蛋白质电泳理论及运动大白鼠骨肌SDS测定

用蛋白质电泳技术对运动所致骨骼肌和心肌蛋白改变的情况进行测定分析；在国外运动医学界已广泛采用，而我国就此的报道极少见。笔者从分子电荷力学、蛋白迁移因素、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶、电泳过程、缓冲液选择、凝胶孔径选择以及十二烷基硫酸钠（ＳＤＳ）对运动后大白鼠骨骼肌和心肌蛋白分子量测定等几方面进行较详细地阐述。     

运动训练对大白鼠血清IgG、IgA和IgM的影响

体育运动对人体体液免疫功能是否有影响,近年来,许多学者进行了这方面的研究。由于研究对象和实验条件不同,结果也不相同。本文以Wistar纯种大白鼠为研究对象,严格实验条件,探讨运动训练对大白鼠血清IgG、IgA和IgM的影响。一、实验对象成年、健康的Wistar纯种大白鼠,周龄13—15周,体重250—300g。随机分组,不进行游泳训练共三组(分别为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组);训练组共三组(分别为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组)。每组8只,♂♀各半。训练方式:每天上午游泳30′,共45天。水温20—25℃。水深1米。二、研究方法(一)仪器与药品单向免疫扩散板及参考血清由卫生部     

高压氧对力竭性运动后血清磷酸肌酸激酶和肌红蛋白恢复的影响

20名体育系男大学生在自行车功率计上以逐渐递增负荷的方式踏车运动至力竭;然后随机分成高压氧组和对照组,分别在高压氧和自然状态下恢复约120min。在运动前,运动后和恢复期后测定血清磷酸肌酸激酶活力的肌红蛋白的含量。实验结果:力竭性运动后,高压氧组和对照组血清肌酸激酶及同工酶MB和肌红蛋白均显著升高。高压氧组血清CK、CK-MB活性和肌红蛋白水平恢复期与运动后比较均显著下降,对照组虽有下降,但无显著性差异。提示:高压氧可以促进运动后血清CK、CK-MB和Mb的恢复,有利于运动疲劳的恢复。     

高压氧对力竭性运动后血清磷酸肌酸激酶和肌红蛋白恢复的影响

为了探讨高压氧(HBO)对力竭性运动后血清磷酸肌酶活力和肌红蛋白水平恢复的影响,让20名体育系男大学生在自行车功率计上以逐渐递增负荷的方式踏车运动至力竭,然后随机分成高压氧组和对照组.他们分别在高压氧和自然状态下恢复约120min.在运动前,运动后和恢复期后测定血清磷酸肌酸激酶活力和肌红蛋白的含量.实验结果:力竭性运动后,高压氧组和对照组血清肌酸激酶及同工酶MB和肌红蛋白均显著升高,恢复期、高压氧组血清CK、CK—MB活性和肌红蛋白水平与运动后比较均显著下降,而对照组虽有下降,但无显著差异.结果提示:高压氧可以促进运动后血清CK、CK—MB和Mb的恢复,有利于运动疲劳的恢复.     

大白鼠腓肠肌—骨标本被动拉伸时弹性刚度测定

骨骼肌是构成人体运动器系的重要生物材料,它以具有高度可兴奋性而使其性质非常复杂。为研究骨骼肌在被动拉伸时的力学性能,本文拟通过对大白鼠腓肠肌—骨标本被动拉伸时的力量—时间曲线的分析,计算骨骼肌在两种拉伸速度下兴奋与松驰状态的弹性刚度,尝试着解释骨骼肌的弹性刚度与结构之间的关系,以便为肌肉力学的研究提供一些参考。 以20只Wistar雄性大白鼠为实验对象,麻醉后制成腓肠肌—骨标本进行快速拉伸实验,实验机可提供0.     

高压氧舱疗法

高压氧舱疗法是在高压环境下增加血液中氧气的溶解度,使血液输送给受损伤的肌细胞以更多的氧,从而达到促进疲劳及损伤恢复的目的。有关实验数据显示,使用高压氧舱能使血乳酸浓度恢复到正常水平的速度提高1.25倍。     

速度、力量素质的意念训练效果的研究

本文总结了速度、力量素质的意念训练的实验结果,表明身体素质训练时若辅以意念训练可明显地提高训练效果;单独施以意念训练,则可使完全停训运动员的训练水平保持6周以上。     

累进达标法在体育学院体育概论考试中的运用

采用分组实验的方法,对两组学生施以不同的考试方式。通过对效果的评价与分析后发现,累进达标法优于传统的考试方法,即能减轻学生的压力,强化学生的学习动机,提高教学效果     

运动对心肌损伤保护作用的若干研究进展

缺血性损伤是造成心肌细胞死亡和心脏功能紊乱的常见诱因,主要是因为缺血时心肌供血不足导致不能满足能量代谢的需要,严重时会引起心肌梗塞。近年来大量实验研究表明,运动对心肌损伤具有保护作用,阐明运动对抗心肌缺血性损伤的保护机制有助于预防和治疗心肌损伤。     

按摩手法“捏”对肌肉疲劳的影响

用SD大白鼠的联体小腿三头肌进行了300次实验,论证了中医按摩手法——捏在截瘫组或去脊髓组都具有延长肌肉工作时间、推迟疲劳产生的生理效应。运动按摩中采用捏法是适宜的和有效的。     

心肌细胞凋亡的研究进展及意义

心肌细胞凋亡是在一系列基因调控下进行的程序化细胞死亡，其实质是生理性细胞死亡。首先对心肌细胞调亡的研究方法、影响因素等方面进行了分析和总结；然后对心肌缺血、运动、心肌缺氧和心脏疾病与心肌细胞调亡等方面的研究进展进行了总结；并对心肌细胞凋亡的调节因素进行了初步探讨；最后对心肌细胞凋亡在心脏疾病和运动中的意义做了简短的总结和概括。     

排球,足球运动员心血管功能的比较：析排球运动员的心血管功能特点

采用实验测试法,对排球与足球运动员的心血管功能进行对比分析。结果显示,排球运动员的心血管功能特点为:安静时心肌收缩力强,但后负荷较高;心肌耗氧量高,冠脉缺血阈值低;交感反馈指数较高。     

运动时心肌的乳酸代谢

心肌摄取乳酸的多少与动脉乳酸浓度呈正相关。运动时,动脉乳酸浓度增加,心肌血流量增加,因而心肌摄取氧化乳酸增加;剧烈运动时,当血乳酸浓度大于3-4mM时,乳酸就可能成为心肌有氧代谢的重要产物。     

运动后即刻ECG的J点Q－X／Q－T及Q－T比值的研究

从实验性力量练习后即刻采集的ＥＣＧ数据中发现，当人体经大力量负重蹲腿起后，Ｊ点下移（ｄｏｗｎｗａｒｄｄｉｓｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔｏｆＪｐｏｉｎｔ）、Ｓ－Ｔ段平直延长（Ｓ－Ｔｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｆｔａｔｓｔｒａｉｇｈｔｐｒｏｌｏｎｇａｔｉｏｎ）、大于５０％，和Ｑ－Ｔ比值，以及Ｑ－Ｔｃ都增大，作者认为是练习后心肌缺血缺氧，电解质紊乱细胞内Ｋ＋浓度升高，血钙过低、除极波受阻引起损伤电位以及心内膜缺血部位的Ｂａｙｌｉｓｓ效应所造成。     

Quadriceps muscle blood flow and oxygen availability during repetitive bouts of isometric exercise in simulated sailing

In this study, we wished to determine whether the observed reduction in quadriceps muscle oxygen availability, reported during repetitive bouts of isometric exercise in simulated sailing efforts (i.e. hiking), is because of restricted muscle blood flow. Six national-squad Laser sailors initially performed three successive 3-min hiking bouts followed by three successive 3-min cycling tests sustained at constant intensities reproducing the cardiac output recorded during each of the three hiking bouts. The blood flow index (BFI) was determined from assessment of the vastus lateralis using near-infrared spectroscopy in association with the light-absorbing tracer indocyanine green dye, while cardiac output was determined from impedance cardiography. At equivalent cardiac outputs (ranging from 10.3±0.5 to 14.8±0.86 L · min(-1)), the increase from baseline in vastus lateralis BFI across the three hiking bouts (from 1.1±0.2 to 3.1±0.6 nM · s(-1)) was lower (P = 0.036) than that seen during the three cycling bouts (from 1.1±0.2 to 7.2±1.4 nM · s(-1)) (Cohen's d: 3.80 nM · s(-1)), whereas the increase from baseline in deoxygenated haemoglobin (by ～17.0±2.9 μM) (an index of tissue oxygen extraction) was greater (P = 0.006) during hiking than cycling (by ～5.3±2.7 μM) (Cohen's d: 4.17 μM). The results suggest that reduced vastus lateralis muscle oxygen availability during hiking arises from restricted muscle blood flow in the isometrically acting quadriceps muscles.     

Ebselen对大强度耐力训练大鼠心肌自由基代谢和超微结构影响的实验研究

目的探讨Ebselen对大强度耐力训练大鼠心肌组织MDA、T-AOC、NO、NOS系统与心肌超微结构的影响。方法SD雄性健康大鼠30只,适应性饲养、筛选,淘汰个别不适应跑台训练者。将剩余大鼠随机分为3组:安静对照组8只、运动对照组8只、运动加药组8只;进行为期8周的大强度耐力跑台训练。测定心肌组织MDA、T-AOC、NO、NOS含量,透射电子显微镜观察心肌超微结构。结果与安静对照组相比,运动对照组以上各指标均有显著性变化,心肌结构损伤明显;加入药物干预后,各项指标较运动对照组有显著变化,心肌结构明显好转。结论Ebselen对大强度耐力运动导致的自由基损伤有明显的抑制作用,原因可能与Ebselen具有模拟谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性有关。     

Transfer of momentum from different arm segments to a light movable target during a straight punch thrown by expert boxers

Abstract

Three modern views about the factors limiting oxygen uptake in healthy humans are set against the original (early 1920s) concept of A. V. Hill and colleagues. The majority view for most of the intervening time has been that cardiac output is the essential limiting function. Among recent research in support of this contention is that, in quadrupeds, pericardiectomy, which allows greater diastolic filling, elevates maximum oxygen uptake; however, the relevance to bipedal exercise can be questioned. In any case, algebraic analyses of model systems indicate that all identifiable stages on the oxygen transport pathway, from pulmonary diffusion to oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle mitochondria, materially influence maximum uptake. Thus, if a high cardiac output is to be of benefit, all the other steps must function better too. Nevertheless, these two viewpoints concur that the limit to maximum oxygen uptake is somatic. In contrast, there are strong indications that at altitudes where oxygen availability is about half that at sea level, cerebral oxygenation is a limiting factor, and some recent experiments raise the possibility that it might be a substantial influence at sea level also. Clearly, consensus cannot yet be reached on the question posed in the title.     

What limits [V(·)]O(2max)? A symposium held at the BASES Conference, 6 September 2010

Three modern views about the factors limiting oxygen uptake in healthy humans are set against the original (early 1920s) concept of A. V. Hill and colleagues. The majority view for most of the intervening time has been that cardiac output is the essential limiting function. Among recent research in support of this contention is that, in quadrupeds, pericardiectomy, which allows greater diastolic filling, elevates maximum oxygen uptake; however, the relevance to bipedal exercise can be questioned. In any case, algebraic analyses of model systems indicate that all identifiable stages on the oxygen transport pathway, from pulmonary diffusion to oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle mitochondria, materially influence maximum uptake. Thus, if a high cardiac output is to be of benefit, all the other steps must function better too. Nevertheless, these two viewpoints concur that the limit to maximum oxygen uptake is somatic. In contrast, there are strong indications that at altitudes where oxygen availability is about half that at sea level, cerebral oxygenation is a limiting factor, and some recent experiments raise the possibility that it might be a substantial influence at sea level also. Clearly, consensus cannot yet be reached on the question posed in the title.     

黄芪生药对运动大鼠心肌自由基损伤的研究

目的:通过观察大鼠心肌自由基代谢变化,探讨灌服黄芪生药对训练大鼠心肌损害的保护作用机制。方法:选取雄性Wistar大鼠按体重灌服中药煎剂,采用游泳训练方式分别于安静、力竭即刻、力竭恢复12h状态下,取大鼠心肌组织测定MDA、SOD、GSH、GOT、PLA_2活性。结果:与对照组相比,服药组大鼠力竭时间延长,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。安静状态下服药组GSH含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),SOD含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。大鼠力竭后即刻MDA含量、SOD活性、PLA_2活性与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.01)。力竭运动恢复12h后MDA含量、GSH含量、PLA_2活性与时照组有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:黄芪能够有效抑制脂质过氧化反应,提高机体在不同功能状态下的抗氧化能力,减轻心肌损伤,从而延长大鼠运动时间,推迟疲劳的发生。     

有氧训练后心肌细胞内能源物质含量变化的定量分析

20只小鼠被随机分成两组，一组为安静对照组，另一组为运动组。运动组进行10周有氧耐力训练，两组小鼠同批处死，取心肌制备电镜样品，观察小鼠心肌细胞内糖原颗粒和脂肪含量的变化，并进行细胞立体学定量分析。结果表明，10周有氧耐力训练后，小鼠心肌细胞内的糖原颗粒明显增加，脂肪含量虽增加，但不显著。推测这是小鼠有氧耐力提高的物质基础之一。