Developments of Education in The Netherlands

The purpose of this article is to describe the broad lines in which education has developed in the recent past in The Netherlands. We shall also refer to developments in other highly developed countries. The recent past contains in embryo a good deal of the future. Thus this introduction, however incomplete it may be, also comprises a reconnaissance, so to speak, into the future.     

The competitive funding of university research: the case of Finnish science universities

The present European higher education policy and research policy can be characterized as emphasizing external financing of universities, competition between and within universities, and the need for a more practical and economically profitable output from research and education. A theoretical framework of analysing the impacts of this new rationale can be constructed on the following two premises. First, the funding structure of universities and university research is a main factor that influences the situations in which universities and their members make their decisions on teaching, research and administering. Second, universities consist of various groups of personnel each having and developing objectives and preferences of their own. This theoretical framework is applied to the Finnish science university system. On the basis of the analysis it can be seen that although the new policy probably has clarified the division of labour between universities, there have emerged some negative unintended consequences of the new funding structure. Indications of weakening performance in research and education can be identified in the empirical analysis.

Building a great public university: The role of funding at British and American universities

Public universities reflect the aspirations a state or society has for its young people and for itself. In this study we examine the level of public funding for universities and its relation to quality. We analyze funding data for British universities and a sample for American universities. Additionally, we examine data on the production of science by faculty at the institutions in our American sample. The data permit an analysis of the relation between investment in higher education and quality. We compare these data with the recent efforts to fund British universities based on measures of scholarship and scientific achievement. We conclude by examining the nature of the relationship between funding and research quality at British universities.     

Predicting federal research funding at colleges and universities

The relationships between federal research funding and institutional commitments and characteristics are assumed to be at certain levels, but such assumptions appear to be founded mainly upon subjective observations. This study examined the relationships between federal research funding and the following institutional characteristics: institutional research funds; doctors, masters, first professional, and bachelor's degrees awarded; and graduate, first professional, and undergraduate student headcount. Data was gathered from 60 research performing universities for fiscal year 1975. Multiple regression, simple correlation and partial correlation analyses were used to ascertain the strength of the relationships. Results showed that doctor's degrees awarded and institutional research funds possessed the strongest correlations to federal research funding, with doctorates being the strongest relationship at private institutions and institutional research funds the strongest relationship at public institutions.     

The distribution of EU students and staff at UK universities: patterns and trends

The mobility of EU students and staff is threatened by Brexit, as the favourable conditions allowing for a frictionless cross-border academic learning and scientific research base are renegotiated at the highest political levels, including the pre-Brexit freedom of movement of persons and home fees for EU students. However, the UK higher education system is highly differentiated, and its hierarchical nature implies that criteria such as age, history, geographical location, economic resources, research activity, teaching quality, academic selectivity and socioeconomic student mix will have important ramifications when assessing the vulnerabilities of UK higher education institutions and the internationalisation of UK higher education should the UK leave the EU.

     

民办高校贫困学生资助现状的调查与思考

通过对民办学校学生资助现状的调查研究发现,民办高校贫困生对资助工作存在政策了解不全面、贫困生认定程序不合理、贫困生资助面较窄、还款认知度较弱等问题。为此,应建立规范的宣传机制,完善合理的认定工作程序,拓宽资助来源渠道,引导学生树立正确的贷款还款意识。     

区块链视域下高校精准资助育人体系创新研究

高校精准资助育人体系的构建是实现立德树人、推进教育公平、构建和谐社会的有效途径,包含了精准识别、精准管理、精准帮扶、精准教育等内容.站在新的历史起点上,高校精准资助育人体系应主动拥抱区块链,科学把握区块链去中心、不可篡改、开放透明、高度自治等特性,提升其在智慧思政、精准施策、三全育人维度的时代价值.应从加强顶层设计、坚持技术创新、推进标准统一、注重人才建设四个方面实现区块链对高校精准资助育人体系的充分赋能,让资助育人更精准、更便捷、更智慧,让资助成效可分析、可检验、可评判,促进教育公平发展和质量提高.     

网络条件下高校思想政治工作的发展趋势

网络技术应用于高校思想政治工作领域,促使高校思想政治工作出现了一些新趋势,主要体现为:高校思想政治工作的民主化、信息化、社会化、高效化趋势更加明显.这些新的趋势势必给高校思想政治工作带来新的生机和活力,从这个意义上讲,网络的发展是高校思想政治工作改进和提高的技术基础.     

Main trends in graduate study in basic sciences in Turkish universities: a quantitative overview

This paper seeks to trace the development of graduate studies in basic sciences in Turkish universities from origins to the present day. The study includes a sketch of the historical background of higher education from its start in medieval madrasahs and Istanbul Darulfunun (The House of Sciences), to the transition into present-day university education, i.e., to the beginnings of modern graduate study and the emergence of new universities. Empirical statistics are given to substantiate the rapid growth of graduate study and of the number of degrees produced since the 1980s. The mean number of Ph.D. Degrees per year has increased from a few in a single university in the 1930s to nearly a hundred in today's twenty seven universities in Turkey in the 1980s. Finally, a quantitative overview of the growth trends in graduate study in basic sciences as well as an assessment of the present degree productivity of Turkish universities are presented.     

Developments and trends in synthesizing diverse forms of evidence: beyond comparisons between distance education and classroom instruction

This paper describes a range of models and methods for synthesizing diverse forms of research evidence. Although this topic is applicable to many contexts (e.g. education, health care), the focus here is on the research traditions of distance education and online learning. Thirteen models and methods are described, and seven examples from distance education and online learning are used to illustrate them. The models are classified as systematic, purposeful, and mixed and are described and compared in terms of purpose, methodological aspects, and expected outcomes.     

研究型大学学术岗位制度差异与变革趋势——基于德、美两国的比较

研究型大学是在现代科学研究组织化的过程中崛起的,组织制度是其组织化的主要体现.不同国家的研究型大学的组织制度存在差异,以德国和美国为典型代表,从19世纪德国成为世界科学中心到20世纪美国成为新的科学中心,大学的组织制度差异对科学中心的转移产生了重要影响.研究型大学的学术岗位制度是其组织制度的重要组成部分,笔者重点分析了德国和美国两种不同的学术岗位制度,从制度移植和理念变革等方面对研究型大学学术岗位制度发展趋势进行了探讨,进而为国内高校的学术岗位制度改革提供借鉴.     

高校科研评价的问题、走向与改革策略

科研评价是高校科研管理的核心环节.文章通过研究发现,目前我国高校科研评价存在科研分类评价未得到明确体现、科研评价主体多元化不完备、科研内涵评价不突出、科研评价方法整合不到位、科研评价管理制度不健全等问题.未来高校科研评价应使分类评价制度进一步完善、评价主体更加多元、评价内容更注重内涵、评价方法更科学合理、评价管理制度更为完善.基于此,文章提出构建多维度的科研分类评价体系,构建多元化的科研评价主体,实施多层面的科研内涵评价,采用多向度的科研评价方法,健全多方位的科研评价管理制度等具体的行动策略.