AMERICAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN THE COMPUTER AGE

The author has presented a rapid overview of the uses of the new information technologies in various aspects of library management and utilization in the United States of America. As early as the 1950's, as concerned librarians had come to realise that manual methods would no longer suffice to cope with the demands being made on libraries, they turned increasingly to automation. Libraries were innovators with regard to the development of large databases and the users of innovations with regard to the development of communications technologies. The latter, the new information and communications technologies (NICT's), are playing increasingly important roles with regard to the operation of libraries in the areas of acquisitions, cataloguing, circulation, reference, administration, inter‐library links including shared cataloguing, resource sharing, and inter‐library loan (now thought of as document delivery). The introduction of these same technologies has required that changes be made in the way librarians are trained, that older practising librarians have their training upgraded, and that library clients be trained in techniques of computer use and information retrieval. For the future, the uses made of the NICT's are bound to expand, leading to increased electronic publishing and distribution and to greater integration of indexes and catalogues. University libraries will increasingly become parts of campus‐wide communications and information networks.     

高校微机房管理的技术手段

病毒广泛传播、硬盘上教学软件被使用者有意无意地破坏是高校公用机房单机管理中普遍存在的问题，教学实验常常因此受到严重干扰。本文对解决该问题的种种方法进行了分析，提出用硬盘逻辑分区写保护法解决这个问题，并给出软、硬两种实现办法。前者能在软驱正常使用的情况下防止用户从软盘启动机器突破硬盘“防线”，并成功地用于机房管理；后者允许从软盘启动，也能对特定分区进行写保护。     

论高校图书馆电子检索室的人性化服务

高校图书馆电子信息检索的人性化服务极为重要,应以人为本,以诚为本,实现服务设施及服务方式的人性化。具体可从以下4方面努力：1．实现人性化和科学化的计费管理;2．开展形式多样的读教育;3．开通热线服务电话;4．开辟网上失物招领的公告。     

通识教育与跨专业学习

通识教育是一个历史的概念,内容丰富而模糊。本文勾勒了通识教育在德国的历史演变过程,重点对通识教育的内涵进行了区分与分析,指出"关键技能"和"学术工作技能"是通识教育的核心,并重点讨论了培养学生这两种能力的相关条件。     

THE LIBRARIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LISBON: CURRENT SITUATION

The reduced budgetary appropriations that have been allocated to higher education are reflected in the management of the Portuguese university libraries. The organization of the libraries of the University of Lisbon is described, and certain deficiencies common to them and to the other Portuguese university libraries are pointed out, such as the lack of adequately trained professional staff members. Reference is made to the current state of computerization of the catalogues of collections and to the problems which have arisen as a result of the need to standardize procedures with regard to participation in the National Bibliographic Database ‐‐ PORBASE. The role of university libraries in their su rounding communities is stressed as well as the urgent need to find ways of overcoming the crisis situation which characterizes the European university libraries.     

EDUCATING AN AGING SOCIETY: THE UNIVERSITY OF THE THIRD AGE IN FINLAND

Finland has responded to the educational needs of its aging population with the development of its version of the University of the Third Age. This article traces the creation of the University of the Third Age in Finland from seeds sown in France and England during the 1970s. The unique features of Finland's cultural hybrid University of the Third Age (U3A) are described from existing literature and field research data collected for this study. In addition, the educational interests and activities of a sample of older learners from five University of the Third Age campuses in Finland are described. Emerging organizational issues associated with growth in student populations and credentialing concerns are noted and briefly discussed.     

THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

The present state of the universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina is briefly presented. The needs of these institutions, resulting from the war going on in the Republic, are stressed. Also stressed is the fact that despite great hardship these universities are still functioning.     

MEMORY RECALL AND PARTICIPATION LEVELS IN THE ELDERLY: A STUDY OF GOLDEN AGE RADIO

Institutionalized elderly people often appear to live in the past, or in their long‐term memories. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of playing tapes of Golden Age radio shows, both musical and comedy, on the residents of a nursing home. In particular, the researchers were interested in memory recall, reactions to the memories, and the effects of this activity on involvement in planned nursing home activities. Trivia questions about the same time period were also utilized to determine if discussion of significant historical events in older persons’ lifetimes might be triggers for increased participation and socialization. The study was conducted in a 30‐bed nursing center located 20 miles west of a large midwestern metropolitan area. The participants included 12 women with a mean age of 90 years and of varying levels of cognitive functioning. The Golden Age radio programs were played on a tape recorder for a length of time not exceeding 20 minutes. Trivia questions were verbally posed by the researchers to the study group. Reactions to the Golden Age musical programs indicated that this type of music may evoke memories and encourage reminiscence in the lives of the elderly. The use of trivia is also recommended as a means of stimulating recall of historical and life events. The comedy programs evoked little response in this study, and the researchers feel that additional study in this area could be valuable.     

CREATIVITY IN ADULTHOOD AND OLD AGE: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

The purpose of this study was to explore the creative process and creative products across the adult life span. The subjects were 61 women, ages 20 to 83 years, who were comparable in intelligence, education, and interest in writing. They completed a creative writing project and took three standardized creativity tests and two intelligence subtests. Both quantitative and qualitative differences were found favoring young adults. Predictive but not construct validity was demonstrated for the creativity tests with this population of young and old adults. Both methodological constraints and the ecological validity of these measures of creativity are discussed.     

工业控制系统中工控软件的拓展与系统仿真

以复方丹参滴丸自动灌装线的测控系统设计为例 ,研究了在典型工业控制软件中嵌入其他应用软件进行功能扩展的方法 ,及在一种软件的界面操作下进行多种软件无缝挂接的设计要点 ,并探讨了软件在测控系统中的仿真技术应用原理 .这些软件技术与仿真原理的应用 ,增强了工控软件编制的灵活性 ,达到了软件间的优势互补 ,拓展了自动线中测控系统的功能 ,提高了其智能化程度与工作的可靠性指标 .     

网络时代加强大学生思想政治教育的思路探析

网络的发展给大学生思想政治教育工作带来机遇的同时,也带来了巨大的挑战,对大学生的世界观、人生观、价值观等都有着重要的影响。高校辅导员必须高度重视和积极应对,努力探寻与新形势相适应的新对策。     

信息时代高校图书馆采访工作的再探索

本文论述了信息时代高校图书馆采访工作中存在的问题,提出了采访工作需借助新设备、新技术;采用多级审核、多人评议制和经费的分散使用的改革方法,并以山东科技大学图书馆的采访信息网络为例,论证了观点的正确性.