Reference Costs and Reference Services:

No abstract available for this article.     

Reference

THE COLLECTOR'S GUIDE TO ANTIQUARIAN BOOKSTORES compiled by liodoc Press, Inc. (New York: Macmillan, 1984---$20.75)

TELECOM FACTB00K 1985 (Television Digest, 1836 Jefferson PI., Washington, D.C. 20036---$59.00, paper)

LAW AND LEGAL INFORMATION DIRECTORY edited by Paul and Steven Wasserman (Detroit: Gale Research, 1984---$225)

HANDBOOK OF THE NATIONS compiled by the National Foreign Assessment Center, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (Detroit: Gale Research, 1984---$64.00)     

Reference

No abstract available for this article.     

Reference

INSIDE U.S. BUSINESS: A CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LEADING INDUSTRIES by Philip Mattera (Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1987—price not given)

DICTIONARY OF COMPUTERS, INFORMATION PROCESSING & TELECOMMUNICATIONS by Jerry Rosenberg (New York: John Wiley, 1987—$18.95, paper, with a hardback available as well)     

Reference

TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS AND SERVICES DIRECTORY —ISSUE TWO, edited by John Schmittroth Jr. and Martin Connors (Detroit, Mich.: Gale Research, 1984--$170.00 for the first edition, being issued in three parts, paper)

THE BOOK PUBLISHING ANNUAL: HIGHLIGHTS, ANALYSES & TRENDS (New York: R.R. Bowker, 1984---$49.95)

THE COMPUTER AND BUSINESS EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY MARKETING DATA BOOK (Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association, 311 First Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20001--price not given, paper)

THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF VIDEOTEX, TELETEXT AND COMPUTERS: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY, by Roberto Valdez, et al., and THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TELEPHONES by Elena Pernia, et al. (Honolulu, Hi.: East-West Center, 1984--price not given, but cost covers reproduction and postage, paper)

WHAT'S IN PRINT: THE SUBJECT GUIDE TO MICROCOMPUTER MAGAZINES, by W.H. Wallace (Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania: TAB Books, 1984--price not given, paper)

DICTIONARY OF NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACRONYMS, by M. Gordon, et al. (London: Kogan Page/Detroit: Gale Research, 1984--$56.00)

THE VIDEOTEX MARKETPLACE (Bethesda, Md.: Phillips Publishing, 1984--$97.00, paper)

A VIDEOTEX/TELETEXT BIBLIOGRAPHY (Videotex Industry Association, 1901 Ft. Myer Drive, Suite 200, Rosslyn, VA 22209--$25.00, paper)

AUDIO VIDEO MARKET PLACE: A MULTIMEDIA GUIDE 1984 (New York: R.R. Bowker, 1984--$45.00 paper)

THE INTERACTIVE CABLE TV HANDBOOK (Bethesda, Md.: Phillips Publishing, 1984--$97.00, paper)

COMPUTERIZED LITERATURE SEARCHING: RESEARCH STRATEGIES AND DATABASES, by Charles L. Gilreath (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1984--$25.00)     

Evaluating Reference Services and Reference Personnel:

There is a large literature on the evaluation of reference services and reference personnel. This bibliographic essay discusses a wide variety of items from that literature, organized around a series of questions that might be considered a model for the reference evaluation process.     

网络实时咨询服务中的参考馆员

本文简要介绍了图书馆参考咨询馆员在网络实时咨询服务中应具备的素质及在图书馆中的地位。     

Reference Staffing

Abstract

In spring 2006, 404 medium-sized academic libraries participated in a survey to determine their reference-staffing practices. A medium-sized academic library is one affiliated with a bachelor's degree granting institution where the FTE enrollment is 3,000-9,999. Libraries reported their type of service model, number of questions asked, number of staff, variety of service points, types of staff utilized, hours and other factors used to make staffing decisions.

What are the staffing practices in reference departments at medium-sized academic libraries? How many reference and non-reference librarians are scheduled to work at reference service points? How many questions are typically asked during a week? Are students or support staff utilized? What type of model is most prevalent-one central desk with one librarian, several distributed desks with one or more staff members, a tiered service model or something else? What factors do reference managers consider when determining the hours and types of staff scheduled? These questions, and more, are explored in this report.     

E-Mail Reference

Summary

This article begins by summarizing national findings of e-mail reference services in academic and public libraries. It next describes types of e-mail reference services as well as commonalities, differences, appearance of the question form, audience, and turnaround time for selected Colorado libraries. The article then focuses on giving a detailed overview and analysis of two years of Colorado State University's e-mail reference experiences. The number, type of question, who/where the questions come from, and to whom the questions are sent are examined. The unexpected uses of the service are identified. Lastly, broader issues to do with e-mail reference services are discussed. This article is based on a presentation given at the Internet Librarian2000 conference.     

Reference Specializations

No abstract available for this article.     

Reference Accuracy

This article explores aspects of accuracy as applied in a reference setting. Accuracy is defined in terms of correctness and precision as measured against some benchmark. Some factors that might influence accuracy are identified: education, attitude, reference setting, reference collection, the nature of the request, and the patron. Finally, some assumptions are presented that challenge the use of accuracy as a gauge of reference success. Accuracy will largely be discussed in the context of question answering rather than other facets of reference service, such as library use instruction or the creation of bibliographies.     

Reference Works

THE 1984 SATELLITE DIRECTORY (Bethesda, Md.: Phillips Publishing Inc., 7315 Wisconsin Ave., 1984---$197.00, paper)

ONLINE DATABASE SEARCH SERVICES DIRECTORY (Detroit, Mich.: Gale Research Company, 1984---$75.00, paper, in two parts)

MAGAZINE INDUSTRY MARKETPLACE: THE DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN PERIODICAL PUBLISHING (New York: Bowker, 1984---$45.00, paper)     

Reference Works

COMPUTER SCIENCE RESOURCES: A GUIDE TO PROFESSIONAL LITERATURE, compiled and edited by Darlene Myers (White Plains, New York: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1981—$59.50, paper).

LIBRARY AND REFERENCE FACILITIES IN THE AREA OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, edited by Margaret S. Jennings (White Plains, New York: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1983—$39.00, paper).

STATISTICAL SERVICES DIRECTORY: A GUIDE TO THE ORGANIZATIONS, CORPORATIONS, PROFESSIONAL AND TRADE ASSOCIATIONS, RESEARCH CENTERS, UNIVERSITIES, PUBLISHERS, FOUNDATIONS, AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES THAT PROVIDE STATISTICAL SERVICES (Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1984—$150).

CAREERS IN INFORMATION, edited by Jane F. Spivack (White Plains, New York: Knowledge Industries Publications, 1982—$34.50/27.50).

VIDEOTEX: A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY, Volume 1, 1979-1982 (Technical and Education Center of the Graphic Arts, Rochester Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9887, Rochester, New York—price not given, but about $15.00, paper).

TELEMANAGEMENT NEWS SERVICE: THE NEWS SERVICE ON THE TELEPHONE INDUSTRY FOR OFFICE, DP AND COMMUNICATIONS MANAGEMENT (SRG Publications, P.O. Box 335, Palmyra, New Jersey 08065—$260.00 per year/weekly).

SPACE ENTERPRISE TODAY: THE NEWSLETTER ON COMMERCIAL SPACE VENTURES (Phillips Publishing Inc., 7315 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 1200 N, Bethesda, Maryland 20814—$297.00 per year/monthly).

LINK-UP: COMMUNICATIONS AND THE SMALL COMPUTER (On-Line Communications, Inc., 3938 Meadowbrook Road, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55426-$23.95 per year/monthly).

RESEARCH NOTES (Policy Development and Planning, Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 1111 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D.C. 20036—apparently free on request/irregular).

SCA: RADIO SUBCARRIER REPORT (Waters & Company, Security Mutual Building, Suite 322, Binghampton, New York 13901—$185.00 per year/monthly).     

Reference Service

Summary

The advent of new technologies raises a question of the value of one-on-one personalized interaction in the reference environment. The first part of this paper briefly surveys leading library literature; the second part reports results of an informal survey of practitioners in the field, designed to elicit their views on the influence of theoretical models and new technologies on reference service. It is suggested that while there is no necessary conflict between integration of technology and existing structures in the reference environment, new technology does raise issues that need to be thoughtfully addressed.     

Film Reference

THE WHOLE FILM SOURCEBOOK, Leonard Maltin, ed. (New York: New American Library, 1983---$9.95)

THE AFRO-AMERICAN CINEMATIC EXPERIENCE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FILMOGRAPHY by Marshall Hyatt (Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, Inc., 104 Greenhill Ave., Wilmington, DE 19805---$24.95)

DICTIONARY OF FILM AND TELEVISION TERMS by Virginia Oakley (New York: Barnes and Noble, 1983---$6.95, paper)