美国近五年来最佳免费参考网站评介

根据美国图书馆协会(ALA)下属的参考与服务协会(RUSA)的机器辅助参考部(MARS)近五年来最佳免费参考网站的评选结果,择优选择介绍其中部分与我国图书馆的信息检索工作联系密切,对网络信息检索教学工作有实用意义的网站,以期为广大读者和网络用户提供更广泛开放的信息来源,并对国内的参考咨询服务活动有所启发。     

美国2007年最佳免费参考网站评介

论文评介了美国图书馆协会下属机构机器辅助参考部(MARS)评选出的美国2007年最佳免费参考网站,并简述了历年的评介.     

网上参考咨询服务中心发展研究

网上参考咨询服务中心是目前国内图书馆界较具影响力的一个网上参考咨询服务机构,文章详尽分析了该服务中心的发展现状、存在的问题与对策,以及未来的发展前景。     

国外高校图书馆社会服务模式及借鉴

根据对国外高校图书馆社会开放的调查,总结其在法律制度、服务观念、服务用户、服务内容、服务人员等方面的做法与特点,提出出台法律制度、成立实施委员会、强化开放服务意识、延长开放时间、招募多类型员工、细分用户和丰富服务手段等措施,供国内同行借鉴。     

Student Engagement and Success across the United States and Australia

FROM THE COLUMN EDITORS

Welcome to the Global Postcards column! We are so excited to bring you news and projects from around the world. We have three contributions for this column: one contribution from Australia that covers the similar challenges that the United States and Australia face in student engagement and success, another from Uganda and Nigeria detailing the impact of the SCECSAL Conference (Standing Conference of Eastern, Central, and Southern African Library Associations) held in Swaziland, and a third about the Library in a Box concept developed by Jane Mirandette of the USA while working in Nicaragua. Thanks to the contributors for this issue, and please keep the submissions coming! If you would like to send a submission, please contact either of the column's co-editors: Jacqueline Solis, jsolis@email.unc.edu, and Robin L. Kear, rlk25@pitt.edu     

Determining the Effectiveness of Digital Reference Services in Malaysian Academic Libraries

The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of digital reference services in academic libraries in Malaysia. It focuses on the awareness, usage, users' perception, library's performance, perceived needs, issues, and problems faced by students. The research methodology employed was a case study approach that combined three data collection methods: questionnaires, interviews, and content analysis.     

开放数据在英、美政府中的应用及启示

开放数据是一种理念与实践,按照用户特定的需求和相应的互联网协议、规则、框架对Web数据进行开发、加工、存储、组织等管理活动,以实现局域和全部Web空间的数据开放、互通、共享,受到了政府、企业和一些行业如图书馆的重视与应用。英、美政府对开放数据的应用实践走在了世界的前列,其与W3C相关协议保持数据相同、数据保持完整性与统一性、建立政府信息开放门户网站平台等做法均值得我国政府和一些开放数据应用行业的借鉴。     

美国社会科学数据的共享与服务

对美国几所一流的社会科学研究机构进行实地调研,重点考察其组织管理架构、运营模式、数据共享平台、在线分析软件、数据长期保存与监护、数据处理规范等方面,并探讨了对我国社会科学数据建设的借鉴与启示.     

Strategies for Providing Effective Reference Services for International Adult Learners

Summary

In their mission or goals statements, most universities declare their commitment to promoting a multicultural campus. A multicultural campus can only come about with the creation of an environment that provides the support and encouragement that allows for academic growth and success for international students. Reference librarians serve a special role as information providers and can play a significant part in ensuring the academic success of these students. To achieve this, we must first increase our basic understanding of the cultural and economic impact of international students at a national and university level. Further, recognizing the unique pressures under which these international students function will increase awareness and help us to position ourselves to effectively meet their information needs. This paper will describe obstacles and problems international students generally deal with in choosing to pursue studies abroad and then suggest practical strategies for overcoming these problems and providing effective reference services.     

Communication Strategies for Instant Messaging and Chat Reference Services

Summary

Instant messaging (IM) reference is gaining in popularity but still faces resistance. Some librarians agree with some researchers in the field of computer-mediated communications (CMC) that it can never approach the complexity of face-to-face communication, and is therefore an unsuitable medium for reference. Librarians in face-to-face reference use nonverbal communication skills such as a welcoming expression and an interested tone of voice to encourage patrons to approach the desk and discuss their topic; they also interpret the nonverbal cues of patrons. This analysis of online reference conversations shows how online skills can substitute for many of these nonverbal cues. Some skills are unique to computer-mediated communication while others involve written language skills to encourage exploration of the topic, increase clarity, demonstrate approachability and empathy, and instruct. The study illustrates communication problems and solutions using actual conversations, giving particular attention to the reference interview.     

现代信息技术在档案在线信息服务中的应用探究

政府信息公开离不开档案服务。档案在线服务是档案信息服务机构参与政府信息公开的重要途径。云计算、微博客、Web2.0等现代信息技术在档案在线服务中的应用,可实现较好地实现信息共享,拓宽服务半径,提高服务质量,提升服务能力。     

Assessing Digital Reference and Online Instructional Services in an Integrated Public/University Library

Abstract

In spite of the explosion of interest in virtual reference and instruction, assessment of digital reference remains relatively uncharted territory in the library literature. What standards exist for online reference and instruction and how can they be used to assess the innovative new merged online reference environment at the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library? Led by co-unit heads from the former San Jose Public Library Main Branch and the San Jose State University Clark Library, the merged reference unit is a unique testing ground for perceived differences between public and academic reference service. Evaluation of both the online and the live merged reference environment is crucial and will be necessary to determine what is working and what is not. This paper will discuss plans for current and future assessment of digital reference including e-mail, live online reference, and online instruction.     

Success,Failure, Innovation and Uncertainty in Changing Times: A Selective Bibliography of Literature on Reference Services Since the 1980s

ABSTRACT

A selective annotated bibliography of literature about reference services from 1984 to the present. The selected writings highlight how reference service has been challenged and changed over the last 20 years as a result of technological advances, shifts in information-seeking behavior, and inadequate monetary and human resources. This bibliography is meant to provide further reading on the topics covered by the articles in this issue on the current state and future of reference services.     

Knowledge and Utilization of the United States National Library of Medicine's Biomedical Information Products and Services Among African Health Sciences Librarians

The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) has the largest collection of biomedical information products and services in the world. Little is known of the extent to which librarians in sub-Saharan Africa are aware of and use these resources. The study's aim was to assess knowledge and frequency of use of NLM's biomedical information products and services among African librarians. Forty-three of the 50 delegates at the 11th biannual Congress of the Association of Health Information and Libraries in Africa (AHILA) participated in the study. The findings showed that participants' knowledge of NLM information products and services was low and that there is a need for increased awareness and training in the use of NLM's information products and services in order for users on the African continent to effectively benefit from them.     

开展移动咨询服务的统计分析和体会

总结了开展移动咨询服务的体会;阐述了开展移动咨询的意义;对移动时代咨询服务特点做了统计和分析;对当前咨询服务的时间和咨询员的素质提出了新的要求。     

广西高校图书馆网上参考咨询服务现状、问题及对策

通过对广西高校图书馆网上参考咨询服务现状的调查和统计,分析了其存在的问题,并提出了广西高校图书馆网上参考咨询服务的发展对策。     

信息参考服务的冲突管理与技术实现

基于信息参考服务的理念和专业伦理等方面内涵，探讨图书馆参考服务过程中冲突理论相关问题，同时结合计算机通信技术和数据库技术，讨论分析现代信息参考服务中的冲突管理问题，提出在现代信息服务中如何正确有效处理客户冲突的一系列过程、方法及策略。     

美国高校图书馆的本科生研究支持服务

文章调查美国高校馆开展的本科生研究支持服务,服务内容包括:研究咨询,提供研究用空间,为本科生讲授课程,设立图书馆研究奖,设立图书馆研究员计划,协助本科生发表、保存与展示研究成果,提供研究指导信息;归纳美国高校图书馆本科生研究支持服务的经验。对我国高校图书馆的启示包括:开展本科生研究支持服务研究,为本科生提供研究空间支持,选拔学生同伴为本科生提供研究支持服务,成立图书馆员导师团队,设立本科生研究奖项,等等。     

国外数据库系统Web 2.0个性化服务研究

对7个典型的国外文献数据库所提供的个性化服务进行调研,着重阐述Web 2.0 环境下个性化服务的5个发展特点。即支持用户在自己的空间内实现知识组织,提供开放机制实现服务的嵌入和融合,提供不打搅用户的行为感知机制进行内容的主动推荐,与社会网络进行集成满足不同用户群体的分享需求,提供基于移动应用的掌上个性化服务。     

美国信息公开制度的建立与发展动向

信息公开制度是政府信息资源开发利用领域中重要的法律保证。本文以美国《信息自由法》为基础,阐述美国建立信息公开制度的原因、过程和发展动向。