美国大学图书馆合作书库PASCAL建设研究

自上个世纪末开始,美国部分高校图书馆在校外联合建设合作书库,有效地缓解了馆藏资源的膨胀与书库面积不断萎缩的矛盾。该文主要介绍了美国大学图书馆合作书库PASCAL的建设与发展,讨论了PASCAL合作书库产生的背景、选书的程序、财产的归属、图书借阅的流程等问题。图书馆间建立具有一定规模的合作书库,对我国的图书馆建设也具有一定的参考意义。     

Evidence for Informed Preservation Planning and Advocacy: A Synoptic View

ABSTRACT

We argue the need to demonstrate the value of preservation services to institutions, the public and funders, because it matters conceptually and needs to be supported and validated. To address this imperative, improved and focused data capture and its use by collection managers is advocated as the necessary first step towards the development of an evidence-based culture for preservation services and synoptic decision-making, where evidence enables us to optimise the outcome of planning. To do so, we need tools that enable us to evaluate diverse preservation scenarios. We demonstrate the potential of emerging cross-disciplinary tools and protocols developed in the recent years such as attitude surveys, computational modelling and demographic modelling. These offer evidence that informs prospective preservation planning and, importantly, provides a credible evidence base for advocacy. These possibilities are discussed within the wider context of well-established preservation planning protocols that have shaped collection management for three decades, broadly characterised as retrospective.     

Exploiting Manual Indexing to Improve Collection Selection and Retrieval Effectiveness

Vocabulary incompatibilities arise when the terms used to index a document collection are largely unknown, or at least not well-known to the users who eventually search the collection. No matter how comprehensive or well-structured the indexing vocabulary, it is of little use if it is not used effectively in query formulation. This paper demonstrates that techniques for mapping user queries into the controlled indexing vocabulary have the potential to radically improve document retrieval performance. We also show how the use of controlled indexing vocabulary can be employed to achieve performance gains for collection selection. Finally, we demonstrate the potential benefit of combining these two techniques in an interactive retrieval environment. Given a user query, our evaluation approach simulates the human user's choice of terms for query augmentation given a list of controlled vocabulary terms suggested by a system. This strategy lets us evaluate interactive strategies without the need for human subjects.     

台湾地区图书馆馆藏发展政策实践研究

简述近年来我国台湾地区图书馆馆藏发展政策的概况;以该地区15所图书馆的馆藏发展政策为案例,对其基本项目进行比较分析;认为台湾地区藏书发展政策制旬方面的经验和教训值得我国大陆图书馆界参考。     

关于我国高校图书馆电子资源建设的理性思考

介绍美国高校图书馆在数据库采购方面的经验,指出这些经验对于正在进行电子资源建设的我国高校图书馆具有重要的参考意义。     

馆藏发展中的不同价值观及其质疑问题研究

近年来,图书馆核心价值观的研究日益得到重视,其研究成果将促使人们思考具体的非核心价值观的存在形式。在馆藏发展中,常见的价值观有5种:重藏观、经典文献收藏观、符合主流文化价值的藏书观、教化的收藏价值观、科学发展的藏书观。馆藏发展中的不同价值观都有其各自的优缺点,并受到一些专家、学者的质疑,值得图书馆界同仁深思。     

国外财经院校图书馆馆藏发展政策调查与分析

[目的/意义]通过对国外部分财经院校图书馆的馆藏发展政策制定现状进行分析,为我国同类型图书馆提供借鉴。[方法/过程]依据QS（Quacquarelli Symonds）世界大学排名选取样本对象,通过访问其图书馆网站的方式获取其馆藏发展政策并对其内容进行分析。[结果/结论]总结国外财经院校图书馆馆藏发展政策制定的共性、财经特色以及不足,对我国同类型图书馆在资源建设方面和馆藏发展政策制定方面提出建议。     

《增订注释全宋词》订补示例

词学前辈唐圭璋先生,筚路蓝缕,用毕生精力编成<全宋词>,厥功甚伟.近年来朱德才等先生对此书进行增订注释,出版了<增订注释全宋词>①,使之更趋完善.拜读之余,发现尚有微瑕,现举例订补,就正方家.     

Doing More With Less: How a Library Expanded Its Oral History Collection

This article highlights a successful collaborative project between the Toledo–Lucas County Library System, a university professor, and a local production company in order to expand the library's African American oral history collection. The project, made possible from a state technology grant, also resulted in the production of 20 television-quality DVDs and lesson guides. In addition to describing how we expanded the library's local African American history collection, we discuss how the project required a new collaborative culture. We also describe the unintended discovery of the evolving role and required skill sets of the librarian in the new collaboration relationship. The knowledge we gained helps us to fill a gap in our understanding about how to establish specialty collections as well as the required emergent role of the librarian.     

明代藏书楼书目编制之考述

明代是我国私家藏书发展的鼎盛时期,涌现出了一大批杰出的大藏书家;而其书目编制之繁盛也足令后人为之注目。文章主要从明代私藏书目编制的状况、特点及其功用等方面进行考述,以期对明代私藏书目编制进行较为全面的梳理与剖析。     

Temporal bibliographic networks

We present two ways (instantaneous and cumulative) to transform bibliographic networks, using the works’ publication year, into corresponding temporal networks based on temporal quantities. We also show how to use the addition of temporal quantities to define interesting temporal properties of nodes, links and their groups thus providing an insight into evolution of bibliographic networks. Using the multiplication of temporal networks we obtain different derived temporal networks providing us with new views on studied networks. The proposed approach is illustrated with examples from the collection of bibliographic networks on peer review.     

基于读者发文引文统计的馆藏图书评价与分析——以金陵科技学院图书馆为例

馆藏图书的流通统计对馆藏图书利用规律的研究有一定作用,但也存在局限性,可通过读者发文的引文统计加以弥补。读者发文的引文是读者在研究过程中利用文献的体现,尽管引用文献量要小于研究过程中实际利用文献量,但以引文作为研究样本,只要具备一定的数量,仍然具有现实意义:其一,可以研究馆藏图书的保障率;其二,可以进一步研究引文利用与流通利用的区别。     

Using Corpus-Based Approaches in a System for Multilingual Information Retrieval

We present a system for multilingual information retrieval that allows users to formulate queries in their preferred language and retrieve relevant information from a collection containing documents in multiple languages. The system is based on a process of document level alignments, where documents of different languages are paired according to their similarity. The resulting mapping allows us to produce a multilingual comparable corpus. Such a corpus has multiple interesting applications. It allows us to build a data structure for query translation in cross-language information retrieval (CLIR). Moreover, we also perform pseudo relevance feedback on the alignments to improve our retrieval results. And finally, multiple retrieval runs can be merged into one unified result list. The resulting system is inexpensive, adaptable to domain-specific collections and new languages and has performed very well at the TREC-7 conference CLIR system comparison.     

明代朝廷的典藏及其管理

我国是世界上保存图籍最为宏富的国家之一，这与历代重视典籍分不开，自汉、魏以来就设立秘书监进行专职管理。明代对此有所因革，朝廷典藏改由翰林典籍管理。其初由于朝廷重视，典籍发挥了身处翰林的特定优势，进展良好；自明中叶后，随着政局转坏，典藏亦渐趋衰败。其经验教训，具有重要的启示意义。     

人工智能与数字化图书馆建设

将人工智能应用于数字图书馆信息采集与服务系统,以提高它的个性化服务水平是主要目的。在深入分析当今数字图书馆中个性化信息服务技术和研究应用现状,以及搜索引擎和web信息采集等相关技术的基础上,把人工智能技术应用于图书馆信息管理系统上,在数字图书馆中提出了一个智能信息采集与服务系统模型,围绕该模型的构建和软件实现,阐明了人工智能在数字化图书馆中的应用原理。     

Research and usage of collection level metadata in Chinese digital libraries

The World Wide Web and other information technologies have deeply changed our information environment and influenced how we index and access the information we need. The library is a good example of this revolution. Instead of a building that holds books, the library is evolving into an electronic portal to digital materials from across the globe. Facing so many distributed and heterogeneous digital resources, layered metadata are efficient but sophisticated tools that make it easier to find the best information resources. In recent years many types of item-level metadata with which people are familiar have appeared. In contrast to item-level metadata, collection level metadata has not been broadly used, especially in China. By illustrating what a collection is and why we should create collection level metadata, we introduce the research and usage of collection level metadata in China and analyze the problems and limitations of the metadata being used. Some suggestions as to its use are also mentioned.     

Evaluating hierarchical organisation structures for exploring digital libraries

Search boxes providing simple keyword-based search are insufficient when users have complex information needs or are unfamiliar with a collection, for example in large digital libraries. Browsing hierarchies can support these richer interactions, but many collections do not have a suitable hierarchy available. In this paper we present a number of approaches for automatically creating hierarchies and mapping items into them, including a novel technique which automatically adapts a Wikipedia-based taxonomy to the target collection. These approaches are applied to a large collection of cultural heritage items which is formed through the aggregation of other collections and for which no unified hierarchy is available. We investigate a number of novel user-evaluated metrics to quantify the hierarchies’ quality and performance, showing that the proposed technique is preferred by users. From this we draw a number of conclusions as to what makes a hierarchy useful to the user.     

From Archive,to Access,to Experience––Historical Documents as a Basis for Immersive Experiences

Libraries have been the key to preserving culture and historic legacy for centuries. One such treasure cataloged in The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) Libraries is a collection of over 33,000 Sanborn? Fire Insurance Maps. Originally kept safe in metal drawers, the library has embarked on a journey to digitize this abundance of information, combine it with other media such as photographs, and make it accessible through a web interface. Inspired by these efforts, we accessed this information and took it to the next level. Using state of the art 3D modeling and immersive technologies, we created a historic 3D model and immersive experiences of Penn State, exemplarily for the 1922 campus. The resulting experiences can be accessed through the web but also through head mounted displays (HMDs) and mobile phones in combination with VR viewers such as the Google Cardboard. Additionally, they can be used anywhere in the world or on the campus itself as a way to enable remote and in situ experiences and learning. Immersive experiences let us connect to the past, the present and the future, and as such offer value to digital cultural heritage efforts.     

Test collection reliability: a study of bias and robustness to statistical assumptions via stochastic simulation

The number of topics that a test collection contains has a direct impact on how well the evaluation results reflect the true performance of systems. However, large collections can be prohibitively expensive, so researchers are bound to balance reliability and cost. This issue arises when researchers have an existing collection and they would like to know how much they can trust their results, and also when they are building a new collection and they would like to know how many topics it should contain before they can trust the results. Several measures have been proposed in the literature to quantify the accuracy of a collection to estimate the true scores, as well as different ways to estimate the expected accuracy of hypothetical collections with a certain number of topics. We can find ad-hoc measures such as Kendall tau correlation and swap rates, and statistical measures such as statistical power and indexes from generalizability theory. Each measure focuses on different aspects of evaluation, has a different theoretical basis, and makes a number of assumptions that are not met in practice, such as normality of distributions, homoscedasticity, uncorrelated effects and random sampling. However, how good these estimates are in practice remains a largely open question. In this paper we first compare measures and estimators of test collection accuracy and propose unbiased statistical estimators of the Kendall tau and tau AP correlation coefficients. Second, we detail a method for stochastic simulation of evaluation results under different statistical assumptions, which can be used for a variety of evaluation research where we need to know the true scores of systems. Third, through large-scale simulation from TREC data, we analyze the bias of a range of estimators of test collection accuracy. Fourth, we analyze the robustness to statistical assumptions of these estimators, in order to understand what aspects of an evaluation are affected by what assumptions and guide in the development of new collections and new measures. All the results in this paper are fully reproducible with data and code available online.     

A multi-collection latent topic model for federated search

Collection selection is a crucial function, central to the effectiveness and efficiency of a federated information retrieval system. A variety of solutions have been proposed for collection selection adapting proven techniques used in centralised retrieval. This paper defines a new approach to collection selection that models the topical distribution in each collection. We describe an extended version of latent Dirichlet allocation that uses a hierarchical hyperprior to enable the different topical distributions found in each collection to be modelled. Under the model, resources are ranked based on the topical relationship between query and collection. By modelling collections in a low dimensional topic space, we can implicitly smooth their term-based characterisation with appropriate terms from topically related samples, thereby dealing with the problem of missing vocabulary within the samples. An important advantage of adopting this hierarchical model over current approaches is that the model generalises well to unseen documents given small samples of each collection. The latent structure of each collection can therefore be estimated well despite imperfect information for each collection such as sampled documents obtained through query-based sampling. Experiments demonstrate that this new, fully integrated topical model is more robust than current state of the art collection selection algorithms.