Rural Libraries Services for Older Adults: A Nationwide Survey

The author examined the survey results from 721 rural libraries throughout the United States and Canada to learn more about how they are serving older adults (defined here as anyone 65 years and older). The following areas of library service in particular were studied: funding sources, collections, strategic planning, staffing, technology use, partnerships, outreach efforts, and building design and accessibility. Results of this study were compared to those found in recent studies of services provided to older adults in suburban and capital city public libraries.     

Reference and Information Services for Children and Young Adults

No abstract available for this article.     

Reference Services:

Research on reference service is still in the beginning stage. Librarians must select appropriate methodologies and carefully analyze the data collected in order to evaluate and improve reference service. Good measures are valid, reliable, practical and useful; standards must also be carefully chosen because so much assessment of effectiveness depends upon subjective values. Data collection strategies include quantitative measures derived from the experimental sciences and qualitative measures derived from the social sciences, including familiar methods such as surveys, questionnaires, interviews and case studies. These measures are discussed in terms of their appropriateness for reference service evaluation with citations to published studies.     

Reference Costs and Reference Services:

No abstract available for this article.     

Complex Reference Services:

Reference services for data files used in quantitative social research are complicated by several facts. Providing assistance requires specialized knowledge of how the data were collected, how they are organized and how they will be used. Data files cannot be used at all without the requisite computing support. This article presents an overview of the literature on reference services for social research, differentiates between data for information and data for research, suggests a general approach to providing services for these materials based on traditional archives and government documents reference, and gives a practical framework for handling queries.     

Electronic Reference Services:

No abstract available for this article.     

Microcomputer Applications for Teaching Reference Services

No abstract available for this article.     

New Technologies in Reference Services for School Libraries:

No abstract available for this article.     

数字化参考咨询几种常用搜索引擎的比较

从信息资源类型、检索方式和检索功能等方面对数字化参考咨询工作中最常用的搜索引擎进行比较 ,并介绍其应用技巧。参考文献 7。表 3。     

Reference Services for All: How to Support Reference Service to Clients with Disabilities

Summary

Ideally, when clients come in to the library, reference staff should be able to focus on their information needs and not be distracted by the disability. Questions like “How will he get into the building?”, “How can she use the catalogue?” and others, become important because they indicate barriers to the use of the library by persons with disabilities. If these are not addressed on an organizational level, they affect the individual with the disability, the service provider, i.e., the reference librarian, and the quality of the service provided.     

Definitions for Planning and Evaluating Reference Services

No abstract available for this article.     

Addressing School Library Media Reference Services:

Guidelines developed by the American Association of School of Librarians and the Reference and Adult Services Division of the American Library Association can aid school library media specialists in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of reference and information services for the school community. This article discusses the value of such professionally sanctioned guidelines and uses two documents, Information Power and "Information Services for Information Consumers," as the basis for a checklist for assessing building-level school library media reference services. Media specialists can use this checklist in evaluating and upgrading reference services within their schools.     

Reference Librarians and Technical Services Librarians:

The relationship between reference librarians and technical services librarians has often been strained. In our changing technological and organizational environment, it is imperative that reference librarians and technical services librarians share responsibility for improving this relationship. One way for this to take place is for individuals to become more "accountable" to their colleagues. This article provides accountability guidelines for both reference and technical services librarians which, if followed, can result in increased communication and a better understanding of the roles, concerns, and needs of both reference and technical services librarians.     

数字参考服务质量评估问题的理论与实践探讨

随着图书馆网上实时参考服务的迅速崛起，为了保障其顺利可持续发展，有关数字参考服务质量评估标准的研究日益受到关注。文章介绍了国内外相关领域研究的情况，从服务系统、服务过程、回答质量、用户满意程度、服务统计、成本测度和服务开放程度等七个方面考虑，提出了三级服务质量评估指标体系，并列出了具体指标项目。     

基于Web的数字化参考咨询服务

本文介绍了数字化参考咨询服务的特点、传统参考咨询服务的异同和主要应用技术,并提出了虚拟参考咨询服务的发展趋势。