论汉语的偏旁和部首

现代汉语教本及丛书对汉字偏旁和部首的解释是明晰的，但对什么样的字可作偏旁分析、偏旁和部首之间具有什么样的关系这两个问题，很少有详尽明了的阐述。本文就此作了较为具体的分析，对理解、掌握和使用汉字有一定的帮助。     

浅谈偏旁与部首的区别

在小学语文课本以及一些相关的练习册中，经常会看到这样的练习题：“写出带有下面偏旁的字”或“写出带有下面部首的字”。学生在做这类练习题时，往往按意思完全相同的题来完成，误认为偏旁、部首属同一概念。其实偏旁与部首既有联系又有区别。什么是偏旁呢？《现代汉语词典》中解释道：在汉字形体中常常出现的某些组成部分，如：“位、住、俭”中的“亻”，“国、固、圈”中的“囗”，“偏、翩、篇、匾”中的“扁”，“拎、翎、零”中的“令”，都是偏旁。我们知道，汉字绝大多数是合体字。而偏旁则是构成合体字的基本单位，一个合体字一…     

汉字偏旁形变试探

汉字偏旁的形变经历了极其漫长的过程,在这个过程中,偏旁形变最剧烈的是隶变时期和楷化时期。汉字偏旁的形变可以归纳为不形变、不完全形变和完全形变三个形变规律。汉字偏旁按美的规律进行形变,其根本原因是由于人们的书写、书法实践所导致的。     

偏旁和部首

丁丁和冬冬为偏旁和部首的关系争吵起来了，一个说部首是偏旁，一个说部首不是偏旁。到底部首是不是偏旁？它们又是什么关系呢？有些同学可能也搞不清楚。现在，老师来告诉你们有关偏旁和部首的知识，你们就会明白了。     

汉字偏旁异名问题探析

命名主体不一、命名角度多样以及规范化程度低导致偏旁异名现象的存在,这给识字教学带来干扰。新中国建立以后对此进行了专门的整理规范,但同一偏旁存在不同名称的状况并没有彻底消除。面对这种情况,教师在识字教学过程中可以参照现代汉字形体、面向学生实际、照顾名称的系统性等原则做出选择。     

甲骨文■形偏旁的多义现象

由于汉字的自身发展特点,汉字的构形与客观事物之间的关系错综复杂。商代中后期的甲骨文作为早期的文字,其形体与意义之间的复杂性表现得尤为突出。本文主要论述了甲骨文中■形偏旁的多义性并对这些意义进行了归类,■形偏旁除了表示口舌及相关意义之外,还有一些意义与口舌之意无涉,总结起来,主要有三种:一,表示建筑物或建筑物的一部分;二,表示器皿、盛器;三,作为区别符号。还有一些意义比较零散,没有形成体系,故将其放在一起,列入"其他"一类进行论述。     

汉字偏旁、部件辨析

汉字是记录汉语的书写符号系统，是表意体系的文字，汉字的形、音、义有着密切的联系。从造字法的角度来看，象形字、指事字、会意字是纯表意文字，字形表示词语的意义，见形可以知意。而形声字既有表意成份，又有表音成份。从构造单位来看，由笔画构成独体字，由独体字构成合体字，构成合体字的独体字就叫合体字的偏旁。旧称合体字的左边为偏，右边为旁，后来不论上下左右，都可以叫偏旁。     

浅谈汉字的部首与偏旁

中国的汉字历史悠久,源远流长,具有深厚的文化底蕴,是每一个华夏儿女都为之感到骄傲与自豪的艺术瑰宝,汉字的一横一竖、一撇一捺,都蕴藏着数不尽的奥妙与趣味,这其中,就包含了偏旁与部首这两个重要的概念。人们常常将"偏旁部首"连在一起说,于是就造成了认识上的瑕疵,理所应当把它们当作同一个概念,却没有意识到两者之间的差别。所以,需要探讨和区分"偏旁""部首"这两个概念,以便学生理解。     

关系对外汉字教学全局的几个问题

对外汉字教学要走出困境,要注意关系对外汉字教学全局的几个问题：要进一步提高对汉字教学重要性的认识;汉字教学要形音义兼顾;对外汉语教学要将识字量作为追求的重要目标;识字教学的推展要坚持以偏旁为纲;加强汉字教学要标本兼治。     

整体认知汉字的偏旁、部首与结构

新课标要求：第一学段(1～2年级)喜欢学习汉字，有主动识字的愿望。……掌握汉字的基本笔画和常用的偏旁部首，能按笔顺规则用硬笔写字……初步感受汉字的形体美。第二学段(3～4年级)对学习汉字有浓厚的兴趣，养成主动识字的习惯。累计认识常用汉字2500个，其中2000个左右会写。会使用字典、词典，有初步的独立识字能力。本从吃透“新课标”、贯彻研究性学习的角度研究整体认知汉字偏旁、部首与结构的意义。     

关于部件命名的三个问题

教育部、国家语委联合发布的《现代常用字部件及部件名称规范》初步解决了部件的界定、拆分、命名等问题,但该规范尚有一些问题值得进一步讨论。概括起来,主要是成字部件的界定问题、代表字的用字范围问题,以及非单笔部件的命名方式问题。     

Broad strokes of recovery: the case of Croatia

For a long time after the proclamation of independence, Croatia suffered economic stagnation that negatively affected the development of science and higher education. However the turn of the millennium brought higher state investment in science and higher education, and all statistics now show a steady increase in the number of students and scientific personnel for the past several years. With these trends the focus has moved from the role the state can play in reviving science in Croatia to the necessity of greater participation in scientific funding, as well as the role that university graduates can play in the development of the country. The role of European integration and the brain drain phenomenon thus increase in importance, and this study provides some parameters for brain drain and the academic and intellectual labour market in Croatia.     

实现高职院校和谐招生应坚持依法治招

和谐社会已成为我们新时期的奋斗目标,高职院校的招生和谐是社会和谐的重要组成部分,作为占全国高校逾半数的高职院校,实现和谐招生应坚持"依法治招",做到公开、公平、公正.     

The validity of computerized visual motor integration assessment using Chinese basic strokes

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to explore the validity of the assessment tool. The purposive sampling method is applied in this research on a total of 551 preschool children between 4 and 6 years old. Their ages range from 46 to 81 months, with an average age of 63.9 months (SD?=?7.58). The assessment tool used in this research is the “Computerized Visual Motor Integration Assessment Tool Using Chinese Basic Strokes”. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to automatically determine children’s writing classification. The findings suggest that the assessment tool developed has good validity in terms of sensitivity, specificity and the accuracy. This tool is recommended for use in the diagnosis of Chinese visual motor integration issues for preschoolers, so that their potential writing difficulties may be detected early, and the goal of early intervention may be achieved.     

Teaching practices in kindergarten and first grade: different strokes for different folks

This study assessed the nature of instruction in 314 kindergarten and first-grade classrooms from 155 schools in 48 school districts in three states. The schools served a relatively high proportion of low-income children and children of color. Despite the restricted range in student populations served, qualities of the schools and observed classroom instruction were associated with the demographics of the student body. Schools serving relatively high proportions of low-income children and children of color were rated by teachers to have more negative social climates. Teachers in these schools emphasized basic skills more and engaged in more didactic teaching and less constructivist teaching practices. At the classroom level, teaching approaches were predicted by teachers’ goals, the ethnic composition of their classroom, and the degree to which teachers perceived the families of the children in their classroom to have challenges associated with poverty. Didactic teaching was particularly common in classrooms with a high proportion of African–American students and in which teachers believed poverty-related problems inhibited parent involvement in their children's education; constructivist teaching was high in classrooms with a high proportion of Caucasian children.     

Denoising of Chinese calligraphy tablet images based on run-length statistics and structure characteristic of character strokes

INTRODUCTION As an art form, Chinese calligraphy has a long history of several thousand years. Many ancient cal- ligraphy work created by former famous calligraphers were carved on stone tablets, and calligraphy docu- ments were produced by rubbings. The most imme- morial tablets we could look with reverence are “Shigu” stone tablets (left of Fig.1) which appeared about 2500 years ago in Warring States Period. The rubbed calligraphy document images however may look noisy, due to natur…     

浅析美国小说《最后的莫西干人》和电影《最后的摩根战士》

作为詹姆斯?库珀所著《皮裹腿故事集》中最为知名的一部作品,《最后的莫西干人》描绘了18世纪中叶英法殖民者为了侵占美洲领土而展开的残酷掠夺.在小说中,主人公“鹰眼”和他的莫西干朋友钦加哥之间的友谊是作者描述的重点,而在1992年的电影版本中,导演描述的重点则转到了“鹰眼”与科拉的爱情上.《最后的莫西干人》从小说到电影的改编反映了文化背景的变迁.     

试论CMO、LMO、PAO和VB之间的关系

离域分子轨道（CMO）、定域分子轨道（LMO）、杂化轨道（PAO）和价键法（VB）是结构化学的重要内容，本文通过CH4分子，对此之间关系进行较深入的讨论．