Teaching Reprint File Management

The development of user-friendly search systems has enabled physicians to perform their own MEDLINE searches. These physicians are recognizing a need to learn how to organize their growing reprint collections. Librarians at the University of Michigan, Alfred Taubman Medical Library have developed a unique course that presents a variety of techniques to meet the needs of a wide audience. For some users, such as students or house officers who have limited funds or lack support devices, a variety of manual methods are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of using manual versus computerized systems are discussed. Following the illustration of the manual methods, users are introduced to a simple computerized method using a utility type database management package, PC-FILE. Hands-on training under the direction of librarians allows students to develop and use a practice database while having experts available to answer questions. Users are encouraged to take a copy of PC-FILE (shareware) with them to experiment with before committing themselves to a more expensive database management software package. Before the class ends, those interested in a more sophisticated package with specialized report formats and downloading/uploading capabilities are given a brief demonstration of PRO-CITE. Evaluations have shown that there is interest in all three methods.     

医学图书馆嵌入式服务的尝试与思考——以齐齐哈尔医学院图书馆为例

[目的/意义]基于嵌入式服务理念，设计医学图书馆嵌入式服务框架，并尝试进行嵌入式服务实践，对医学图书馆开展嵌入式服务具有借鉴意义。[方法/过程]通过研究嵌入式服务模式的原理、发展历程以及服务模型，根据读者需求和初期的嵌入式服务实践设计医学图书馆嵌入式服务框架，在这一框架下，研究不同领域的嵌入式服务内容、角色及医学图书馆服务的可延伸拓展性，并论述在这个嵌入式服务框架指导下开展的嵌入式服务实践和取得的服务效果。[结果/结论]在嵌入式服务模式下， "图书馆是一个生长的有机体"，图书馆生产力得以提升，馆员新生职业范围将不断扩大，个性化的嵌入式服务模式是未来医学图书馆服务的发展方向。     

医学期刊组织开展多中心临床研究初探

当前我国医学期刊优秀稿件数量下降、刊载论文学术质量滑坡.如何吸引更多高质量的原创性论文是医学期刊急需解决的一大问题.作者尝试组织开展多中心临床研究项目,旨在通过开展多中心、前瞻性、大样本、随机对照研究,不仅起到了引领学术发展的作用,而且为期刊组织到高质量的论文,有助于提升期刊的质量和水平,进一步增强期刊的影响力.     

临床医学研究论文中的真实性问题探讨

从随机对照试验描述错误、临床资料数据缺失、临床数据虚报3个方面对临床医学研究论文中存在的真实性问题进行了总结、分析,并为编辑审读临床稿件提供一些建议。     

双赢实践:编辑与临床

通过总结华西口腔医学院编辑部的实践经验,认为编辑参加口腔临床实践,既促使理论联系实际,提升个人的业务水平,又培养了优秀的青年编辑和骨干人才,提升所办期刊成为学科领域的精品学术期刊。     

医学期刊编辑提升临床实践指南质量的策略

临床实践指南(简称指南)是由政府机构或学术组织撰写的指导性医疗文件,对提高医疗质量有重要的指导、推动作用,因此其制作的质量非常重要。目前我国指南制订者并不熟悉指南制订方法与报告规范;指南制订的透明性、科学性、完整性及严谨性不足;指南宣传推广不足。医学编辑在指南制订全过程中均可开展一些工作,提升指南质量。制订前普及、宣传指南制订的方法学与报告规范,选题策划时组织、邀约临床实用性高的指南。指南投稿中严格按照AGREEⅡ及RIGHT标准,逐项审查把关。制订后大力推广和宣传,促进指南在临床的实施。     

临床医学图书馆员制度及其在我国实施的建议

简要介绍了国内外临床医学图书馆员（CML）制度的实施情况,探讨了医院图书馆实施临床医学图书馆员制度及临床医学图书馆员开展学科化服务的方式。     

Writing the Collection Development Manual

This article puts the need for writing a collection development manual in its historical context. It discusses the reasons for producing a collection development manual: to smooth out the functioning of the processing operation; to consider all collection development assumptions; to stimulate both the authors and the users of the manual to discuss important issues in collection development; to reduce bibliographer stress by specifying procedures for collection development: and to provide evaluation criteria for bibliographers. The article distinguishes two types of manuals: the training manual and the reference manual. The training manual provides the novice bibliographer with a comprehensive understanding of the materials selection environment: the structure of the subject field, the library holdings, collection usage patterns, the budget situation, the library's collection development policies, and the library materials market. The reference manual provides a compilation of internal policies and procedures to be consulted by bibliographers when such knowledge is required. It is suggested that a reference manual be organized around the following topics: materials selection, budgeting, purchase, review, and use.     

我国医学期刊遵循临床试验注册制度的现状调查

临床试验注册的目的是减少临床试验报告的偏倚,提高研究的透明度和科学性。本研究调查了我国258种医学核心期刊的稿约,57种(22.1%)期刊稿约中要求遵循临床试验注册制度,其中50种期刊提出了具体的著录要求。进一步深入探讨各期刊发表的随机对照试验(RCT)中临床试验注册号著录格式及内容的一致性和准确性,以及RCT撰写遵循CONSORT报告指南是否对著录注册号有影响。本研究结果表明目前我国医学期刊对临床试验注册和报告指南的遵循情况并不理想,报告注册的RCT仅占17.2%,仍存在对注册制度重视不足及执行不严格等问题,而期刊要求遵循CONSORT声明可能对RCT的注册有积极的影响。建议医学期刊遵循临床试验注册制度,提高对其的正确认识和重视,这需要期刊审稿人、编辑及作者的共同参与,通过提高临床试验注册的比例,进而提升研究的透明度。     

医学期刊应重视临床试验注册

从20世纪70年代提出概念,临床试验注册已由零散的自发状态发展到由世界卫生组织临床试验注册平台统一领导、各国政府支持并在全球展开。国际医学编辑委员会所有的成员杂志及其他一些国际知名杂志共2000余种均要求临床试验注册后才考虑发表。我国也有46种杂志支持临床试验注册。医学期刊审查临床试验注册时应参照WHO临床试验注册最低要求20个条目。医学期刊应从编辑、作者、读者3个层次就医学期刊如何实施临床试验注册制度进行教育和培训,才能真正推进医学期刊执行临床试验注册制度。     

The Development of a Self-Guided,Library-Based Materials and Methods Manual for Social Work Research

This paper addresses the development and testing of a self-guided, library-based materials and methods manual that complements a course in social work research at the undergraduate level and graduate level. The paper outlines the content of the manual and discusses its interface with the content in social work research design coursework. The manual guides the student though the process of selecting a topic for research, identifying library reference resources to support the topic area selected and developing a bibliography of reference material relevant to the topic. A special selection of the manual addresses computer-based references. The manual is also designed to complement other courses in the social work curriculum such as policy analysis and other special topic courses.     

医学期刊中图片编辑加工的方法与原则——以《临床皮肤科杂志》为例

通过总结《临床皮肤科杂志》的图片编辑加工流程、办刊实践中图片选用及预处理的策略,分析图片编辑中各种常见问题及相应解决方法.高质量的图片编辑须基于科学的编排原则、标准化的编辑加工流程,严格的图片选用标准、预处理操作以及结合专业方向的图片调色技能,以保证图片的真实性及客观性,而这需要掌握娴熟的图像软件操作技能和专业的临床学科知识.     

提升指南/共识报告质量 推进医学期刊高质量发展

临床实践指南(简称指南)和专家共识(简称共识)作为医疗实践的重要指导性文件,可以规范医务人员的诊疗行为,提升医疗服务质量、降低医疗成本,是医务人员进行决策的准则和依据。指南/共识的规范化报告有助于提升其学术质量、权威性和透明性,可以促进其有效传播与实施,因此提升指南/共识报告质量具有重要现实意义。本文分析了目前我国医学科技期刊指南/共识的报告现状及存在问题,并从出台相关政策、开展培训、宣传推广等方面提出相应建议与对策,以期为提升我国指南/共识报告质量提供思路,推进医学期刊高质量发展。     

Negation recognition in medical narrative reports

Substantial medical data, such as discharge summaries and operative reports are stored in electronic textual form. Databases containing free-text clinical narratives reports often need to be retrieved to find relevant information for clinical and research purposes. The context of negation, a negative finding, is of special importance, since many of the most frequently described findings are such. When searching free-text narratives for patients with a certain medical condition, if negation is not taken into account, many of the documents retrieved will be irrelevant. Hence, negation is a major source of poor precision in medical information retrieval systems. Previous research has shown that negated findings may be difficult to identify if the words implying negations (negation signals) are more than a few words away from them. We present a new pattern learning method for automatic identification of negative context in clinical narratives reports. We compare the new algorithm to previous methods proposed for the same task, and show its advantages: accuracy improvement compared to other machine learning methods, and much faster than manual knowledge engineering techniques with matching accuracy. The new algorithm can be applied also to further context identification and information extraction tasks.

Embedded & Clinical Librarianship: Administrative Support for Vital New Roles

ABSTRACT

Medical libraries continue to face the challenge of demonstrating relevance and value in hard economic times. Job titles such as “embedded librarians,” “clinical medical librarian,” and “informationist” have become more common as medical libraries strive to meet patrons at the point of need within a natural workflow. This article provides an overview of such positions, including necessary skills and expertise, added value, administrative challenges, and a discussion of evaluation.     

Writing the Collection Assessment Manual

A regular, systematic collection assessment program is essential to a well-managed collection development operation. But too often librarians lack the knowledge and skills to plan and conduct such assessments. To help librarians develop their professional competence in collection evaluation, this article rccommends a collection assessment training manual. Such a manual should provide not only the practical techniques and procedures necessary to conduct, analyze, and report the assessment activities and results, but also the broader rationale needed to develop tailor-made evaluation programs to meet a variety of assessment objectives. The article also recommends and discusses a number of collection-centered and client- centered measurement techniques that should be included in the manual as well as planning and reporting considerations and suggestions for format, etc. Developing an assessment manual requires considerable effort, but the effort is well invested when the results are better collection development decisions.     

临床医学论文选题的编辑评价

以医学编辑为视角,从选题的具体性、信息的全面性、研究对象的合理性、医学伦理的严肃性、研究设计方案的科学性和可行性、干预手段的正确性、临床研究的可行性、研究时长的合理性、研究效果的可预测性、经济支持的非直接利益等10个方面论述临床医学论文的选题评价。     

一种基于短文本相似度计算的主观题自动阅卷方法

文本主观题自动阅卷的关键是提高考生答案文本和试题标准答案文本之间相似度计算结果的准确率。参考文本试题人工阅卷方法,提出一种结合人工制定文本相似标准、词语集合及词语次序和同义词的短文本相似度计算方法,设计并实现相应文本主观题阅卷系统。建立试题人工评分标准库,并在387道银行培训领域真实考题数据集上进行自动阅卷与人工阅卷结果对比实验。结果显示,文本试题自动阅卷结果与人工阅卷结果相比,完全相同的达到58%,准确率达到80%左右。     

中医药期刊医学伦理审查现状探讨

中医药期刊作为中医药研究成果传播和交流的重要平台,应该重视对中医药研究的伦理审查.本研究对中医药期刊的医学伦理审查情况进行调查,发现部分中医药期刊对伦理审查不够重视,对伦理审查的要求缺乏明确规范,由此提出以下建议:中医药期刊应加强对医学伦理的重视,可在稿约或投稿指南中补充对伦理审查的要求,而且应明确相应规范,同时可在伦...