Information and Communication Technology Challenges to Scientific Professional Identity

Increasingly, information and communication technology (ICT) uses are transforming professional activities and interactions in ways that challenge traditional assumptions about professional identity. In this article, we consider the ways in which the professional identities of research scientists in oceanography and marine biology are shaped by the use of ICTs. We draw empirical data from an ongoing study of scientific research collaborations that examines uses of basic communication technologies, as well as scientific technologies with embedded ICT components. Our analysis suggests that development and use of ICT-enabled scientific technologies are identity enhancing for many scientists, facilitating their development of unique areas of scientific knowledge. ICT-related changes in data collection, collaborative coordination, and scientific interaction also challenge traditional definitions of expertise and professional identity. An examination of these challenges directs attention to the project identities that form around ICT-enabled scientific technologies and the ways that those project identities are enacted through ICTs.     

理性选择方法对宗教研究的贡献

传统经济学的理性选择分析方法,已经在宗教研究中日益广泛地使用,用以分析宗教现象和宗教行为。理性选择方法是宗教研究范式的革命,在宗教理论和政策方面都有创新性贡献。     

科学和技术政策研究进展

科学和技术政策研究是一个学科交叉领域,其目的是探讨政府支持科学和技术发展以及利用科学和技术为社会经济发展服务的理论依据、工具、方法和效果。本文简要介绍了科学和技术政策研究的目的、意义和特点,评述了国际上科学和技术政策研究的理论与方法进展、研究前沿和热点问题。     

国外社交媒体及其信息沟通模式研究

国内外社交媒体大量兴起,成为近年来研究热点。本文系统比较分析国外社交媒体及其信息沟通模式,对我国社交媒体发展具有重要意义。从多维度归纳对比国外几种流行的社交媒体特征,提出交叉圈状型、去中心直线型、交互网状型及弱互动型4种典型信息沟通模式,并综合国外社交媒体发展优缺点,提出8条推动我国社交媒体健康可持续发展的对策建议。     

The information practices and politics of migrant-aid work in the US-Mexico borderlands

Abstract

Numerous organizations work to provide humanitarian aid to undocumented migrants along the US-Mexico border—from running shelters in Mexico to placing water on migratory trails. Resistance to information-sharing between organizations (and to the public), especially through technologically mediated means, is common. However, some organizers and volunteers work across organizational boundaries and share information informally. Information secrecy is often justified by concerns that law enforcement authorities or anti-immigration activists might gain access to information, allowing them to harm, detain or remove migrants, or interfere with humanitarian work. The choices made about the collection and (non)disclosure of information are manifestations of what we call “liminal” information practices: such behaviors are unique to humanitarian volunteers working in the gray, ethical area between law enforcement and humanitarian values and action, and they are guided by the information politics at play within this context.     

决策支持与情报研究

扼要介绍了决策支持系统,着重从社会需要和情报研究本身发展逻辑交叉点上,探讨现代情报研究急待提高的3个问题:树立大情报观;加速基础建设;研究方式的群体化。     

Fostering Multidisciplinary Engagement: Communication Challenges for Social Research on Emerging Digital Technologies 1

Abstract

There is wide agreement on the value of multidisciplinary social research related to information and communication technologies. This paper provides insights into the dynamics at play in these studies, drawing on an in‐depth analysis of exchanges among an international group of experts from many relevant disciplines who participated in a workshop on research into the social implications of emerging digital technologies. In addition to identifying some distinctive new challenges facing this field, the paper suggests how understanding ways to foster productive engagement in discussing and developing issues and joint work could lead to more useful multidisciplinary partnerships.     

灰色系统方法在军事情报研究中的应用

传统的军事情报研究方法存在许多不足。灰色系统方法的创立带来了新的希望。目前灰色系统方法在军事情报研究中的应用主要有三个方面:相关性分析;建立模型进行预测;提供决策性情报。     

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Rural Business Clusters: The Relation Between ICT Adoption and Benefits Derived From Cluster Membership

This study examines the relationships between information and communication technologies (ICT) usage, the benefits a company derives from membership in a rural business cluster, and the success of rural companies. Analysis of 333 rural businesses located in northern lower Michigan showed a strong relationship between (a) ICT adoption and benefits derived from the membership in business clusters, (b) ICT adoption and self-reported business success, and (c) benefits derived from business clusters and business success. Although analysis indicates that these relationships may be industry specific, results suggest that ICT adoption by rural enterprises may have advantages for the region's social capital and business success and may help reduce the digital divide experienced in rural communities.     

基于科技媒体视角的研究前沿识别方法研究与实证

本文提出一种基于科技媒体视角的研究前沿识别与探测方法,能够有效揭示研究前沿的重大研究突破,追踪最新研究进展和发展趋势。以已探测研究前沿或某主题领域最新文献簇作为知识基础,基于科技媒体的新闻报道、评论和观点文章,识别知识基础的施引文献中具有潜在影响力的最新研究成果或进展,进而探测最新研究前沿及其发展趋势,并以CRSIPR-Cas9研究前沿为例进行实证分析。该方法作为科学计量学识别研究前沿的重要补充,有助于情报研究人员和科研工作者更全面准确地识别研究前沿,掌握最新研究动态,也为精细化用户情报服务提供新的思路。     

扎根理论质性研究方法在情报学研究中的应用

扎根理论是在多元理论思潮下一种具有人文精神的质性研究方法,在社会学、人类学、心理学和管理学等众多人文社会学科中已有较为广泛的应用。在阐述扎根理论研究方法的理论基础和操作流程后,重点对其应用于情报学研究的可行性进行分析,并对国外扎根理论在情报学研究中的应用现状及今后研究思路进行总结,以期为今后国内情报学研究引入该方法提供一些参考。     

垂直搜索相关技术在动态科技信息搜集中的应用研究

动态科技信息搜集是情报研究工作的前提和基础,对科技网站的跟踪监视是动态科技信息搜集的常用手段之一,通过及时监测互联网上重要网站的信息来达到信息搜集的目的。垂直搜索是相对通用搜索弓『擎的信息量大、查询不准确、深度不够等提出来的新的搜索引擎服务模式,通过针对某一特定领域、某一特定人群或某一特定需求提供的有一定价值的信息和相关服务;将其应用于动态科技信息搜集,可以大大提高情报研究工作的效率。     

媒体与企业的信息策略研究

本文阐述了信息对企业和媒体生存与发展的作用,在分析信息利弊的基础上,分别探讨了企业针对媒体所应采取的信息策略和媒体针对企业的信息策略。     

文学生产与消费的情报特征与非情报特征

通过对文学生产与消费情报活动的考察分析,认为文学生产与消费中既有情报特征,也存在非情报特征,这种现象表明了文学活动对情报和情报科学的依赖程度。     

调查法在我国图书情报学研究中的应用回顾及展望

利用文献调查法、历史研究法、比较法和归纳分析法,对调查法在我国图书情报学研究中的应用情况作了回顾和展望,发现其存在的问题以及和国外的差距。认为调查法更好的应用,有赖于进一步完善我国图书情报学研究方法论体系．加强研究方法应用的教育和训练,定性和定量方法相结合,以及提高学术出版界对研究方法的重视。     

Bridging the Divide: Building Asia-Pacific Capacity for Effective Reforms

This article spotlights the need to develop capacity for ICT policy and regulation within developing countries. It argues that capacity should to be developed among all stakeholders, not solely within government agencies, because that would enable effective participation by many players in the regulatory process. The resulting participatory regulatory process will in turn increase accountability and procedural legitimacy. The article examines different approaches to developing in situ expertise, especially just-in-time learning and open-source research.     

MEC理论在信息产品及服务设计中的应用研究述评

手段目的链理论通过用户个人感知来解释产品或服务手段与目的间的因果关系。本研究对手段目的链的理论发展以及在信息产品及服务设计中的应用进行述评,并对该理论在信息产品及服务设计中的应用领域进行展望。研究发现,现有研究主要集中在信息产品及服务的概念设计、属性研究和质量研究三大方面。此外,在信息产品及服务设计中运用手段目的链理论的研究方法有待完善,对于新兴的研究领域需要给予一定的关注。未来研究可以在决策支持、人机交互、信息组织和战略管理等领域进行深入探究。     

对提高历史教研组活动有效性的思考

新课程改革的实施,要求学校必须将教学研究重心下移到教研组活动这一环节上来。如何提高学校历史教研组活动的有效性,是目前迫切需要解决的问题。     

科研伦理规范发展史初探

人类自出现以来,就开始了探索自然和自身的活动,科学研究在这些活动中萌芽;随着科学研究的不断发展,研究中的道德问题开始凸显出来,科研伦理规范随之而生。根据科学研究活动发展过程中表现出来的不同特点,科研伦理规范分为四个发展时期,即前科研伦理规范时期、科研伦理规范孕育时期、科研伦理规范形成和初步发展时期及科研伦理规范蓬勃发展时期。     

个人信息管理理论研究述评

随着信息管理理论和技术的发展,人们逐渐重视个人信息管理的理论及实践应用。本文运用综述的方法,主要梳理了国内外关于个人信息管理理论与实践发展历程和现状,进一步分析了国内个人信息管理研究领域的不足,以期推动我国个人信息管理研究的发展。