断裂与整合：冯特心理学思想的哲学源考

尽管传统上心理学家只推崇一个人（即心理学创始人威廉·冯特）和一个日期（即心理学的创建年1879年）。但是仅仅把冯特囿于心理学单一视阈来考量,势必造成冯特在更广阔学术范围内的建树被遮蔽。倘若对冯特进行一次真实的学术的本色还原,那么冯特的贡献,更多体现在哲学方面,心理学仅仅是其宏大哲学建树的一个注脚。     

论冯特心理学体系“两个世界”的划分

在科学心理学史上,冯特是一个不可或缺的奠基性人物。他不仅创建了该学科,而且创建了一个包含＂分裂＂的心理学思想体系,这已为心理学界所＂共识＂。但是冯特心理学体系＂两个世界＂的划分并不符合其原初的学术诉求,其＂两个世界＂亦绝非并列的关系,反而恰恰是一种不断演进、不断超越的生成关系,其间统觉对超越的实现发挥了功不可没的重要作用。     

实验内省法回顾

冯特建立了科学心理学,他主张使用科学内省法或实验内省法来分析人类心理活动。冯特的继承者铁钦纳对内省法的使用比冯特更加严格而且复杂,使得内省法达到了顶峰。在行为主义兴起后,内省法一度衰落。不过,当今新兴的意识科学对内省法又再度重视。文章回顾了冯特、铁钦纳的实验内省法的历史渊源、发生发展和衰落历程,并对其潜在的价值进行了讨论。     

冯特的《民族心理学》：体系、理念及本土意义

冯特的《民族心理学》包括四个主要部分 :原始人 ;图腾制度 ;英雄与神的时代 ;人性的发展。冯特的民族心理学研究为心理学开拓了一个十分广阔、亟待开展的新领域。受冯特研究之启 ,我国心理学家在我国西南和西北地区做了许多民族心理的实证研究 ,取得了一定的研究成果。但目前仍存在民族心理研究底子薄 ,研究人员少 ,研究条件差等诸多困难与问题 ,这既不利于民族心理学的发展 ,也不利于各民族的发展。对于一个民族大国而言 ,民族心理研究亟待加强。     

冯特的《民族心理学》

冯特不仅是科学心理学的奠基人,也是民族心理学的创建者。他的十卷巨著《民族心理学》在全世界学术界极负盛名,近几年亦引起我国学术界的注意。他的巨著于短期内很难译出并出版发行。文章扼要介绍其内容并予以初步分析。全文主要分四个部分,即:1.原始人;2.图腾制度;3.英雄和神的时代;4.人性的发展。     

冯特的历史遗产

在西方心理学史上,冯特被公认是心理科学的建立者,组织者和系统者。尽管他有崇高的声望和影响,可是他的名字现在除少数一些心理学家及学者知道外,很少有人了解。而不同学者对他的系统的总结会得出不同的冯特来,大部分心理学家都感到冯特的心理学范围过于狭隘。所以有必要重新总结并估量他的工作,即他留给我们的丰富的历史遗产,尤其他把心理研究与社会学,人类学,历史等结合起来,写出了《民族心理学》这部名著。     

意动心理学与内容心理学之比较

布伦塔诺和冯特关于意动与内容之争开创了随后的构造主义和机能主义对立之先河，对20世纪的心理学影响巨大。冯特认为心理学的研究对象是感觉、情感等心理或意识经验的内容，而布伦塔诺则认为心理学的研究对象是心理及其活动，即意动；冯特把自然科学的实验法融进传统的内省法，而布伦塔诺认为意动是心理活动过程，要以反省来加以观察；冯特从心理元素是个简单的心理过程的基础上提出情感三度说，布伦塔诺根据意动指向对象的不同方式，将心理现象分为表象、判断、爱憎三类。     

试论冯特心理学的几种对立倾向

作为科学心理学历史上的第一种样态,冯特心理学是包容的与综合的,而不只是科学主义的,它包含客观与主观、元素与整体、说明与理解、逻辑与直觉等对立倾向于一身,形成了一个充满矛盾的思想体系,预示了心理学日后发展无限的可能。     

从恩格斯的预言到冯特的胜利

本文从恩格斯的预言论及冯特的胜利，力求探索心理学与哲学、与实证科学的相互关系，深入理解心理学的科学本性，关注心理学与哲学的命运。     

对科学精神影响心理学发展的思考

本文从心理学科学化视角，阐述科学精神的作用，理性、怀疑和批判的精神促使心理学家不断地视既成的理论和方法，大胆质疑、不断创新、引导心理学科学化的进程。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…