公共图书馆开展文化精准扶贫影响因素的实证分析

[目的/意义]对公共图书馆开展文化精准扶贫的影响因素进行探究，依据分析结果探究影响因素作用大小，以期为公共图书馆有效开展文化精准扶贫工作提供借鉴。[方法/过程]基于文献研究法对公共图书馆开展文化精准扶贫过程中的宏观与微观因素拆解，在此基础上使用问卷调查法，利用SPSS20.0进行数据分析得出影响因素主要包括文化精准扶贫政策、文化精准扶贫资源、文化精准扶贫相关服务、文化精准扶贫专业人员、文化精准扶贫参与意愿、文化精准扶贫绩效评估。[结果/结论]分析结果将公共图书馆开展文化精准扶贫过程中的宏观影响因素及其微观影响因素量化，归纳出当前公共图书馆文化精准扶贫工作中政策、资源、服务、专业人员、绩效评估的薄弱之处并提出改善策略。     

Online Information Retrieval in the Public Library:

Public libraries have added access to online intermediary searching and end-user systems, but have not based the decision to do so on in-depth study of needed skills, impact on staff and projected benefit to patrons. If quality online searching is to be provided, methods of staff selection and development need to be seriously considered. The role of the online searcher is defined, as are the qualities, skill and expertise necessary for the job. Guidelines for staff selection are listed under four categories: (1) education, (2) experience, (3) present level of knowledge/skill, (4) general reference ability, Three types of staff training programs are listed: (I) general orientation for all staff (2) training in the fundamentals of online searching, and 3) online searcher development and training. Content requirements !or each of these programs are provided. The need for well planned staff selection and development methods is acute if quality online search service is to be provided in public libraries.     

A Look at Internet Privacy and Security Issues and Their Relationship to the Electronic Job Search:

As more job searchers use the Internet and on-line services, librarians and career services professionals will play a greater role in educating clients about the ethical implications of an electronic job search. In this study, "electronic privacy" will be defined, and laws which govern electronic security as well as reactions to those laws will bc reviewed. Corporate policies on employee electronic accounts will be discussed. Technological methods being used to ensure confidentiality and privacy will be examined, andthe role and responsibility of career services professionals and librarians in training clients on an ethical job search will be addressed.     

Space and the Social Worth of Public Libraries

In spite of the growth of digital information and the resultant questioning by some of the value of public libraries, library usage data indicate there were 497,600,000 more visits to public libraries in 2013 than in 1993. Why do people still visit public libraries in the digital age? While many factors drive people to visit public libraries, one thing that public libraries offer that cannot be duplicated online is physical space. Over the decades, library space has been the glue holding the library universe together even as the specific activities that take inside libraries have evolved. While public libraries do an excellent job of promoting their important role in providing access to information, educational resources, technology, and a host of valuable services, they must also promote the value of public library space itself. This requires more than trotting out numbers; it requires telling compelling stories of how public library space is used and reminding the public that the kind of spaces public libraries provide are, in fact, a vanishing resource. The post-911 tightening of security in public buildings of all sorts—coupled with the increasing privatization of what were once public spaces—has left public libraries as perhaps the last remaining indoor public spaces where an individual can remain from opening until closing without needing any reason to be there and without having to spend any money. Public libraries should promote the uniqueness of their spaces in much the same way that National Parks promote the unique spaces they preserve and make available to the public.     

图书馆网上免费专利信息开发与利用的研究

通过网络调查国内公共图书馆、科研机构图书馆和高校图书馆共计516家图书馆对网上免费专利信息资源不同层次的揭示和利用情况,详细比较分析调查的结果,指出图书馆在专利信息开发利用上存在的问题,就图书馆充分开发利用网上免费专利信息资源提出培养专利信息服务人才、挖掘免费专利信息资源、开展专利信息服务、开发高效的专利信息搜索引擎等建议。     

Communicating the Impact of Free Access to Computers and the Internet in Public Libraries: A Mixed Methods Approach to Developing Outcome Indicators

The U.S. IMPACT studies have two research projects underway that employ a mixed method research design to develop and validate performance indicators related specifically to the outcomes of public access computing (PAC) use in public libraries. Through the use of a nationwide telephone survey (n = 1130), four case studies, and a nationwide Internet survey of PAC users administered through 636 public libraries, this approach will generate generalizable quantitative data on the extent and distribution of the use of public access computing resources, as well as provide rich contextual data that will help understand how people use the computers and Internet connections in public libraries and the impact it has on their lives.     

Books,Children, Dogs,Artists: Library Programs for the Entire Family

The promotion of library resources and services is a continuous process for all libraries, especially hospital family resource center libraries. Like public libraries, a family resource center can utilize programs as a pathway for connecting with and developing awareness of library resources and services available to patient families. This column describes the programs currently offered for All Children's Hospital Johns Hopkins Medicine patient families, marketing initiatives to promote these programs, and utilization of grant funding to supplement a program.     

Providing health information to the general public: a survey of current practices in academic health sciences libraries

A questionnaire was mailed to 148 publicly and privately supported academic health sciences libraries affiliated with Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC-accredited medical schools in the United States and Canada to determine level of access and services provided to the general public. For purposes of this study, "general public" was defined as nonaffiliated students or health care professionals, attorneys and other nonhealth-related professionals, patients from affiliated or other hospitals or clinics, and general consumers. One hundred five (71%) libraries responded. Results showed 98% of publicly supported libraries and 88% of privately supported libraries provided access to some or all of the general public. Publicly supported libraries saw greater numbers of public patrons, often provided more services, and were more likely to circulate materials from their collections than were privately supported libraries. A significant number of academic health sciences libraries housed a collection of consumer-oriented materials and many provided some level of document delivery service, usually for a fee. Most allowed the public to use some or all library computers. Results of this study indicated that academic health sciences libraries played a significant role in serving the information-seeking public and suggested a need to develop written policies or guidelines covering the services that will be provided to minimize the impact of this service on primary clientele.     

Yoga at the Public Library: An Exploratory Survey of Canadian and American Librarians

Results of a 2017 survey of 983 public librarians in the U.S. and Canada show that libraries increasingly provide opportunities for both youth and adults to practice yoga at the library. This article examines how these public library yoga programs work and what impacts they have. Most libraries have limited means to assess the impact of these programs. Nonetheless, over 80% of responding librarians said participation in yoga programs had met or exceeded their expectations, and 60% said yoga programs have brought new users into their libraries. These results suggest that yoga programs in public libraries are having significant effects.     

Instructional practices in Canadian public libraries

This article reports on a national survey of information literacy (IL) instruction in urban and rural public libraries in Canada and public librarians' attitudes towards these services. The survey is the first phase of a study exploring the actual and potential role of Canadian public libraries in developing the public's IL skills. Despite an urgent need to develop such skills, and expectations that public libraries fulfill that role (specifically articulated by the federal government through its “Connecting Canadians” initiative), the real experiences of public librarians and of public library customers may not bear out this expectation. The survey analyzes the role of the public library, as a non-profit institution and primary stakeholder, in advancing federal government information policy. In addition, the study gives voice to a community of professionals expected to fulfill an important federal policy function, but provided with few resources with which to do so.     

Delivering Career and Job Information:

Today's labor market has become increasingly complex. and the average career or job seeker has been left stranded. New information is required at every turn. Libraries are in a position to be a prime player in the delivery of career and job sources and services. Before doing so, however, libraries must have key personnel who: are knowledgeable of labor market and employment trends; develop strong core collections in career and job sources; are well versed in accessing information, including various formats and nontraditional sources; network with other community career/job resources; and market the library's services. In doing so, libraries have the opportunity to provide much of the information required for a career or job search, and in the process can enhance its reputation within the community.     

Electronic vs. Print Reference Sources in Public Library Collections

Summary

The evolution of electronic sources has had a significant impact on reference collections in libraries, and public library reference collections are no exception.

Evaluating, selecting, and organizing sources to meet the needs of public library users has always been a fundamental role of public librarians. However, now they have the added responsibility of evaluating electronic resources and deciding whether the electronic sources will supplement or replace traditional paper reference sources. Issues of authority, accessibility, cost, comfort, and user education must be carefully weighed during this evaluative process.     

宽带普及背景下美国对公共图书馆数字素养教育的支持研究

在美国国家宽带计划出台后,政府重视民众数字素养的提升,把公共图书馆作为数字素养教育的重要机构,给予政策、资金等多方面的支持。在政府的倡导下,与公共图书馆相关的行业协会积极对数字素养教育开展研究,并以此指导公共图书馆。行业协会与商业公司合作,以资源、项目支持着公共图书馆的数字素养教育。我国公共图书馆应重视数字素养教育,以社会弱势群体为重点服务对象,专业组织对此予以声援和引导,同时政府应加大投入,引导全社会支持公共图书馆的数字素养教育。     

图书馆与学习型社会

构建读书型社会的过程就是人类摆脱学习的实用功利行为而逐渐走向阅读愉悦、超越物质追求的精神享受过程；图书馆在读书型社会中是不可替代的信息文献中心，也是保障公民信息公开享有权的最好场所；构建读书型社会是图书馆的自觉追求，并大有可为，倡导读书、吸引读者到图书馆读书是图书馆最日常和基本的责任与义务，同时走普及与提高相结合的工作路线，紧紧围绕“送书下乡工程”和“文化信息资源共享工程”普及与提高的这两个龙头来开展工作。     

An Investigation into the Knowledge and Use of Electronic Library Resources in Jamaican Community Colleges

ABSTRACT

This study used a quantitative survey to investigate the knowledge and use of online databases and the library's online public access catalog by final-year business associate degree students in five selected Jamaican community colleges. The study sought to determine students’ knowledge of electronic library resources, their value for electronic and print resources, the purposes for which students use electronic library resources, the influences on student use of electronic library resources, and the effects of training and instruction. Results from the study indicated that students are increasingly using Internet search engines for research purposes rather than online databases. Results also indicated that electronic library resources such as the OPAC are being underutilized by community college students. It was evident that proper instructional guidance is needed and welcomed by students. The findings of the study are critical to the implementation of policies and procedures geared toward sensitizing school administrators, library professionals, and other stakeholders to the benefits of increasing students’ knowledge and use of electronic library resources. Data will aid administrators in strategic planning and investments pertaining to these resources, and provide recommendations to improve knowledge and use of these resources within libraries. The research illustrates the special needs of community college students in Jamaica, particularly relating to needed instructional programs, in an effort to impart knowledge and promote the use of electronic library resources in these colleges.     

Homelessness and the Ethics of Information Access

Many public libraries have rules against strong body odor, bringing large amounts of luggage into the library, sleeping, and bathing in restrooms. These rules disproportionately affect library patrons who are experiencing homelessness. This article reviews recent literature that considers legal and social justice perspectives on homelessness and libraries, as well as the policies of four urban public library systems. Although these rules may be legal and are widely used, people without homes have no other access to information and thus have an even stronger need for the resources of public libraries than other members of the general public. The author concludes that blocking their access conflicts with the mission of public libraries to provide information to all.     

潜在读者与公共图书馆营销——从社会需求和全民阅读调查结果谈起

图书馆的社会调查不能局限于对持证读者,也不能局限于人们表述出来的信息需求.很多人不了解、不会利用图书馆,而公共图书馆,仅依据现有读者的需求进行文献资源建设和服务设计,也不利于发展读者.图书馆必须让公众对图书馆及其资源与服务有全面的了解.可以借鉴市场营销的理念和方法,如细分读者、需求调查、根据具体需求进行资源建设,提供图书馆服务,注重资源和服务的营销.     

Acquiring Software for the Academic Library

As academic institutions commit to supporting research and teaching through electronic resources, libraries become involved in the collection and delivery of these resources, and national initiatives are being developed which will encourage the dissemination of electronic information in the academic setting. Some libraries already are acquiring software, and in the process, encountering new problems and challenges. This paper describes the impact the change is having on the acquisitions process and suggests how these changes might be addressed. Some new possibilities for acquisitions departments are also outlined.     

基于CADAL数字资源元数据的OpenAPI检索服务系统的设计与实现

[目的/意义]通过设计和开发基于CADAL数字资源元数据的OpenAPI检索服务系统,方便CADAL成员单位把自身资源和CADAL相关资源进行有效地重组和整合,提供给读者新的混搭（Mashup）应用,方便读者检索和利用CADAL相关数字资源,提升读者使用体验。[方法/过程]基于OpenAPI开放技术框架,提供标准的应用程序接口,方便开发者以程序的方式访问CADAL数字资源元数据,以JSON或XML等格式返回检索结果,便于程序数据处理并实现资源整合与资源呈现。[结果/结论]CADAL成员单位利用CADAL OpenAPI接口进行资源整合,读者在第三方应用系统上可以方便地检索出CADAL相关数字资源,提高CADAL数字资源的揭示、呈现和利用率,方便读者对CADAL资源的获取和使用。