真菌与慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉发病的关系探讨

目的：探讨真菌与慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉发病的关系。方法：回顾分析2005．1-2005．8月在我科住院48例慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者的临床资料。结果：48例患者真菌过敏原皮试阳性9例；鼻分泌物涂片嗜酸细胞阳性31例，真菌阳性13例，鼻窦CT窦腔实变，呈云雾状或有散在钙化点6例，其中1例上颌窦腔扩大，窦壁骨质吸收；病理检查均证实鼻息肉诊断，真菌阳性6例，变应性真菌性粘蛋白阳性4例，组织内均无真菌侵袭。所有48例患者术后随访6个月以上，有效率为93．8％。结论：真菌是鼻窦炎鼻息肉的致病因素之一，术前确诊变应性真菌性鼻窦炎非常必要。     

鼻息肉患者嗜酸性粒细胞及肥大细胞脱颗粒电镜观察

目的:为了解活化的嗜酸性粒细胞及肥大细胞的脱颗粒情况,应用透射电镜观察嗜酸性粒细胞及肥大细胞的形态变化、颗粒情况及脱颗粒类型,借此探讨嗜酸性粒细胞及肥大细胞在鼻息肉发病机制中的作用,找到一种预防鼻息肉的好方法.方法:鼻息肉组10例,鼻息肉组织来自2001年我科住院做鼻内窥镜手术的多发性鼻息肉病人,男6例,女4例.正常对照组5例,选取同期因鼻外伤住院病人,男4例,女1例.所有组织均在鼻内窥镜下采取,病变组取息肉组织,对照组取下鼻甲组织,标本迅速放入10%甲醛液及4%戊二醛液固定,分别供光镜及电镜检查备检,HE染色及常规电镜制片.结果:光镜下可见大量炎性细胞浸润,以嗜酸性粒细胞为主,主要位于黏膜下,小血管周围;正常对照组炎细胞较少,统计学分析鼻息肉组嗜酸性粒细胞数目明显高于正常对照组,且有显著性差异(P＜0.05).肥大细胞的超微结构特点:正常对照组多为正常肥大细胞,大小基本一致,胞浆内多为高电子密度颗粒,表面可见微绒毛,无空泡形成;鼻息肉组:绝大多数为脱颗粒肥大细胞,表现为颗粒变大、电子密度减低、颗粒间相互融合、颗粒与胞膜融合、空泡形成.另外在息肉组织内可见浆细胞存在,有一较大的核,核内异染色质呈斑块状,分布在核周围,胞浆内充满膨大的粗面内质网,说明蛋白合成旺盛.结论:经研究我们发现鼻息肉组织中有大量的炎性细胞浸润,其中以嗜酸性粒细胞最多,而且大部分是活化状态,嗜酸性粒细胞及肥大细胞脱颗粒后释放炎性介质、细胞毒性蛋白及细胞因子等生物活性物质,引起上皮脱落、组织水肿、血管增生,最终导致鼻息肉的发生和发展,鼻腔局部应用皮质类固醇激素可以抑制炎性细胞的聚集和活化,减轻组织中的炎性反应,从而达到控制鼻息肉的目的.     

速止对鼻息肉摘除术后治疗作用的观察

目的 :探讨速止对鼻息肉摘除术后的止血疗效。方法 :对 46例 (3 0例双侧 )鼻息肉手术患者术后应用速止 0 4静脉滴注 ,并与 2 0例 (9例双侧 )鼻息肉应用止血敏滴注作对照 ,观察术后抽除纱条鼻出血情况。结果 :46例中显效 5 9侧 (77 6 3 %) ,有效 1 5侧 (1 9 74%) ,无效 2侧 (2 6 3 %) ,总有效率 97 3 7%。止血效果与对照组相比 p <0 0 5 ,差异有显著性。结论 :速止具有能够更迅速、疗效更确切的止血 ,可作鼻息肉术后常规用药。     

鼻息肉上皮中血管活性肠肽和P物质表达的初步研究

目的:探讨人鼻息肉组织中SP和VIP的表达及意义.方法:采用HE染色、PAS染色和免疫组化方法检测人鼻息肉组织的病理变化及SP和VIP表达.结果:鼻息肉黏膜均有不同程度的改变,实验组与对照组相比基膜明显增厚(P＜0.01);A、C组差别显著(P＜0.05).实验组黏液腺面积与对照组相比差别显著(P＜0.01).SP和VIP免疫反应阳性结构均呈棕黄色,二者在实验组与对照组分布相似.SP阳性纤维分布于血管、腺体周围,可见散在的圆形或椭圆型阳性细胞,部分黏膜下腺体上皮细胞也呈SP阳性;但实验组阳性纤维和细胞明显稀疏.VIP阳性纤维和细胞位于黏膜腺体、血管周围以及部分黏膜上皮和黏膜下腺上皮细胞胞质中,但实验组中VIP阳性纤维着色较深,密度增加.结论:SP和VIP在鼻息肉形成中具有重要的作用.     

生命的清单

五官科病房里同时住进来两位病人．在等待化验结果期间．甲说,如果是癌。就立即去旅行。乙也同样如此表示。结果出来了。甲得的是鼻癌,乙长的是鼻息肉。     

生命的清单

五官科病房里同时住进来两位病人,都是鼻子不舒服。在等待化验结果期间,甲说,如果是癌,立即去旅行,并首先去拉萨。乙也同样如此表示。结果出来了。甲得的是鼻癌,乙长的是鼻息肉。     

功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术96例报告

我科自1994年10月～1996年10月采用内窥镜下鼻窦手术治疗鼻窦炎鼻息肉96例。取得满意效果,现报道如下,借以交流手术体会。1 临床资料与方法 本组96例中,男59例女37例,年龄18～65岁,双侧77例单侧19例。单个鼻窦炎8例前组鼻窦炎32例全组鼻窦炎18例。鼻窦炎伴单发息肉15例,鼻窦炎伴多发息肉17例,复发性息肉6例,术前91例做CT片检查证实。     

生命的清单

五官科病房里同时住进来两位病人,都是鼻子不舒服。在等待化验结果期间,甲说,如果是癌,立即去旅行,首先去拉萨。乙也同样表示。结果出来了。甲得了鼻癌,乙长的是鼻息肉。甲列了一张告别人生的计划表离开了医院,乙住了下来。甲的计划表是:     

生命清单

五官科病房里同时住进来两位病人，都是鼻子不舒服。在等待化验结果期间，甲说，如果是癌，立即去旅行，并首先去拉萨，乙也如此表示。结果出来了。甲得的是鼻癌，乙长的是鼻息肉。     

生命清单

五官科病房里同时住进来两位病人，都是鼻子不舒服。在等待化验结果期间，甲说，如果是癌，他就立即去旅行，并首先去拉萨。乙也同样如此表示。结果出来了。甲得的是鼻癌，乙长的是鼻息肉。     

关于《婚姻法司法解释（三）》有关房屋权属规定的思考

《婚姻法司法解释（三）》关于房屋权属的规定,引发了激烈的争论。随着解释的实施,人们的择偶观、婚姻家庭关系发生了变化。应当正确看待《婚姻法司法解释（三）》的效力、实施与作用,司法解释的适用应建立在正确、全面把握《婚姻法》基本精神和具体规定的基础上。最为重要的是,婚姻当事人需要加强自身的道德约束,树立正确的婚姻家庭观念,认真、严肃地对待婚姻家庭关系。     

城乡家庭资本与子女的学业成就

通过对科尔曼、布迪厄资本理论的综合与扩展,本文分析了城乡家庭经济、文化、社会资本的差异对子女学业成就的影响,得出的结论是:家庭经济、文化、社会资本与子女的学业成就有很强的相关性;城乡间家庭资本存在的较大差距是形成城乡家庭子女学业成就差异的重要因素。本文最后提出了几点关于缩小城乡教育差距的政策建议。     

How Does Parental Reading Influence Children’s Reading? A Study of Cognitive Mediation

Cognitive processes underlying a behavioural outcome (like reading ability) and the impact of familial risk (e.g., for dyslexia) have been studied in isolation. We present a novel design, linking the two avenues. How do familial influences impact on children’s cognitive skills, which subsequently underlie reading development? Participants from the Familial Influences on Literacy Abilities (FIOLA) Project included 373 children and their parents. We considered three causal routes from parental reading and children’s putative cognitive endophenotypes to children’s reading. Path analyses showed that half of parental effects on children’s reading bypassed and half operated through children’s cognitive underpinnings. Spousal correlation was small but significant. Findings do not support a strong hypothesis of cognitive endophenotypes with full mediation. Furthermore, we discuss the use of parental skills as a proxy for offspring’s liability. Finally, familial reading difficulties are not fully accounted for by known cognitive skills, which has implications for dyslexia diagnosis.     

Impact of family abuse on running away, deviance, and street victimization among homeless rural and urban youth

PROBLEM: Various demographic and familial risk factors have been linked to runaway behavior. To date, there has not been a systematic investigation of the impact of size of community on runaway behavior. This study will compare runaways from smaller cities and rural areas to their urban counterparts. METHODS: A convenience sample of 602 adolescents was interviewed between 1995 and August of 1996 in Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas, USA. Multiple regression was used to examine the association between gender, neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, geographic and family structure change, and community size of first runaway to predict age at first runaway, deviant subsistence strategies, and street victimization. RESULTS: Findings indicate that adolescents exposed to neglect (beta=-.20) and sexual abuse (beta=-.16) ran away sooner and were more likely to be victimized on the street. Rural adolescents who experienced higher levels of physical abuse relied more heavily on deviant subsistence strategies (beta=.15) and remained in abusive homes longer (beta=.15) than their similarly situated urban counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Rural youth who have been subjected to elevated levels of familial abuse are at greater risk of deviant subsistence strategies, which increase the likelihood of street victimization.     

家族文化的传承与发扬——刘鹗后人与《老残游记》

《老残游记》作为近代小说名著之一,一直备受海内外学者的关注。在《老残游记》众多的研究者中,刘鹗的后人、家族中成员都对《老残游记》的研究与阐释作出了巨大的努力与贡献。作为家族中人,他们以自己的方式对家族文化作了传承与发扬。     

东晋土族家族文化与文学

家族文化是东晋士族对当时文学产生巨大影响的一个重要因素.首先,东晋士族渊深的家族文化传统是东晋士族能够在文学上取得丰硕成果的深层原因;其次,东晋士族家族文化中的尚文传统更是直接在文学人才的成长、文学创作及文学批评诸方面于文学的发展有直接的影响.     

Students’ perceptions of family influences on their academic motivation: A qualitative analysis

Research examining family influences on student motivation and achievement in school has generally focused on parental influences and has often been limited to one or two variables (e.g., parental expectations or aspirations, parental involvement in schoolwork). In the present study we interviewed high school seniors to examine whether and how family members affected their academic motivation and achievement. Interviews were coded holistically for the strength, affective tone, source, and types of familial influence. Emergent themes from the interview analyses revealed that students perceived a broad range of types and sources of familial influence on motivation. Interviews were divided into five prototypical patterns: Family Obligation, Family Pleasing, Family Support, Aversive Influence, and No Influence. The types of familial influence differed by cultural characteristics (generational status, native country) and by achievement level. Associations between the five patterns of family influence and existing theories of family influence are discussed.     

六朝家族小说的文化阐释

六朝时期小说创作呈现出家族化倾向 ,家族小说的数量虽然不是很多 ,但贯穿整个六朝时期 ,它的兴起与当时独特的政治制度、社会风气等因素密切相关。同一家族内部成员创作的小说作品往往在题材选择、主旨取向上表现出很强的相似性 ,在思想观念、道德评价、审美旨趣上 ,带有鲜明的文化传承性特点。这类作品 ,深深地刻着家族文化的烙印 ,蕴涵着深厚的家族伦理观念 ,它们的传承不息 ,是六朝家族文化繁荣的内在源泉。     

Enhancement and constraint: student-mothers’ experiences of higher vocational education,emotion and time

Student-mothers who study vocationally related higher education programmes are a relatively under-researched group. Specifically, there is a paucity of research into the emotions that these learners experience. This article discusses a qualitative investigation that examined the emotional narratives that a group of vocational student-mothers offered. They were studying for a foundation degree for teaching assistants at a university in the North of England. The student-mothers were largely found to have experienced positive emotions. However, familial and workplace guilt had also been encountered. These emotions emanated from notions about how family and workplace time should be used. Student-mothers managed this cognitive dissonance by stressing the reciprocal relationships that existed between their studies, family lives and school work. However, for many of these learners familial and workplace guilt was a strong and continuing emotion.