跨学科信息查寻行为研究文献综述

[目的/意义]总结跨学科信息查寻行为研究现状,提出跨学科信息查寻行为研究中值得关注的问题,为今后的研究提供一定的参考。[方法/过程]通过梳理国内外跨学科信息查寻行为的相关理论成果,在明确相关概念的基础之上,对跨学科信息需求、信息查寻渠道、信息查寻障碍、信息查寻行为模型等方面进行归纳和总结。[结果/结论]研究认为,未来跨学科信息查寻行为研究可在以下4个方面开展:①结合已有研究,系统发掘跨学科信息查寻行为的影响因素;②在D.Ellis经典模型的基础上,构建跨学科信息查寻行为模型;③结合创造心理学,探讨跨学科信息查寻对跨学科知识创新的影响;④针对跨学科信息查寻行为特征,改进信息服务。     

Health sciences libraries in Kuwait: a study of their resources, facilities, and services

The purpose of this study was to examine the current status of health sciences libraries in Kuwait in terms of their staff, collections, facilities, use of information technology, information services, and cooperation. Seventeen libraries participated in the study. Results show that the majority of health sciences libraries were established during the 1980s. Their collections are relatively small. The majority of their staff is nonprofessional. The majority of libraries provide only basic information services. Cooperation among libraries is limited. Survey results also indicate that a significant number of health sciences libraries are not automated. Some recommendations for the improvement of existing resources, facilities, and services are made.     

Health sciences librarian research and instruction services in pandemic information environments

This study examined research and instruction services provided by academic health sciences librarians in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 205 respondents (N = 205) completed an anonymous online survey about academic health sciences librarian involvement in providing research and instruction services during the global pandemic. In-depth literature searching services (86%, n = 176), curated COVID-19 research through guides (66%, n = 135), and systematic review consultations (53%, n = 109) were reported as the top three research services in demand. Librarians supported online teaching and learning at their institutions by providing online instruction for a course (92%, n = 189), facilitating access to licensed resources (73%, n = 150), and identifying open access and open educational resources (62%, n = 127). Overall, this study contributes to understanding pandemic-responsive academic library services to meet the unique needs of health sciences education and research in evolving COVID-19 pandemic information environments.     

The National Library of Medicine: from MEDLARS to the sesquicentennial and beyond

The two decades since the introduction of MEDLARS and the passage of the Medical Library Assistance Act have been especially eventful in the history of the National Library of Medicine. The library's collections and services have grown to keep pace with the expanding health sciences literature and the needs of health professionals. Networking has emerged as an invaluable method for disseminating biomedical information. NLM has assumed new responsibilities for information services in toxicology, pharmacology, and environmental health, and for research and development in biomedical communications. Research now being carried out by NLM has the potential for enhancing the library's archival programs and for improving information dissemination in support of health sciences research, education, and practice.     

2000-2016年国外突发事件的应急信息管理研究进展

[目的/意义]突发事件的应急信息管理是当前国内外都十分关注的一个跨学科多领域的研究主题,总结国外相关研究文献的研究内容、视角与方法,为国内相关领域的研究提供参考借鉴。[方法/过程]采用文献计量法与内容分析法相结合的方式,按研究内容主题和重点领域对国外突发事件的应急信息管理研究文献进行归纳总结。[结果/结论]从应急信息基本内涵、应急信息沟通、应急信息管理系统和应急信息管理重点领域4个方面着重分析国外突发事件的应急信息管理研究现状,对国内研究的启示包括：应进一步加强跨学科多领域深入研究,加强案例和实证研究,拓展应急信息管理研究内容。     

档案信息服务工程之服务科学

本文在提出档案信息服务工程概念的基础上,引入服务科学理论与方法,探讨档案信息服务科学相关问题.通过对档案信息服务产业化、社会化和个性化等相关研究成果的归纳和分析,发现和总结相关研究中与服务科学相近或相似的思想及其运用情况.进而对档案信息服务科学的构建提出了初步设想并给出了强化服务工程推进档案事业发展的基本思路.     

The National Library of Medicine: from MEDLARS to the sesquicentennial and beyond.

The two decades since the introduction of MEDLARS and the passage of the Medical Library Assistance Act have been especially eventful in the history of the National Library of Medicine. The library''s collections and services have grown to keep pace with the expanding health sciences literature and the needs of health professionals. Networking has emerged as an invaluable method for disseminating biomedical information. NLM has assumed new responsibilities for information services in toxicology, pharmacology, and environmental health, and for research and development in biomedical communications. Research now being carried out by NLM has the potential for enhancing the library''s archival programs and for improving information dissemination in support of health sciences research, education, and practice.     

Effectiveness of a liaison program in meeting information needs of college of pharmacy faculty

This article describes the creation and implementation of focus groups to evaluate the effectiveness of a health sciences library's liaison program of the College of Pharmacy faculty and to better understand the faculty's information needs in order to design new and improved library services. The liaison services support the teaching and research needs of faculty and students through literature research, classroom teaching, and an extensive library collection of pharmacy literature. Focus group results demonstrated a high level of satisfaction with library liaison services and collections. Opportunities exist for expanded interaction with graduate students and greater marketing of library services to increase faculty awareness of specific library programs.     

Effectiveness of a Liaison Program in Meeting Information Needs of College of Pharmacy Faculty

This article describes the creation and implementation of focus groups to evaluate the effectiveness of a health sciences library's liaison program of the College of Pharmacy faculty and to better understand the faculty's information needs in order to design new and improved library services. The liaison services support the teaching and research needs of faculty and students through literature research, classroom teaching, and an extensive library collection of pharmacy literature. Focus group results demonstrated a high level of satisfaction with library liaison services and collections. Opportunities exist for expanded interaction with graduate students and greater marketing of library services to increase faculty awareness of specific library programs.     

为转化医学研究提供信息支撑——医学图情服务的新方向

指出跨学科与转化研究模式的兴起为图书情报学领域提供了新的挑战与机遇,并分析国外图书馆或情报学机构支持转化研究的实践或行动,包括:①转化型研究文献的检索;②临床数据管理;③生物信息学工具与方法支持;④研究合作支持;⑤转化研究的追踪与评估。在此基础上提出国内图书情报服务支持医学转化研究的优先努力方向:①应用文献分析方法测度和揭示转化研究进程;②帮助科研人员寻找最佳的合作研究者;③建立科学家的科研合作信息平台;④设计适合国内转化研究的绩效评估体系。     

学科交叉融合环境下高校图书馆角色定位及服务策略研究

[目的/意义] 研究学科交叉融合环境下高校图书馆的应对策略,为高校图书馆抢抓历史机遇、应对现实挑战提供思路和参考。[方法/过程] 探讨学科交叉融合对高校图书馆的影响,阐述高校图书馆支持跨学科研究和教育的必要性及可行性,分析高校图书馆在学科交叉融合环境下的角色定位和服务策略。[结果/结论] 学科交叉融合影响着高校图书馆馆藏资源、信息组织与检索以及学科服务的质量,支持跨学科研究和教育是图书馆生存发展的必然选择和提升地位的有效途径。凭借跨学科服务基础和中立性质,高校图书馆应作为孕育者、连接者及主导者,做好系统谋划、推动资源建设、促进信息获取、发挥空间优势、深化学科服务,推动高校的跨学科研究和教育健康发展。     

国内与国际跨学科研究人员文献需求的对比分析——以南海争端问题为例

[目的/意义]分析国内与国际跨学科研究人员文献需求的特点并比较异同,为跨学科研究的文献保障工作提供依据,以促进跨学科研究的国际合作。[方法/过程]使用引文分析法,以1998-2016年发表在CSSCI和Web of Science上南海争端相关文章的期刊与图书类引文为样本,从年代分布、被引频次、学科分布与出版机构等方面,分析国内与国际南海争端研究引文的特点与差异。[结果/结论]国内研究对较新中文期刊和经典外文图书依赖度高,中文图书缺乏国际认同。南海争端研究整体偏向人文社会科学领域,但国际研究较国内研究在引文学科的分布上更加广泛与均衡。权威、主流出版社是国内与国际研究共同的选择,少数研究机构出版社开始进入了跨学科研究者的视野。     

高校图书馆人文社科学科服务的思考和实践——以清华大学图书馆哲学学科服务为例

[目的/意义]人文社科和理工科的学科服务工作有各自的特色,高校图书馆如何做好人文社科学科服务值得探讨。[方法/过程]通过文献调研了解国内人文社科学科服务研究和实践,总结人文社科学科特点,重点介绍清华大学图书馆哲学学科服务实践。[结果/结论]长期存在的重理轻文的潜意识对人文社科学科服务依然有负面影响。人文社科学科服务实证研究偏少。清华大学图书馆人文社科学科服务践行全覆盖、个性化、重细节、有情怀的学科服务理念,从基础工作开始,扎实推进,支撑学科发展,扩大学科影响,促进人文思想的普及和传播。     

GIS and the humanities: Presenting a path to digital scholarship with the Story Map app

ABSTRACT

Working collaboratively, a scholarly resources librarian and a subject liaison librarian at a small, public liberal arts college have created a GIS story mapping workshop for fellow information professionals. Using GIS, the librarians are bridging the gap between humanities and sciences in a liberal arts environment. The librarians' experience of being introduced to GIS and creating training for others enabled them to support their library's data services and digital scholarship initiatives. By helping connect the humanities with science and technology using story maps, librarians can create a neutral environment for learners to conduct interdisciplinary research and develop spatial literacy.     

基于引文耦合和概念格的学科交叉知识结构探测

[目的/意义]提出基于引文耦合和概念格的学科交叉知识结构探测方法。[方法/过程]利用Sci²工具获取情报学与计算机科学的学科交叉耦合文献,利用ConExp1.0工具构建两学科交叉知识概念格;通过概念格关联规则挖掘和层次聚类,将两学科的学科交叉知识结构细分为8个研究主题,揭示各研究主题的关联特征和对应的核心作者。[结果/结论]与传统的聚类树相比,该方法结合人类的认知规律描述概念与主题之间的关系,不仅具有较好的层次性可视化效果,而且意义更易于理解,具有更好的解释性。     

Linking Research,Policy, and Activism

This paper explores the role of the reference librarian in an interdisciplinary field bridging scholarly and policy information, and in a library that serves the public, academic, business and policy communities. After considering the nature of women's studies and policy studies, the author reviews recent literature on the changing role of the librarian in providing specialized research and reference services, finding the emergence of a proactive, client-centered, multifunction model. Through an examination of the diverse activities in women's policy issues in Washington DC, the author shows the ability of the librarian to merge reference service, research consultation, outreach, collection development, and bibliographic instruction. In monitoring the field within and outside the library, the librarian becomes established as an independent authority and can offer well-informed service to policymakers, analysts, students, the media and political groups. The paper summarizes the benefits and problems for the librarian and the patrons in this individual approach to public service.     

大数据时代数字图书馆研究述评

[目的/意义]系统梳理国内外大数据时代数字图书馆研究文献,旨在为国内该领域的进一步研究提供借鉴和参考。[方法/过程]采用综合、归纳、比较等方法,从大数据内涵及其对数字图书馆的影响研究、数字图书馆中的大数据技术应用研究、大数据时代数字图书馆建设研究、大数据时代数字图书馆的服务模式4个方面进行述评。[结果/结论]结果表明,相关领域研究取得了不少成果,但也存在一些问题。提出下一步该领域应当关注的研究重点：①明确大数据时代图书馆服务目标;②结合国内外成功案例分析,深入探究影响图书馆信息服务的各种因素,找到大数据促进优化图书馆信息服务的核心要素;③跨学科合作研究;④在研究方法上寻求突破和创新。     

SECONDARY INFORMATION SERVICES FOR SOCIOLOGICAL LITERATURE

The existing secondary information services in English, French and German, pertinent to sociology, are described and their gaps and overlapping of contents are pointed out. Results of selected studies on users' needs, particularly findings on the means by which users gain access to the primary literature, are summarized. Attention is drawn to steps taken by international organizations toward expanding a data base of references to include the social sciences, for use in integrated secondary information services. Three models for such services, and important standardized elements, are outlined.     

基于Rao-Stirling指数的学科交叉文献发现——以纳米科学与纳米技术为例

[目的/意义] 学科交叉文献发现是进行学科交叉研究的重要前提,从海量的文献中快速、精准地发现领域相关交叉文献有助于研究人员快速地把握领域学科交叉动态,识别领域学科交叉研究热点与前沿。提出基于Rao-Stirling指数的领域学科交叉文献发现方法,并以纳米科学与纳米技术领域为例,探讨该方法的可行性。[方法/过程] 在Web of Science数据库下载纳米科学与纳米技术领域文献,构建期刊缩写-全称-学科类别对照表,利用Python编程构建文献参考文献学科分布矩阵,利用R编程计算每篇文献的Rao-Stirling指数进行文献的学科交叉测度,根据测度结果将纳米科学与纳米技术领域文献按照学科交叉程度分为三个水平,以发现领域学科交叉文献。[结果/结论] 基于Rao-Stirling指数的领域学科交叉文献发现方法可以实现领域文献水平的学科交叉测度,并发现学科交叉文献,且该研究方法也同样可扩展到其他研究领域。     

Authorship outlets of academic health sciences librarians.

Journal articles are the most common publication format for U.S. academic health sciences librarians. This is consistent with the findings of other researchers. Of the total publications in this study, 68% were in journals. Watson found that 69% of the academic librarians' publications were published in some type of journal [8]. Similarly, Yerkey and Glogowski found that 67% of the publications in their study were journal articles, although their population consisted of all types of authors of library/information science materials [9]. Both the present study and Watson found that monographs were the second most common publication outlet. Watson found that 16% of the total publications were monographs; the current study identified 14.8% of the total publications as monographs [10]. Although Watson's findings are similar to the newer results, it is important to note that Watson's study was conducted in a different manner and included book reviews, which were not counted in the present study. The health sciences librarians in the present study published more than two thirds of their articles in library/information science journals and 27% in health sciences journals. Similarly, in Yerkey and Glogowski's study, the second-largest number of library/information science articles appeared in medical and health sciences journals [11]. Fang also found that 22.57% of the journal articles on health sciences librarianship or by health sciences librarians were in medical journals [12. This seems to demonstrate the desire of health sciences librarians to communicate with the health professionals. Yerkey and Glogowski that library and information science is an interdisciplinary field, "borrowing and supplying information to and from other disciplines"[13].