美国加州州立大学图书馆见闻

文章介绍了在CSUN图书馆做交换馆员期间的一些感受,分析了国内大学图书馆在基础管理和规范性建设上与美国加州州立大学图书馆存在的差距.希望能对国内高校图书馆工作起一定的借鉴和指导作用.     

A Review of “How to Create and Manage a Mutual Fund or Exchanged Traded Fund: A Professional’s Guide”

Business students comprise a significant proportion of the Library's reference workload at California State University, Long Beach (CSULB). A literature review on business students and their use of libraries provided limited, dated material which indicated that business students are infrequent users of libraries and possessed minimal research skills. CSULB business faculty were surveyed to determine attitudes on student library use and learning. Students were surveyed to determine library attitudes, use, and skills. While library use has increased dramatically over the years, skills needed for independent research have not. Suggested solutions include the targeting of core business courses for instruction and increasing involvement of the faculty.     

The MINITEX Reference Service:

MINITEX is a publicly supported resource sharing network of academic, state agency, and public libraries in Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota. One of its five programs is a backup reference service for staff of participating libraries. Questions which cannot be answered using local resources are usually referred by telephone along with the sources that have been checked     

Public library consumer health information pilot project: results of a National Library of Medicine evaluation

In October 1998, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) launched a pilot project to learn about the role of public libraries in providing health information to the public and to generate information that would assist NLM and the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) in learning how best to work with public libraries in the future. Three regional medical libraries (RMLs), eight resource libraries, and forty-one public libraries or library systems from nine states and the District of Columbia were selected for participation. The pilot project included an evaluation component that was carried out in parallel with project implementation. The evaluation ran through September 1999. The results of the evaluation indicated that participating public librarians were enthusiastic about the training and information materials provided as part of the project and that many public libraries used the materials and conducted their own outreach to local communities and groups. Most libraries applied the modest funds to purchase additional Internet-accessible computers and/or upgrade their health-reference materials. However, few of the participating public libraries had health information centers (although health information was perceived as a top-ten or top-five topic of interest to patrons). Also, the project generated only minimal usage of NLM's consumer health database, known as MEDLINEplus, from the premises of the monitored libraries (patron usage from home or office locations was not tracked). The evaluation results suggested a balanced follow-up by NLM and the NN/LM, with a few carefully selected national activities, complemented by a package of targeted activities that, as of January 2000, are being planned, developed, or implemented. The results also highlighted the importance of building an evaluation component into projects like this one from the outset, to assure that objectives were met and that evaluative information was available on a timely basis, as was the case here.     

The Library of Congress Remote Online Library User Pilot Project:

In August of 1989, the Library of Congress selected fourteen libraries nationwide to participate in a pilot project to test and determine the feasibility and desirability of remote online access to the Library's information system. The California State Library was selected as one of the participant libraries. During the project, State Library staff performed 187 subject searches on various topics in the Library of Congress Information System (LOCIS). LOCIS was easy to search, and contained a variety of useful search features. Overall, staff found access to LOCIS to be a valuable addition to our existing online search services.     

民族地区图书馆在资源共享中存在的问题与对策

图书馆通过自动化、网络化实现资源共享，是图书馆事业发展的重要标志，也是必然趋势。本文在对延边朝鲜族自治州各级公共图书馆文献资源共建共享的现状及存在的问题进行深入剖析的基础上，提出在网络环境下民族地区图书馆实现资源共享的基本思路和对策。     

Reference Services in Rural Libraries

Abstract

The information age has changed libraries of all types and sizes in ways that no one could have predicted. For a rural library, though, changes have been fast and furious and have made a dramatic impact on the very nature of the library and the services the library offers. Rural libraries went from a gathering place for community activities to fully wired information centers in a matter of a few years. The article addresses what these changes mean for reference services-one of the most basic functions of a public library. While people are consuming more information than ever, will the rural library be able to keep up with this demand even with the Internet? The article explores reference services in rural public libraries, using examples from libraries in central and northern Illinois, giving consideration to the nature of reference services, how they have changed over time, and how this compares to small libraries in a metropolitan setting.     

卡内基图书馆计划的回眸与反思

安德鲁·卡内基基于对公共图书馆的深刻认识,通过其基金会斥巨资实施卡内基图书馆计划.由于捐助规模的过分庞大和各社区情况的纷繁复杂,在实施过程中出现一些问题,但该计划仍然取得了巨大成功.卡内基图书馆计划是人类历史上史无前例的慈善行为,其取得的成就与成功经验书写了美国和世界公共图书馆发展史上的神话.其借鉴意义是:中国应当建立完善的慈善制度、法律和法规,加强宏观指导和激励措施,加强慈善事业的管理与监督,充分发挥图书馆协(学)会的地位和作用,正确引导富人捐助公共图书馆事业.表2.参考文献12.     

社会参与图书馆公共服务研究

社会参与图书馆公共服务有利于图书馆服务多元化,有利于构建沟通桥梁,有利于激发馆员的服务热情,同时体现了读者权益。目前,社会参与图书馆公共服务的内容主要包括:参与图书馆的数字参考咨询服务、参与图书馆读者服务、参与图书馆的文化推广活动、参与图书馆的宣传推广服务、参与弱势群体服务、参与全民阅读服务。社会参与图书馆公共服务具有普遍性、多样性,为实现图书馆服务效益最大化提供了帮助。     

美国公共图书馆的青少年教育服务——以美国奥斯汀市公共图书馆体系为例

本文以素有"硅丘"之称的高科技重镇德克萨斯州首府奥斯汀市公共图书馆系统为例,分析探讨了美国公共图书馆富有特色的青少年儿童教育服务项目,以期为我国公共图书馆青少年教育职能开发提供借鉴。奥斯汀市公共图书馆系统青少年适读馆藏数量繁多,教育项目丰富多样,开发了多种形式的数字资源,为青少年提供了多样化的活动空间,以及家庭作业辅导和其他技能培训,不仅培养了青少年阅读习惯和能力,还通过志愿服务等活动培育青少年的社会服务意识和能力。     

国外公共图书馆健康信息服务项目的研究与启示——以EIFL"公共图书馆服务创新项目"为例

[目的/意义]公共图书馆健康信息服务对公众"身心健康"具有积极作用,探析国外公共图书馆健康信息服务项目的建设经验,可为我国公共图书馆开展健康信息服务提供重要启示。[方法/过程]通过调查 EIFL-PLIP国外公共图书馆健康信息服务项目,以 13个发展中国家和经济转型期国家的健康信息服务项目为切入点,分析国外公共图书馆健康信息服务项目在项目主题、项目对象、项目内容、项目效果、项目保障上的实践特点。[结果/结论]我国公共图书馆在健康信息服务方面应进行多元协作,获取外部支持并发挥引导作用;关注需求,考虑用户特点兼重视弱势群体;培养人才,制定培训计划以提升服务技能;打造内容,加强资源建设与丰富服务类型;转变理念,规划试点项目及提升服务形象。     

民族地区图书馆数字化建设两极分化危害之分析

国家民委2007年度科研项目＂中国民族及民族地区图书馆调查与研究＂反映了民族地区图书馆的最新状况.文章将民族地区图书馆分为省级（自治区）图书馆、高等院校图书馆,地市级、市辖区图书馆,自治县、旗基层图书馆3个层次,以网络平台建设、自动化管理、数据库建设为指标,进行横向与纵向的立体交叉比较,分析其数字化建设现状,以具体数字阐明了民族地区图书馆数字化建设的现状：高等级图书馆与县、旗基层图书馆两极分化现象十分严重,数字鸿沟加剧 民族地区基层图书馆服务功能和生存能力的弱化,损伤了当地的文化事业,减弱了基层政权的舆论宣传力度、文化认同程度,减慢了民族共同心理的发展与升华.     

论欠发达地区基层图书馆员的职业能力提升——以贵州省县级公共图书馆阅读推广能力为视点

由于地处贫穷落后地区,贵州省县级公共图书馆在全国一直处于末位发展,因图书馆员职业技能不足导致的服务弱势,加大了经济发展原因造成的服务缺口。解决这一问题的根本出路在于以政府为主导的制度建设、环境建设和资源建设,而基本推动力在于县级公共图书馆馆员在学习型组织建设中,修炼服务技能,实现自我超越。     

国外公共图书馆儿童环境素养教育实践及启示

[目的/意义]梳理总结国外代表性公共图书馆儿童环境素养教育的先进实践,为国内公共图书馆开展儿童环境素养教育提供借鉴思路。[方法/过程]在调研国内外公共图书馆参与儿童环境素养教育实践的基础上,结合儿童环境素养的概念与内容,对4所国外公共图书馆的实践案例进行分析与探究,并构建公共图书馆参与儿童环境素养教育的实现路径。[结果/结论]结合国内公共图书馆的实际情况,从强化顶层设计支撑、实施多元培育策略、遵循内在培育机理及重视培育效果评价4个方面阐述国内公共图书馆优化儿童环境素养教育的建议。     

美国公共图书馆未成年人服务岗位研究——基于ALA招聘网站的内容分析

[目的/意义]通过分析与探讨美国公共图书馆未成年人服务岗位的现状与特征,提出研究公共图书馆未成年人需求及服务的新视角,同时为我国公共图书馆未成年人服务岗位的设置、支撑与发展提供借鉴.[方法/过程]收集美国图书馆协会招聘网站上发布的未成年人服务岗位招聘信息,进而使用内容分析法深入分析美国公共图书馆未成年人服务岗位的岗位描...     

New Tools for Collection Development

Abstract

The Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library in San Jose, California is a unique dual-use library serving the students of San Jose State University and the community of San Jose, California. The reference collections of the two libraries are merged and interfiled to promote ease of access for both populations served. Economies of scale were realized through collaborative collection development activities for major reference purchases between the two institutions. This article describes the planning and creation of the King Library's merged reference collection and reviews the literature of collaborative collection development and merged or interfiled collections.     

Academic Reference Librarians:

Declining levels of financial support for public institutiom, such as colleges and universities in particular, have resulted in reduced staffing in academic libraries. Concurrently, libraries are besi.eged with greater demands from the academic community for access to and instruction in electronic information resources such as the :Internet Emerging organizational structures of academic libraries is discussed Core competencies for academic reference librarians are then1 identified and discussed. 'lhese include a flexible attitude and approach towards technology. a high tolerance for rapid change in technology, creativity, curiosity, communication skills, public relations savvy, and the ability to effectively relate to a diverse clientele.     

Engaging a Wider Community: The Academic Library as a Center for Creativity,Discovery, and Collaboration

Academic libraries have reported long-term declines in circulation, reference transactions, reserves, and in-house library materials usage. Increasingly, libraries are perceived as being less critical to the academic enterprise. Are these trends irreversible? Perhaps public libraries and some innovative academic libraries can provide us with some answers. A 2014 IMLS survey of public libraries reported increased visitation and circulation over the past decade. Community outreach, in the form of programming, and investments in collection development contributed to these outcomes. Purchasing additional public workstations also bore results. This article discusses these and other findings along with ways to re-conceptualize our mission and marketing goals. In addition, it also outlines different strategies for using programming and technology initiatives to help academic libraries reconnect with a broader community paying particular attention to experiences at Montclair State University.     

Providing Access to E-Audiobooks: Help from the Non-Cataloger

There are a growing number of Web sites that offer free e-audiobooks. Providing access to these e-audiobooks can be a challenge for libraries, particularly with shrinking budgets and staff. The author describes a process created at California State University–San Bernardino to re-record and catalog currently popular public domain e-audiobooks with a goal of making the cataloging simple enough that a non-cataloger can perform the task.     

面向2035:建设中国特色世界一流公共图书馆体系

目前我国公共图书馆的设施总量、建筑面积总量和馆藏纸质图书总量三项基础性指标已居世界第一,一所设施平均覆盖人数和电子资源总量两项基础性指标已步入世界先进水平。与英、美、日、韩等国相比,目前我国存在短板,一是基层、农村公共图书馆质量水平低,二是基础资源人均拥有量低,三是体现服务效能的指标差距明显。英、美、日、韩等国公共图书馆步入世界先进水平的历程显示出一些基本规律:公共图书馆事业快速发展有赖于经济快速发展奠定坚实基础,公共图书馆整体跃升到世界先进水平一般经历10—20年,公共图书馆立法是推动事业快速发展的强大动力,加强基层、乡村公共图书馆建设是普遍重视的任务。我国公共图书馆迈向世界一流的重点举措包括:一是建设世界一流卓越公共图书馆群,打造100家主要共性指标处于世界领先水平、中国特色鲜明的标志性公共图书馆,拓展和深化"图书馆之城"建设;二是实施公共图书馆"强县馆"计划,主要包括县级公共图书馆资源保障和服务效能倍增"三步走"计划、县级公共图书馆数字服务能力提升计划;三是实施乡村公共阅读空间提质增效行动,推动农家书屋与县级图书馆总分馆体系融合发展,公共阅读广泛嵌入乡村文旅设施,新型公共阅读空间向乡村延伸。世界一流公共图书馆体系的中国特色主要表现在:公共图书馆事业纳入公共文化服务体系建设总体战略;满足人民文化需求和增强人民精神力量相统一;政府强有力主导公共图书馆体系建设;区域协作、对口帮扶,全国一盘棋促进公共图书馆均衡协同发展。