杭州市1319名正常成年人骨密度测定分析

对杭州市1319名正常成年人尺、桡骨骨密度(BMD)的测定结果进行分析,发现性别与增龄因素对BMD有显著影响,BMD随增龄而变化的特点是女性达峰早、下降快,男性达峰迟、下降慢.正常成年人男性BMD比女性高(P<0.01).一般性OP发病率随增龄而上升,但性别差异不显著(P>0.05).基于尺骨BMD与桡骨BMD差异不显著(P>0.05),加之这二项BMD指标与尺桡骨平均BMD相互间均呈高度正相关关系(P<0.01),所以将尺桡骨平均BMD这一单项指标作为活体骨矿物含量的综合评定指标是可行的.本研究还表明在女性体重指数(BMI)与BMD之间有正相关关系存在(P<0.05),提示消瘦可能是女性OP发病的危险因子.     

Hospital based preliminary study on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

The awareness of osteoporosis has grown world wide in recent years. This silently progressing metabolic bone disease is widely prevalent in India, and osteoporotic fractures are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in adult Indian men and women. Rapid bone loss occurs in postmenopausal women due to hormonal factors which lead to increased risk of fractures. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism are used to assess skeletal turnover. A cross-sectional study of 150 pre- and post menopausal women was carried out at S.D.M College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, during the period of May 2005 to September 2005. The study group consisted of 75 Premenopausal women in the age group of 25–45 years and 75 Postmenopausal women in the age group of 46–65 years. Bone formation markers (Total Calcium, lonised calcium, Phosphorus, Alkaline phosphatase), and bone resorption markers (Urinary Hydroxyproline) were analysed in pre and post menopausal women. Bone formation markers, Total and lonised calcium were significantly decreased (p<0.001) and Alkaline phosphatase was significantly increased (p<0.001) in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. Bone resorption markers, Urinary hydroxyproline excretion was significantly increased (p<0.001) in postmenopausal women. The results from this study suggest that simple, easy, common biochemical markers can still be used to assess the bone turnover in postmenopausal women and hence their risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures.     

Association of Vitamin D Receptor (FokI and BsmI) Gene Polymorphism with Bone Mineral Density and Their Effect on 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level in North Indian Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease with a strong genetic component. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been suggested as a candidate gene for osteoporosis. Therefore the present study was aimed to investigate the pattern of allelic variants of VDR gene polymorphism (FokI and BsmI), its influence on vitamin D levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in North Indian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis for possible genetic association. 254 postmenopausal osteoporotic women and 254 postmenopausal non osteoporotic women were included in the study. VDR FokI and BsmI gene polymorphism gene were assessed by the PCR-RFLP method. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured by the ELISA. BMD at the L₁–L₄ lumbar spine, hip, forearm and femoral neck was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The average BMD at spine and hip in postmenopausal women with bb and spine, hip, femoral neck and forearm with ff genotype had significantly low BMD. The frequency of ff genotype and f allele was significantly higher in postmenopausal osteoporotic women when compared with postmenopausal non osteoporotic women. However, no significant association was found between the genotypes and vitamin D levels. Our study reveals that VDR gene FokI and BsmI polymorphism is significantly associated with low bone mineral density. Therefore the ff genotype and f allele of VDR FokI gene may be used as an important risk factor for osteoporosis.     

Correlation of bone mineral density with biochemical markers in post menopausal women

To evaluate the magnitude of bone loss in postmenopausal women and to study the effect of a selective estrogen Receptor Modulator, raloxifene, on bone loss by quantitative ultrasound of calcaneus and serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP). Postmenopausal women with ostesopenia/osteoporosis were assigned randomly to receive placebo (n=30) or raloxifene (60mg/d, n=30) with calcium (500mg/day) and vitamin D (250 IU/day). The bone mineral density (BMD) and BAP levels were measured at the beginning of therapy and six months later. They were subjected to statistical analysis (t test, p value) using SPSS statistical package. 70% of postmenopausal women suffered from osteopenia/osteoporosis. After raloxifene therapy, there was improvement in the BMD but this was not statistically significant (p>0.05). There was a fall in the value of serum BAP by 26.6% (p<0.05). Raloxifene has a favourable effect on bone turnover as evident from changes in BMD and a significant fall in serum BAP.     

Detection of Bone Metastases in Breast Cancer (BC) Patients by Serum Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), a Bone Resorption Marker and Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), a Bone Formation Marker,in Lieu of Whole Body Skeletal Scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP

Bone metastases are a serious problem in patients with advanced cancer disease and their presence usually signifies serious morbidity prior to the patient’s death. In breast cancer patients the incidence of bone metastasis is observed to be very high at 70 %, as seen during post-mortem examination. Bone metastasis is difficult to diagnose, treat or follow clinically without radiological tools. This study was designed to evaluate the utility of a novel bone resorption marker–serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) and the bone formation marker such as serum total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in comparison with whole body skeletal scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP for the diagnosis of bone metastases (BM) in breast cancer (BC) patients. This study is intended to help the clinician to diagnose bone metastasis without resorting to radiological tools, as they are not cost effective and carry the risk of radiation. Experimental design: Four groups of samples were analysed. 1st group consists 52 normal female (cancer free women), 2nd group consists 38 BC patients without bone metastasis, 3rd group consists 27 breast cancer patients with limited bone metastasis (3 or less than 3 skeletal lesions) and 4th group consists 35 breast cancer patients with extensive bone metastasis (4 or more than 4 skeletal lesions), conformed by whole body skeletal scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP. One way ANOVA was used to compare serum TRACP5b and serum ALP among these groups. Both serum TRACP5b and serum ALP are not markedly elevated in limited bone metastasis but are strongly elevated in extensive bone metastasis (p < 0.0001). As seen in this study the biochemical bone resorption marker, serum TRACP5b, abnormally increased in extensive bone metastasis of breast cancer patients and can be used as a specific marker for bone metastasis in lieu of radiological tools.     

关于双能X射线骨密度仪辐射安全防护的探讨

本文分析了双能X射线骨密度仪主要的辐射来源以及对病人和医务操作者的辐射危害程度,通过对我院DXP Bravo型双能X射线骨密度仪的在开机操作过程中射线外溢散射剂量的测试,例证了对X射线骨密度仪辐射安全防护的重要性。     

Study of some common biochemical bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women

Markers of bone formation in serum include total and bone specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and Type 1 collagen carboxy terminal extension peptide. Bone resorption can be assessed by measuring plasma tartarate resistant acid phosphtase and urinary excretion of collagen degradation products: hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine glycosides and more recently the pyridinium crosslinks and associated peptides. We compared the excretion of hydroxyproline in women of reproductive age group to those of menopausal age group and found a significant difference in the two age groups. Urinary hydroxyproline was found to be significantly raised in post menopausal women. Thus hydroxyproline maybe used as the earliest indicator in the prognostic assessment of postmenopausal women of their risk of developing osteoporosis and fracture.     

STZ诱导的糖尿病对骨密度和血清睾酮的影响（英文）

目的：探讨链脲霉素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病对大鼠骨代谢的影响及机制。材料与方法：雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成3组: 正常组（n = 6），糖尿病组（n = 5）和胰岛素治疗糖尿病组 (n = 5)。大鼠尾静脉一次性注射STZ（50 mg/kg 体重），选择空腹12 h血糖大于12 mmol/L的大鼠为本实验所需的糖尿病模型。治疗组大鼠每天在同一时间给予1.8－2.2U的胰岛素。实验周期为持续32天。采用双能X线骨吸收法（DEXA）测定股骨密度，ELISA法测定血清雄性激素睾酮水平，生化分析仪测定血清碱性磷酸酶、钙、磷浓度。结果：糖尿病大鼠的股骨密度和血清睾酮均显著低于正常组（P < 0.01），血清总碱性磷酸酶明显高于正常组和胰岛素治疗组（P < 0.01）。三组之间血钙和血磷的水平无明显差异。胰岛素治疗后糖尿病大鼠的骨密度、血清睾酮与总碱性磷酸酶得到明显的改善。结论：糖尿病严重影响骨密度，胰岛素缺乏及雄性激素降低是导致糖尿病性骨质疏松重要原因。胰岛素治疗能预防骨流失和提高血清睾酮浓度。     

一种新型香醋粉对骨汤中钙、镁离子含量的影响

研究了一种新型香醋粉对骨汤中钙、镁离子含量的影响。煮骨头汤时,加入新型香醋粉,以普通液体食醋为对照,研究其对骨头汤中钙离子和镁离子溶出效率的影响,并探讨了烹调时间对骨汤中钙、镁含量的影响。结果表明:与加入普通食醋相比,加入新型香醋粉后,骨汤中钙含量和镁含量明显增大;随着烹调时间的延长,汤中钙含量和镁含量也显著增加。     

Biochemical Effects of Lead Exposure on Battery Manufacture Workers with Reference to Blood Pressure, Calcium Metabolism and Bone Mineral Density

Lead is one of the most widely scattered toxic metals in the environment and used by mankind for over 9,000 years. Lead in the environment may be derived from natural or anthropogenic sources. In humans, lead can cause a wide range of biological effects depending upon the level and duration of exposure. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of lead exposure on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D and examine the overall effect of all these parameters on the bone mineral density of battery manufacture workers. For this study ninety battery manufacture workers were selected and divided in three groups depending upon duration of lead exposure. Group I—workers with duration of lead exposure 1–5 years, Group II—workers with duration of lead exposure 6–10 years and Group III—workers with duration of lead exposure more than 10 years. Each group consisted of thirty workers. Thirty age matched healthy control subjects were taken for comparison. Demographic, occupational and clinical data were collected by using questionnaire and interview. The venous blood samples were collected from the study groups and normal healthy control group. At the time of blood collection random urine samples were collected in amber coloured bottles. The biochemical parameters were estimated by using standard assay procedures. Statistical analysis of the data was done using independent student‘t’ test for parametric variables. Values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). P values of 0.05 or less were considered to be statistically significant. The blood lead levels and urinary lead levels of all workers were significantly increased (P < 0.001) in proportion to the duration of lead exposure as compared to controls. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly raised (P < 0.001) in all three study groups of battery manufacture workers as compared to controls. Serum Calcium, Ionized calcium, phosphorus were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in all the three study groups. Serum vitamin D levels were lowered (P < 0.01) and serum PTH was increased (P < 0.01) in workers as compared to controls. The results of this study clearly indicate that the absorption of lead is more in these workers which adversely affects blood pressure, disturbs calcium and phosphorus metabolism which further impairs mineralization of bone resulting in decreased bone mineral density observed in these workers. Lead toxicity is still persistent in battery manufacture workers though they are using sophisticated techniques in these industries. There is a need to protect the workers from the health hazards of occupational lead exposure.     

80例非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病患者前臂尺,桡骨骨密度分析

用单光子吸收法（ＳＰＡ）对杭州市汉族５０岁以上的８０例非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者和年龄、性别与ＮＩＤＤＭ患者相配对的４３１名正常人的前臂尺、桡骨骨密度（ＢＭＤ）进行测定，发现女性轻中型和重型组、男性重型组ＮＩＤＤＩＭ患者的尺桡骨平均ＢＭＤ显著地低于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０１）；本组ＮＩＤＤＭ患者（男女合计）的一般性骨质疏松症（ＧＯＰ）和进行性骨质疏松症（ＰＯＰ）的发病率分别为６３．７５％和８．７５％，与正常人组相比较差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；不同病程ＮＩＤＤＭ患者组别间尺桡骨平均ＢＭＤ的差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），提示ＮＩＤＤＭ的病程与ＢＭＤ的相关程度不密切。     

矿产资源需求管理几个问题的讨论

本文对矿产资源需求管理的概念、前提、目标、原则和内容进行了讨论，提出了从需求入手的矿产资源逆向管理新思路。     

人工髋关节翻修术25例疗效分析

目的：探讨人工髋关节置换术后翻修的原因、骨缺损的处理、假体的选择及相关翻修技术。方法：选择广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院2003年1月-2013年12月行人工髋关节翻修术的25例病例的临床资料,其翻修假体的类型：全生物型臼和柄12例,全骨水泥型臼和柄3例,只用骨水泥臼4例,只用骨水泥柄2例,混合型假体2例,用原假体2例。需要植骨8例。结果：疗效参考Harris评分：优19髋（90分以上）、良4髋（80-89分）、可2髋（70-79分）,优良率为92%。翻修的原因：假体松动9例,假体沉陷4例,假体脱位4例,感染2例,假体松动并周围骨折2例,假体周围骨折2例,假体松动并脱位1例,假体断裂1例。结论：找出初次置换失败的原因,针对性的制定翻修方案,合理的选择翻修假体,具备一定的翻修技术及经验是髋关节翻修术获得成功最基本的条件。     

论《矿产资源法》制度重构的模式选择与具体路向

《矿产资源法》在立法理念、框架体系和核心制度上存在的问题给我国矿产资源开发利用和保护的法治化造成了阻碍。在法律模式上,修订后的《矿法》应当是一部能够兼容公共利益和私权利,兼具民法和行政法属性的完整性法律。厘清包含在矿产资源开发利用中三组法理关系,即所有权与用益物权关系、利益分享关系、资源开发与资源安全和环境保护关系,是《矿产资源法》修改的前提。矿业权、矿产资源税费、矿产资源规划、矿产资源储量、矿山环境保护和法律责任等方面是《矿法》修改的重心。     

BMD and Serum Intact Osteocalcin in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Women

India seems to have the highest prevalence of osteoporosis. With growing awareness of osteoporosis and its impact on life span especially in India, special attention is being paid to early detection, management and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. Measurement of BMD and osteocalcin are of value in estimating bone turnover rates. The aim of this study is (1) to measure the specific, sensitive bone formation marker such as osteocalcin and BMD in postmenopausal osteoporosis women and postmenopausal non-osteoporosis women; (2) the follow up study to evaluate the impact of specific antiresorptive therapy (alendronate + calcium + vitamin D) regimen in postmenopausal osteoporosis by assaying osteocalcin and BMD. Sixty clinically diagnosed postmenopausal osteoporosis patients and 60 normal subjects (postmenopausal non-osteoporosis women) were recruited as control. Mean bone mineral density T score and Z score was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients as compared to controls. Highly significant increase in the mean score of BMD—T score and Z score from baseline to post therapy of 3 months was observed in postmenopausal osteoporosis women. Serum osteocalcin levels were significantly increased (P < 0.001) as compared to control group. Serum osteocalcin levels were decreased significantly (P < 0.001) from baseline to post therapy of 3 months in postmenopausal osteoporosis women. BMD is the best quantifiable predictor of osteoporotic fracture and osteocalcin is specific, sensitive, promising, currently used marker for better prognosis of osteoporosis and for monitoring responses to antiresorptive therapy.     

基于PLC的矿浆浓度和干矿重量测量系统的设计与应用

在选矿生产过程中,需要及时获取矿浆浓度和干矿重量,以便指导生产。传统测量方法在实时性、准确度及适用范围方面存在不足。针对这些不足,研究了一套基于PLC的测量系统,实现在线对矿浆浓度和干矿重量测量。通过对测量系统和PLC系统的软件和硬件的优化设计,获得了一套稳定可靠、准确方便的系统。目前,该系统已经成功应用于生产,在半年的统计周期内,矿浆浓度平均误差为0.92%,干矿重量平均误差为0.57%,在实际使用中取得了很好的效果。     

直播密度对富锌水稻锌含量及生理生化特性的影响

研究了不同直播密度对富锌水稻籽粒中锌含量及茎、叶、籽粒内在生理生化特性(如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及叶绿素含量等)的影响。试验结果表明,直播密度对富锌水稻籽粒的锌含量有一定影响,随着直播密度的增加,锌含量呈下降趋势,而对各种酶的酶活影响不大。试验还发现,叶中各种酶的活性最高,茎次之,籽粒中最低。从总体来看,富锌水稻以播种量7500-8250 kg/km2为宜,此时富锌水稻植株中各种酶的活性、叶绿素和锌含量都较大。     

新疆伊犁河谷表层土壤容重的空间变异性分析

容重是土壤最基本的物理性状之一,是衡量土壤退化的核心指标,研究其空间变化对防治土壤侵蚀具有重要意义。本文以伊犁河谷为研究对象,运用传统统计学、GIS空间技术和地统计学的Kriging空间插值等方法,分析了表层土壤（0~20cm）容重的空间变异特征。结果表明：表层土壤容重频率分布为正态分布,K-S单样本检验表明,其峰度为0.14,偏度为0.15,变化范围为（1.01~1.50）g/cm³,平均值为1.25g/cm³,变异系数为7.6%,属于弱变异性;表层土壤容重的块金值为0.0056,基台值为0.0083,块金效应为32.5%,为中等相关性;空间尺度上,表层土壤容重由南向北和由西向东逐渐减小;普通克里金（Ordinary Kriging）插值表明,表层土壤容重南北走向呈条带状,东西走向呈斑块状分布格局;气候、母质等自然因素是表层土壤容重变化的内在因素,土地利用加速土壤容重的变化。     

藏成药七十味珍珠丸中矿物质元素在体内蓄积性水平研究

名贵藏成药七十味珍珠丸是传统藏药的典型代表,疗效显著.其中矿物类药的大量运用为现代医学科学不可理喻,给传统藏医药学的健康发展带来了困惑。以金诃七十味珍珠丸为研究材料,以Wistar大白鼠为试验对象,用等离子体发射光谱(ICP AES)和氢化物原子吸收光谱(HAAS)等分析仪器,测定了对照组和给药组实验动物在连续 1 8周试验期间心、肝、肾等组织器官中的矿物质元素含量水平,阐述金诃七十味珍珠丸中矿物质元素在动物主要组织器官中的长期蓄积性及其对生物机体的毒性效应     

水稻土SOM含量高光谱模型的母质差异性研究

以青紫泥(BlueclayeyPaddysoil,BP)和红黄泥(RedPaddysoil,RP)为例,研究发育于不同成土母质的水稻土SOM含量高光谱模型的差异性.结果表明,发育于河湖沉积物的BP与发育于第四纪红色粘土母质的RP,因为土壤中所含粘土矿物的不同,加上有机质组份的差异,其SOM含量高光谱模型具有母质的独特性.无论以反射系数为自变量或是以反射系数一阶微分为自变量,BP与RP的SOM含量高光谱模型在模型所包含波段的个数和位置都有较大的差异.