Reference Costs and Reference Services:

No abstract available for this article.     

Electronic Reference Services:

No abstract available for this article.     

Complex Reference Services:

Reference services for data files used in quantitative social research are complicated by several facts. Providing assistance requires specialized knowledge of how the data were collected, how they are organized and how they will be used. Data files cannot be used at all without the requisite computing support. This article presents an overview of the literature on reference services for social research, differentiates between data for information and data for research, suggests a general approach to providing services for these materials based on traditional archives and government documents reference, and gives a practical framework for handling queries.     

Evaluating Reference Services and Reference Personnel:

There is a large literature on the evaluation of reference services and reference personnel. This bibliographic essay discusses a wide variety of items from that literature, organized around a series of questions that might be considered a model for the reference evaluation process.     

数字化参考咨询服务

文章介绍了数字化参考咨询服务的主要形式，相关技术和典型项目，包括基于电子邮件，基于实时交互的和基于合作的数字化参考咨询，并简要分析相应的组织管理问题。     

Virtual Reference Services

Abstract

Researchers performed a cost and benefit analysis of the University of South Florida's locally controlled chat service and compared the results to the advantages and expenses associated with a chat consortium. An evaluation of chat sessions revealed that a substantial portion of the inquiries received relate to university-specific interests. In addition to the local nature of chat questions, library staff used USF statistics to estimate the staffing, software, and training costs of the current chat reference service. The collaborative service under consideration involves both additional costs and benefits. A final decision, however, requires an in-depth assessment of several factors. Supplementary factors in this examination include a brief history of USF virtual reference service and the current trends in instant messaging that support the continuance of chat reference.     

Online Reference Services

No abstract available for this article.     

Virtual Reference Services

Summary

Traditional reference services are changing in response to the rapid growth of electronic resources available outside of the library. There are an increasing number of libraries that are providing digital reference services to meet the demands and expectations of remote users. This article provides an overview of virtual reference services at Louisiana State University (LSU) Libraries. It also examines the planning, implementation, marketing and user feedback of real time reference service after its first year.     

Tiered Reference Services

Summary

Customer feedback is essential for determining what elements constitute quality service in a reference department. At Texas A&M University, we use concise user surveys to elicit feedback on the different aspects of tiered services. This study identifies whether or not customers find the information they need and allows customers to evaluate the services. User surveys and return boxes are accessible at several discrete locations throughout the reference unit. The department modified services to better meet customers' expectations after analyzing the data gathered from nearly 200 surveys. A library display showed the results of the survey. Comments and suggestions made by the customers were included in the display.     

Marketing Reference Services

In this article, the marketing concept is related to reference services. Following a review of the literature, an overview of marketing is explored, including research, the marketing mix, the strategic plan, the marketing plan, and the marketing audit. The application of marketing to reference services is made through the marketing mix elements of product, price, place, and promotion.     

传统参考咨询与网络参考咨询的比较研究

传统参考咨询和网络参考咨询在内涵、地位与作用、参考信息源、用户服务、用户与咨询人员、管理模式等方面都有所不同。传统参考咨询是网络参考咨询的基础,网络参考咨询是传统参考咨询的继承与发展。网络参考咨询代表着机遇、未来和数字图书馆发展的潮流,它将成为图书馆应对挑战,保持可持续发展的战略性选择。表4。参考文献16。     

数字化参考咨询服务的发展与问题

国外图书馆参考咨询工作正在从面对面的直接交流向以网络为基础的虚拟转化。要实现虚拟参考服务 ,必须建立知识库 ,必须利用虚拟参考产品 ,必须开展馆际合作。图 1。参考文献 6。     

Reference Librarians and Technical Services Librarians:

The relationship between reference librarians and technical services librarians has often been strained. In our changing technological and organizational environment, it is imperative that reference librarians and technical services librarians share responsibility for improving this relationship. One way for this to take place is for individuals to become more "accountable" to their colleagues. This article provides accountability guidelines for both reference and technical services librarians which, if followed, can result in increased communication and a better understanding of the roles, concerns, and needs of both reference and technical services librarians.     

Addressing School Library Media Reference Services:

Guidelines developed by the American Association of School of Librarians and the Reference and Adult Services Division of the American Library Association can aid school library media specialists in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of reference and information services for the school community. This article discusses the value of such professionally sanctioned guidelines and uses two documents, Information Power and "Information Services for Information Consumers," as the basis for a checklist for assessing building-level school library media reference services. Media specialists can use this checklist in evaluating and upgrading reference services within their schools.     

Evaluating Electronic Reference Services

Summary

As electronic reference services become routine in many libraries, it is time to systematically examine how they are being implemented and used. Unfortunately, few libraries have rigorously examined their electronic reference services. We still know very little about who uses electronic reference services or why. We also do not know how satisfied our users are with the new services we are providing. This article provides an overview of the chief methodologies available for conducting assessments of electronic services (e.g., surveys, usability studies, observation, etc.). Existing criteria for evaluating reference services are discussed with suggestions for how they can be applied or adapted to the online service environment.     

实时参考咨询系统

参考咨询工作是图书馆工作中最具创造性、最能体现图书馆员增值劳动的工作。随着网络应用的普及，参考咨询工作已经发展到网络实时方式。本文重点介绍了实时参考咨询系统的几个方面的内容：系统分类、系统功能以及实时参考咨询系统的一些重要特性和问题。     

论数字参考服务

数字参考服务是信息提供者和信息需求者之间以互联网为基础 ,按一定的协议或标准进行的信息交流活动。它是以人为中心的服务系统。它以网络方式为服务传递手段 ,以知识管理作为服务的基点 ,实行点面结合的服务运作方式。参考文献 6。     

Ethics and Reference Services

Abstract

Reference archivists face challenging ethical dilemmas in the course of seemingly mundane daily tasks. While newly revised ethical codes provide helpful guidelines, there are many ethical questions without clear answers. Rapidly evolving technology, changing expectations, and inconsistent privacy laws place pressures on reference work. These issues also open a window on the society whose cultural property archivists manage.