性方程Klein-Gordon新的行波解

求非线性波动方程的解的方法有齐次平衡原则,双曲正切函数展开法,试探函数法,非线性变换法,sine-cosine展开法,J acobi椭圆函数展开法,F-展开法等.本文利用推行的F-展开法,作变量代换及行波变换得到了Klein-Gordon方程许多新的精确解,包括新的孤立子波解,该方法为求解类似的方程提供了借鉴.     

从传统到现代——转型期壮族习惯法变迁的人类学考察

壮族是一个历史悠久的民族,其创造了丰富的习惯法文化,习惯法对维护当地的社会秩序,促进经济发展方面作出了重要的贡献。以人类学的视角从壮族习惯法研究简介、作用、变迁、调适等4个方面作一简单的探索具有重要的现实意义。     

相切圆形成的圆锥曲线

文章根据解析几何中圆锥曲线形成的一些共同特点以及和圆之间的相互关系，提出不同形式、不同限制条件下的圆相切会产生相应的圆锥曲线，并指出相切圆产生的圆锥曲线具有可操作性强、几何特点简单直观等特点。     

双曲线标准方程的推导及发现

给出了五种推导双曲线标准方程的方法:移项平方法、直接平方法、分子有理化法、余弦定理法、平方差法.这些方法的由来是受相关文献、教材思考题和例题的启发,也为双曲线方程的灵活运用打下坚实基础.     

双曲正切函数方法和规则长波方程的新孤波解

彩霞双曲正切函数法的幂级数表示规则长波方程 的特定解，通过平衡最高阶导数项与非线性项的最高次幂，获得了该方程的双曲正切函数的幂级数的截断解，进而构造出了它的四类弧波解．     

非线性波动方程的双曲函数级数解法

采用双曲函数的幂级数表示一类非线性波动方程的特定显示行波解，根据领头项分析，这种函数级数解可以被截面为只有几项的形式－截为解，由此进一步得到它的扭状孤状波解、钟状孤波解，从而物理学上许多著名方程都可作为该方程的特殊情形而得到相应的二组孤波解。     

连续潮流计算的算法改进研究

针对常规的连续潮流计算在求取P-V曲线时存在的缺点,提出了一种连续潮流计算的改进算法。该改进算法通过采用单位化处理切线预测向量、以切线预测向量的内积确定预测方向以及变步长控制等措施,提高了连续潮流计算在求取P-V曲线时的准确性和计算效率。Matlab仿真验证了该改进算法的有效性。     

Reading Angles in Maps

Preschool children can navigate by simple geometric maps of the environment, but the nature of the geometric relations they use in map reading remains unclear. Here, children were tested specifically on their sensitivity to angle. Forty‐eight children (age 47:15–53:30 months) were presented with fragments of geometric maps, in which angle sections appeared without any relevant length or distance information. Children were able to read these map fragments and compare two‐dimensional to three‐dimensional angles. However, this ability appeared both variable and fragile among the youngest children of the sample. These findings suggest that 4‐year‐old children begin to form an abstract concept of angle that applies both to two‐dimsional and three‐dimensional displays and that serves to interpret novel spatial symbols.     

旋转式倒立摆系统的四维模糊控制算法

倒立摆系统是典型的非线性、不稳定系统．设计了一个四维模糊控制器,选择以旋转式倒立摆的角度为优先控制,并建立了相应的控制规则,最后进行了仿真控制的分析,仿真结果表明该系统具有鲁棒性、稳定性好和算法简单的特点,可以应用在控制要求较高的场合．     

Predictive control of a class of bilinear systems based on global off-line models

INTRODUCTION Bilinear systems are a kind of important nonlinear systems with relatively simple structure, and many industrial processes can be described as a bilinear system. Thus research on the control of this kind of systems is very important. On the other hand, model predictive control (MPC) (Clarke et al., 1987) has been widely used in industrial applications and many predictive control methods focusing on bilinear systems are emerging (Bloemen et al., 2001; Fontes et al., 2004; He…     

θ-PSO： a new strategy of particle swarm optimization

Particle swarm optimization （PSO） is an efficient, robust and simple optimization algorithm. Most studies are mainly concentrated on better understanding of the standard PSO control parameters, such as acceleration coefficients, etc. In this paper, a more simple strategy of PSO algorithm called θ-PSO is proposed. In θ-PSO, an increment of phase angle vector replaces the increment of velocity vector and the positions are decided by the mapping of phase angles. Benchmark testing of nonlinear functions is described and the results show that the performance of θ-PSO is much more effective than that of the standard PSO.     

刑讯逼供法律成因分析

刑讯逼供最终是个法律问题，应先检讨和改正现行法律中的不足之处。立足于现行法律，从宪法、刑法、刑事诉讼法不同角度分析，探讨了刑讯逼供之所以不断滋生的原因，并提出了一些建设性方案。     

靠背式测速探头感受特性的数值模拟研究

本文针对在流场中速度、方向的测量问题,提出一种新型的靠背式测速探头的设计方案,并通过数值的手段模拟了靠背式测速探头的不同切向角对气流流向的感受特性。研究发现,当气流方向与靠背式测速探头的迎流面之夹角为15°时,靠背式测速探头比例系数值会出现极值点。这一现象的发现为在流动测量中对方向进行识别提供了依据。     

论法官司法良知的制度保障

＂徒善不足以为政,徒法不足以自行＂,法律需要有一批精通法律、有良好职业道德的法律人去实施。在我国目前成文法的框架下,法律相对于判例法国家来说,其内容更加具有普遍性和一般性。对法官的司法良知予以制度保障,可以更好地发挥法官的自由裁量权,真正实现法律的公平和正义。本文从我国目前法学教育中存在的问题,法官制度中存在的问题,司法运行中存在的一些问题,分析了法官司法良知的重要性,提出了从制度上保障法官司法良知的几点建议。