开展科学小课题研究培养学生的科学素养

在小学五、六年级学生中开展科学小课题研究活动，促使学生不断提出问题、分析问题、解决问题，有利于培养学生的创新精神和实践能力，逐步形成一定的科学素质与人文素养。     

精心设计情境,培养幼儿科学素养

现代科学的发展和社会的进步要求我们对幼儿进行科学素质的早期培养。基于新颖性的真实项目、多种感觉的表征、浸润性的物理环境以及基于幼儿共同经验的情境设计符合幼儿的认知特性。科普游戏、田园体验、科学探究、科学故事等具体情境都有助于培养幼儿的科学素养。     

科学发展观与生产力概念的再认识

关于生产力的定义问题，无论从广义的角度还是狭义的角度都有多种不同观点，这些对生产力的理解直接影响着人们对发展的认识。而“生产力是人们征服自然，改造自然的能力”这一观点则成为我们对生产力概念理解的主流观点。但在这种观点的影响下，我们的发展正陷于一系列的“发展危机”中。因此，我们必须站在“引起、调整和控制人和自然之间的物质变换过程的物质力量”的角度来理解“生产力”及“生产力”的发展．从而确立我们全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观。     

Literacy Through the Book Arts

Children as readers and writers-and now as book artists too. Paul Johnson shows how children can be helped to learn the skills of book-making, thus empowering them as writers and illustrators by helping them to become the creators of beautiful books. The story grammars of different cultures include the way a story is laid out for people to read; Paul Johnson describes book designs from various cultures and shows how different book forms require children to read and tell stories in certain ways. Illustrations of various designs are shown within the article.     

Promoting Early Literacy Through Professional Development For Childcare Providers

This study investigated the potential benefits of offering childcare providers professional development to promote preliteracy skills in young children. It was hypothesized that direct instruction to providers, through rigorous training and mentorship, would increase children's opportunities for reading success and thus, enhance their preliteracy skills. The BUILDING BLOCKS for Literacy program followed recommendations made by the National Research Council, which included shared book reading, phonological awareness, and relationships between speech and print. Sixty-seven providers from 44 settings were trained and mentored over six months. Preliteracy skills of 88 children from those settings were assessed before and after the training. A control group of children was also assessed during the same time frame. Results demonstrated that target children showed significantly greater preliteracy gains than did controls. More importantly, a larger proportion of target children rose from below to above a level considered at risk for reading failure. Implications and recommendations are discussed.     

Evaluating Approaches to Physical Literacy Through the Lens of Positive Youth Development

The potential of physical activity and sport programs to promote positive youth development (PYD) is well-recognized among youth sport researchers and practitioners. More recently, physical literacy has gained traction among sport organizations as an important component of long-term athlete development. With conceptual roots in academic writing, two approaches to physical literacy emerged: a holistic approach, encompassing cohesive developmental processes and outcomes; and a performance-driven approach, focused largely on physical competencies and performance. This article will evaluate the dual approaches to physical literacy through the lens of PYD. By pairing the theoretical foundation of the holistic approach with the attention to measurement in the performance-driven approach, we subsequently propose an integrated approach to physical literacy grounded firmly in sport and physical activity PYD research. Guided by this approach, we offer key insights and practical recommendations for the implementation of programs that seek to foster both physical literacy and PYD.     

隐喻的科学方法含义

隐喻是一种修辞方法和修辞技巧，隐喻作为科学思维方法还处在探索阶段，本文探索了隐喻方法在现代科学发展中的成功范例、隐喻方法应用的基础理论、隐喻方法是横向思维的基本方法、隐喻方法在科学领域中的功能和作用等问题。     

开发生物课程资源 培养学生科学素养

科学素养是一个人综合素质和能力的体现,良好的科学素养是一个人成功的基石.借助生物新课程资源,对高中生的科学方法、科学精神、科学情感等科学素养进行培养的具体方法进行以下分析.     

Developing Scientific Literacy in a Primary School

The science education literature demonstrates that scientific literacy is generally valued and acknowledged among educators as a desirable student learning outcome. However, what scientific literacy really means in terms of classroom practice and student learning is debatable due to the inherent complexity of the term and varying expectations of what it means for learning outcomes. To date the teacher voice has been noticeably absent from this debate even though the very nature of teacher expertise lies at the heart of the processes which shape students' scientific literacy. The research reported in this paper taps into the expertise of (participating) primary teachers by analyzing the insights and thinking that emerged as they attempted to unravel some of the pedagogical complexities associated with constructing an understanding of scientific literacy in their own classrooms. The research examines the processes and structures within one primary school that were created to provide conditions to allow teachers to explore and build on the range of ideas that presently inform the scientific literacy debate. The research reports these teachers' views and practices that shaped their actions in teaching for scientific literacy.     

The Literacy Component of Mathematical and Scientific Literacy

This opening article of the Special Issue makes an argument for parallel definitions of scientific literacy and mathematical literacy that have shared features: importance of general cognitive and metacognitive abilities and reasoning/thinking and discipline-specific language, habits-of-mind/emotional dispositions, and information communication technology strategies to prepare people for adult life and democratic citizenship. These frameworks provide potential insights into research and pedagogy. Furthermore, they provide guidelines for second-generation standards, curriculum development and assessment so as not to overlook or underemphasize the fundamental literacy component of mathematical and scientific literacy for all students, which can result in fuller participation in the public debate about science, mathematics, technology, society, and environment issues.     

Young Children's Knowledge Building and Literacy Development Through Knowledge Forum®

This study examined how the use of Knowledge Forum (KF)®, a networked, Internet-based learning environment, was related to the literacy development of 4-year-old children in a laboratory school affiliated with the University of Toronto. Over the course of the year, children participated in a longitudinal photo journal project. With adult support, children posted their photo journals and ideas to KF® in the form of electronic “notes”, which allowed children to view each other's work and to build on ideas by posting their responses and comments. A comparison group employed a paper-only format to write notes about their photos. Results showed that children were motivated to read others' notes and to respond using invented spelling. There were gender differences in the number of notes posted. Implications of the study are discussed regarding the motivation for literacy among boys and girls and the benefits of having electronic archives of literacy development.     

隐喻何以成为科学的工具

对科学隐喻的认识,是一个从排斥到接受逐步转变的过程.时至今日,许多科学哲学家已经承认了科学隐喻的认识论和方法论意义.在科学认知中,科学隐喻发挥着命名、解释和理论建构三大功能,具有共识性、统一性、完整性和参与性的特征.     

以科学发展观将党的先进性建设向前推进

贯彻落实科学发展观是党的先进性建设的一项重大任务，党的先进性建设为贯彻落实科学发展观提供了组织和机制保证，正确把握党的先进性建设和科学发展观的关系对于构建和谐社会具有重大的现实意义。     

坚持科学发展观强化校风建设

新时期高校校风建设必须在科学发展观的指导下,坚持作风建设、教风建设和学风建设相结合,以优良的干部作风带动教风,以优良的教风带动学风,从而形成优良的校风。     

从PISA2015科学素养测评看数学素养的重要性

本文从PISA2015科学素养测评科学地解释现象、设计与评估科学探究实验、科学地解释数据和证据三个方面分析数学素养在科学领域的应用,并给出在学校教育中综合提升学生科学素养与数学素养的一些建议。     

浅谈医学生科学素养的培养

优秀医疗卫生人才的缺乏是制约我国医疗事业快速发展的重要因素。医学生不仅需要专业的医学知识,操作技能,而且还必须具备一定的科研能力。但是,目前我国很多医学院校,对医学生科研能力的培养不够重视,使得医学生的科学素养水平不高。因此,需积极探求提高医学生科学素养的有效途径,以使医学生能够更好的发展。     

Rethinking the Role of Information Technology-Based Research Tools in Students’ Development of Scientific Literacy

Given the central place IT-based research tools take in scientific research, the marginal role such tools currently play in science curricula is dissatisfying from the perspective of making students scientifically literate. To appropriately frame the role of IT-based research tools in science curricula, we propose a framework that is developed to understand the use of tools in human activity, namely cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT). Accordingly, IT-based research tools constitute central moments of scientific research activity and neither can be seen apart from its objectives, nor can it be considered apart from the cultural-historical determined forms of activity (praxis) in which human subjects participate. Based on empirical data involving students participating in research activity, we point out how an appropriate account of IT-based research tools involves subjects’ use of tools with respect to the objectives of research activity and the contribution to the praxis of research. We propose to reconceptualize the role of IT-based research tools as contributing to scientific literacy if students apply these tools with respect to the objectives of the research activity and contribute to praxis of research by evaluating and modifying the application of these tools. We conclude this paper by sketching the educational implications of this reconceptualized role of IT-based research tools.