Make a drawing. Effects of strategic knowledge,drawing accuracy,and type of drawing on students’ mathematical modelling performance

Drawing strategies are widely used as a powerful tool for promoting students’ learning and problem solving. In this article, we report the results of an inferential mediation analysis that was applied to investigate the roles that strategic knowledge about drawing and the accuracy of different types of drawings play in mathematical modelling performance. Sixty-one students were asked to create a drawing of the situation described in a task (situational drawing) and a drawing of the mathematical model described in the task (mathematical drawing) before solving modelling problems. A path analysis showed that strategic knowledge about drawing was positively related to students’ modelling performance. This relation was mediated by the type and accuracy of the drawings that were generated. The accuracy of situational drawing was related only indirectly to performance. The accuracy of mathematical drawings, however, was strongly related to students’ performance. We complemented the quantitative approach with a qualitative in-depth analysis of students’ drawings in order to explain the relations found in our study. Implications for teaching practices and future research are discussed.     

You are good at drawing,Peter说课稿

一、说教材 1．教材分析及设计理念 本节课是义务教育课程标准实验教科书小学《英语》六年级下册第一课。课型为英语对话课,主要内容是关于个人的爱好和特长。经过小学三年的学习,六年级的学生已对英语有了较浓的兴趣和良好的学习习惯,大多数学生的听、说、读、写等综合语言运用能力在一级水平左右,具备了初步的英语操作运用能力。     

You are good at drawing,Peter.说课稿

一、说教材1.教材分析及设计理念本节课是义务教育课程标准实验教科书小学《英语》六年级下册第一课。课型为英语对话课,主要内容是关于个人的爱好和特长。经过小学三年的学习,六年级的学生已对英语有了较浓的兴趣和良好的学习习惯,大多数学生的听、说、读、写等综合语言运用能力在一级水平左右,具备了初步     

Do drawing tasks improve monitoring and control during learning from text?

In two experiments it was investigated how drawing as a monitoring task affects self-regulated learning and cognitive load. To this end, participants (Exp. 1: N = 73, Exp. 2: N = 69) were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. In the experimental condition, students were asked to read an expository text on the formation of polar lights consisting of five paragraphs, whereby, after each paragraph, they had to create a drawing of the text's content. In the control condition, students read the same text, but performed no drawing task. In both conditions, students had to give judgments of learning (JoLs) after each paragraph and after reading the whole text as well as rate their cognitive load. Then, they were asked to select paragraphs for restudy. In Experiment 1, participants continued with an assessment of their learning outcomes immediately after their restudy selection, whereas in Experiment 2 they were first given the opportunity to actually restudy the selected paragraphs before working on the posttest. Results of both experiments indicate that JoLs rather than cognitive load predicted posttest performance. Moreover, students in the drawing condition compared with the control condition exhibited more accurate (relative) monitoring in Experiment 1 in that their JoLs were more strongly related to performance. Moreover, JoLs predicted students' restudy decisions in both experiments; however, this effect was by-and-large independent of whether they had to draw. Overall, results hint towards the potential of drawing to support metacognitive monitoring.     

Do emotions and prior performance facilitate the use of the learner-generated drawing strategy? Effects of enjoyment,anxiety, and intramathematical performance on the use of the drawing strategy and modelling performance

The use of self-generated drawings has been found to be a powerful strategy for problem solving. However, many students do not engage in drawing activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of the enjoyment of the drawing strategy, anxiety about the drawing strategy, and prior intramathematical performance on the use of the drawing strategy and modelling performance. We explored the role of the drawing strategy as a mediator between emotions and modelling and whether intramathematical performance moderated the effects of emotions (N = 220, mean age 14.5 years). Enjoyment and anxiety with respect to generating drawings and intramathematical performance predicted the use of the drawing strategy. Enjoyment positively affected modelling performance indirectly via the use of the drawing strategy. Anxiety negatively affected modelling performance via the use of the drawing strategy for students with lower intramathematical performance. Our findings demonstrate that experiencing activating emotions (i.e., enjoyment and anxiety) with respect to strategies and prior intramathematical performance are important for strategy use and modelling performance. Implications for the theory of self-generated drawing and the control-value theory of achievement emotions and practical implications for training and supporting the drawing strategy are discussed.     

Is drawing after learning effective for metacognitive monitoring only when supported by spatial scaffolds?

Instructional Science - In this study, we investigated whether drawing after learning supports metacognitive monitoring especially when students are supported in their drawing efforts. Therefore,...     

“When I’m drawing,I see pictures in my head.”: secondary school students constructing an image of the past by means of a drawing task and a writing task

The past is not in the classroom to observe and study. Thus, creating a lively and understandable image of a past period or situation is an achievement to be learned. A variety of tasks can be used to stimulate students to create an image of the past. In this experimental study, 151 grade 9 students (14–16 years old) participated by completing a drawing task or a writing task on the Roman Forum in Ancient Rome. Their products were compared. Additionally, the students’ perceptions of the tasks were explored by means of a questionnaire and an interview. The findings show that the written products contained more information elements than the drawings. However, in terms of the historical plausibility of the product, the drawn products and written products were comparable. Students who made a drawing reported higher situational interest than students who wrote a text.

     

The effects of different drawing materials on children’s drawings of positive and negative human figures

Children tend to use certain drawing strategies differentially when asked to draw topics with positive and negative emotional characterisations. These effects have however only been established when children are asked to use standard drawing materials. The present study was designed to investigate whether the above pattern of children’s response when drawing characterised figures would alter when children are asked to use different drawing materials. One hundred and thirty‐two children (69 boys and 63 girls) aged between four and 11 years were divided into two conditions and completed two counterbalanced test sessions, rating colour preferences and drawing characterised figures using either stick or block crayons. It was found that some drawing strategies varied in relation to drawing materials and in relation to the precise characterisation employed. The results are discussed in terms of the need for interpretations of emotional information in children’s drawings to take account of the exact materials used.     

Can we further improve tablet-based drawing to enhance learning? An empirical test of two types of support

Instructional Science - Digital drawing can foster learning, but only if the drawing is of sufficient quality. Hence, the focus of the present study was to investigate whether and how two types of...     

What mothers do: everyday routines and rituals and their impact upon young children’s use of drawing for meaning making

This paper draws upon evidence from a three‐year longitudinal study of young children drawing across home, pre‐school and school. The study shows how the belief systems of significant adults and more able peers/siblings impact upon the child’s access to, use of and beliefs about drawing. Concentrating upon the children when in the Foundation Stage (aged between three and five), the paper highlights:

• the importance of the mother’s role in organizing the home space, the child’s time and his or her access to materials;

• gendered responses to an environment in which the mother is a constant presence in comparison with the limited presence of the father.

     

Microstructure and hardness of Cu-12% Fe composite at different drawing strains简

Cu-12% Fe （in weight） composite was prepared by casting, pretreating, and cold drawing. The microstructure was observed and Vickers hardness was measured for the composite at various drawing strains. Cu and Fe grains could evolve into aligned filaments during the drawing process. X-ray diffraction （XRD） was used to analyze the orientation evolution during the drawing process. The axial direction of the filamentary structure has different preferred orientations from the radial directions. The strain of Fe grains linearly increases with an increase in the drawing strain up to 6.0, and deviates from the linear relation when the drawing strain is higher than 6.0. With an increase in the drawing strain, the microstructure scales of Fe filaments exponentially decrease. The density of the interface between Cu and Fe phases exponentially increases with an increase in the aspect ratio of Fe filaments. There is a similar Hall-Perch relationship between the hardness and Fe filament spacing. The refined microstructure from drawing deformation at drawing strains lower than 3.0 can induce a more significant hardening effect than that at drawing strains higher than 3.0.     

Using action research to explore the role of the international academic consultant: drawing on participants’ perceptions in a teacher development project in Pakistan

This paper problematises the involvement of the UK academic consultant in professional development projects among teachers in a developing, low-income nation. The context for this exploration was a four-year project in Pakistan in which I gave input as a UK consultant. My over-arching research question was: What was the value of my work as international academic consultant in providing professional development for teaching and learning in Pakistan? I gained insights into the issue through asking participants their perceptions, reflecting on these, acting on insights and then asking more questions in a continuous cycle of action and reflection. Participants in this case were head teachers and senior teachers from a range of private schools in Pakistan, including some of the wealthiest school chains. My findings were that participants did value the presence of the international consultant because they believed s/he had access to more valuable knowledge than local experts in many respects. However, participants valued the chance for activities and dialogue among their professional compatriots most of all.