Information and Communication Technology Challenges to Scientific Professional Identity

Increasingly, information and communication technology (ICT) uses are transforming professional activities and interactions in ways that challenge traditional assumptions about professional identity. In this article, we consider the ways in which the professional identities of research scientists in oceanography and marine biology are shaped by the use of ICTs. We draw empirical data from an ongoing study of scientific research collaborations that examines uses of basic communication technologies, as well as scientific technologies with embedded ICT components. Our analysis suggests that development and use of ICT-enabled scientific technologies are identity enhancing for many scientists, facilitating their development of unique areas of scientific knowledge. ICT-related changes in data collection, collaborative coordination, and scientific interaction also challenge traditional definitions of expertise and professional identity. An examination of these challenges directs attention to the project identities that form around ICT-enabled scientific technologies and the ways that those project identities are enacted through ICTs.     

理性选择方法对宗教研究的贡献

传统经济学的理性选择分析方法,已经在宗教研究中日益广泛地使用,用以分析宗教现象和宗教行为。理性选择方法是宗教研究范式的革命,在宗教理论和政策方面都有创新性贡献。     

Fostering Multidisciplinary Engagement: Communication Challenges for Social Research on Emerging Digital Technologies 1

Abstract

There is wide agreement on the value of multidisciplinary social research related to information and communication technologies. This paper provides insights into the dynamics at play in these studies, drawing on an in‐depth analysis of exchanges among an international group of experts from many relevant disciplines who participated in a workshop on research into the social implications of emerging digital technologies. In addition to identifying some distinctive new challenges facing this field, the paper suggests how understanding ways to foster productive engagement in discussing and developing issues and joint work could lead to more useful multidisciplinary partnerships.     

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Rural Business Clusters: The Relation Between ICT Adoption and Benefits Derived From Cluster Membership

This study examines the relationships between information and communication technologies (ICT) usage, the benefits a company derives from membership in a rural business cluster, and the success of rural companies. Analysis of 333 rural businesses located in northern lower Michigan showed a strong relationship between (a) ICT adoption and benefits derived from the membership in business clusters, (b) ICT adoption and self-reported business success, and (c) benefits derived from business clusters and business success. Although analysis indicates that these relationships may be industry specific, results suggest that ICT adoption by rural enterprises may have advantages for the region's social capital and business success and may help reduce the digital divide experienced in rural communities.     

扎根理论质性研究方法在情报学研究中的应用

扎根理论是在多元理论思潮下一种具有人文精神的质性研究方法,在社会学、人类学、心理学和管理学等众多人文社会学科中已有较为广泛的应用。在阐述扎根理论研究方法的理论基础和操作流程后,重点对其应用于情报学研究的可行性进行分析,并对国外扎根理论在情报学研究中的应用现状及今后研究思路进行总结,以期为今后国内情报学研究引入该方法提供一些参考。     

垂直搜索相关技术在动态科技信息搜集中的应用研究

动态科技信息搜集是情报研究工作的前提和基础,对科技网站的跟踪监视是动态科技信息搜集的常用手段之一,通过及时监测互联网上重要网站的信息来达到信息搜集的目的。垂直搜索是相对通用搜索弓『擎的信息量大、查询不准确、深度不够等提出来的新的搜索引擎服务模式,通过针对某一特定领域、某一特定人群或某一特定需求提供的有一定价值的信息和相关服务;将其应用于动态科技信息搜集,可以大大提高情报研究工作的效率。     

媒体与企业的信息策略研究

本文阐述了信息对企业和媒体生存与发展的作用,在分析信息利弊的基础上,分别探讨了企业针对媒体所应采取的信息策略和媒体针对企业的信息策略。     

Bridging the Divide: Building Asia-Pacific Capacity for Effective Reforms

This article spotlights the need to develop capacity for ICT policy and regulation within developing countries. It argues that capacity should to be developed among all stakeholders, not solely within government agencies, because that would enable effective participation by many players in the regulatory process. The resulting participatory regulatory process will in turn increase accountability and procedural legitimacy. The article examines different approaches to developing in situ expertise, especially just-in-time learning and open-source research.     

专家咨询在情报调研中的作用及实施策略

回顾总结了《世界黄金地质研究、选冶技术发展现状和趋势以及我国对策的建议》综合性情报调研报告的专家咨询过程,阐明了专家咨询对编写情报调研报告的重要作用和意义,体现出专家咨询法是科技情报调研的重要方法。     

New Media/Internet Research Topics of the Association of Internet Researchers

This study summarizes prior reviews of new media and Internet research, and the growth of the term Internet in academic publications and online newsgroups. It then uses semantic network analysis to summarize the interests and concepts of an interdisciplinary group of Internet researchers, as represented by session titles and paper titles and abstracts from the 2003 and 2004 Association of Internet Researchers conferences. In both years, the most frequent words appearing in the paper abstracts included Internet, online, community, social, technology, and research. The 2003 papers emphasized topics such as the social analysis/research of online/Internet communication, community, and information, with particular coverage of access, individuals, groups, digital media, culture; role and process in e-organizations; and world development. The 2004 papers emphasized topics such as access; news and social issues; the role of individuals in communities; user-based studies; usage data; and blogs, women, and search policy, among others.     

多媒体技术在教学应用中的探索与研究

随着计算机技术的迅猛发展,许多高职院校投入大量资金建立了现代化的多媒体教室。多媒体技术在教学中的应用,改变了传统的教学方式,大大激发了学生的学习兴趣,但多媒体技术在课堂教学中的运用存在许多问题。通过对多媒体教学应用的实践考察和深入分析,肯定了多媒体教学的优越性,同时对教学应用过程中存在的问题和不足,做了客观阐述和说明,并有针对性地提出了一些改进意见。借此探索多媒体教学的方法,提高高职院校的多媒体教学水平。     

广电传媒多元化实证研究

多元化战略与企业经济绩效的关系已成为管理界研究的重点,而就多元化对广播电视类上市企业绩效影响的研究还很少,现实中很值得探讨。选择了合适的面板数据模型,建立了个体固定影响的变截距模型,对多元化战略与经济绩效的关系进行了研究。结论显示,目前企业的多元化程度与经济绩效之间并没有显著的相关关系。     

我国情报学研究方法体系构建研究的转向突破

[目的/意义]透过国内情报学研究方法体系构建研究式微、研究方法使用情况调查研究兴起的表象,揭示"此消彼长"背后是研究方法世界揭示范式的危机与转向突破。[方法/过程]首先,界定、分疏两类研究,提出研究问题;其次,结合CNKI与万方检索、内容分析法、文献追溯法,获得并梳理53篇相关文献;第三,探讨两类研究进展;第四,就情报学研究方法体系构建研究的范式危机进行论述;第五,比较新旧范式,就转向与突破的必然进行论述。[结果/结论]这种范式转向既是可贵探索也是困局突围的现实途径。新范式不仅有助于建设一个适合中国特色与情报特点的研究方法体系,其确立与完善更能够为科学界提供一个适合时代特征与情报学特征的专门研究方法。[局限]情报学与图书馆学、信息学历史上交叉、关联乃至趋同的关系是毋庸置疑的,文献调查未考虑其他学科领域是不足之处。     

高校科研国际交流与合作创新模式探索

高校科研中国际交流与合作的重要性毋庸置疑,但目前合作模式比较传统、单一、低效,大多表现为互访、签订合作备忘录、定期不定期举行研讨会等模式,对于开展有实质性成果的合作并推动国家科技与产业的发展并不能起到真正的作用。本文尝试借鉴几家世界一流的高校、科研机构甚至企业（瑞典乌普萨拉大学、芬兰VTT技术研究院以及法国依视路集团）的管理理念与国际合作模式,分析我国高校科研工作与管理中国际交流与合作模式的缺点与局限性,大胆尝试新途径、新模式,试图为走出高校科研国际交流与合作的新路提供想法与建议。     

信息产业对经济增长的作用研究

信息产业对经济增长的作用,信息产业和传统产业的关系是值得研究的。本文利用1987年到2002年投入产出表从定量的角度研究了信息产业对经济增长的影响,从总量和结构方面分析了信息产业和传统产业的关系。信息产业在经济发展中的作用越来越大,逐渐成为主导产业,因此,要大力发展信息产业,以促进经济持续、高速、稳定增长。     

Always Articulating: Theorizing on Mobile and Wireless Technologies

Through this article we theorize on the nature and effects of articulation work relative to the take-up and use of information and communications technologies (ICT). Articulation work is “work that enables other work”: that which links people, processes, and technologies within organizations. Articulation work in organizations is both common and too often invisible from a managerial or budgetary perspective. Drawing on data from a study of the introduction and implementation of mobile computing technologies into criminal justice organizations, we highlight two findings: (1) There exist ongoing but unmet articulation needs present in any organization or work system. (2) Articulation is cumulative. We find, that as work becomes more complex (such as adding new work tasks and using new technologies), there is more articulation needed. These findings raise issues with assessing the costs of articulation on individuals, and making arrangements to accommodate explicit and implicit articulation in organizational work, particularly around the take-up and ongoing use of ICT-based systems.     

情报科学发展现状及其理论研究

情报学是研究情报及其发展规律的学科,本文就情报学的学科发展现状与存在的主要问题进行了阐述,分析了情报学当前的理论研究动向并对未来的研究趋势进行了探讨。在新世纪里,情报学研究有待于进一步的突破,时代的特征给情报学的研究带来新的内容与工具,给情报学发展以新的动力与平台,情报学能否在这个平台上有所作为,情报学研究进展如何满足人们对情报学的需求与期待,将决定情报学未来的前途。     

民办大学计算机信息技术教学方法探析

在信息技术飞速发展的时代,用人单位对大学毕业生的计算机应用能力要求有增无减。大学计算机信息技术这门课涉及到计算机硬件、软件、网络、多媒体、数据库等有关计算机的各个方面,知识点多,面很广,而民办大学学生存在学习主动性不高、自学能力弱、基础差等特点。本文主要针对如何在民办大学中上好大学计算机信息技术这门课进行了探讨。     

2007-2011年我国情报学研究热点分析

以《中国学术文献网络出版总库》为数据来源,基于对近五年情报学核心期刊的关键词进行统计分析,析出各年的高频关键词,并借用布拉德福定律、共词分析法确定近五年情报学的研究热点,进而阐述研究热点产生的原因和情报学未来的发展趋势,将情报学研究推进到一个新的高度、新的阶段。     

Engaging the Business/Industrial Sector in Accessibility Research: Lessons in Bridge Building

This article examines challenges of engaging the business/industry sector in research on the use of information technology to enhance accessibility for people with disabilities in two areas of common interest—to employment and to public and retail services. The data presented arise from the joint effort of two research teams who independently encountered challenges in engaging private sector firms in their respective projects. Using a case study approach, the experiences of both groups were examined for themes representing factors that inhibited collaboration between research and business sectors, and those that enhanced collaboration. Trustworthiness of themes was established by submitting them for critique and feedback to key informants knowledgeable in both business and research. From a social systems theory perspective, findings suggest that the most important differences between research and business systems reside in the meaning of communication each uses, and differences in assumptions about and value placed on factors such as pursuit of new knowledge, the importance of marketability of findings, and so on. Additional complications arise in pursuit of research related to disability. Factors to build on when seeking research collaboration include an understanding of the language and culture of business systems, and the very real possibility of developing disability research into secondary goals that business systems typically pursue once the prime need for profitability has been at addressed (the notion of satisficing). Implications for communication between disability research and business systems are identified.