共享有限资源：Minitex模式的发展

介绍和分析美国明尼苏达州的Minitex馆际借阅系统30年来的发展历史。该系统的独特之处在于：将明尼苏达州、南达科他州、北达科他州的200多家图书馆连成为一体，利用各参与图书馆的资源为三州的学者、公众、政府机构和专业图书馆提供馆际借阅、文献传递、集团采购等服务。这一图书馆网络不仅使得所有参与图书馆的馆藏得到了更充分的利用，而且为资源相对有限的中小型图书馆提供了更强大的服务能力。Minitex模式对国土大、人口多、图书资源紧缺的国家和地区如中国来说特别具有启示意义。     

No more “Magic Aprons”: Longitudinal assessment and continuous improvement of customer service at the University of North Dakota libraries

The University of North Dakota (UND) Libraries have developed a multi-award winning Customer Service Program (CSP) involving longitudinal assessment and continuous improvement. The CSP consists of iterative training modules; constant reinforcement of Customer Service Principles with multiple communication strategies and tools, and incentives that boost morale and foster not only compliance, but initiative-taking and innovation. The CSP became a widely adopted part of campus-wide assessment, beyond the libraries. Subsequent presentations at conferences led to multiple requests and implementation at other libraries.     

Small Collaboration,Big Effort

Abstract

Ask the Librarians-LIVE is a South Dakota collaborative virtual reference service that began in September 2002. Serving a large rural state with a small population, Ask the Librarians-Live has grown to six members, which include five academic libraries and the state library, from three members initially. This article addresses the challenges of providing such a service to not only distance students, but also other library users who do not walk into the library. While all members share a common philosophy of service, there have still been numerous challenges in making the collaboration work.     

Choice for cooperative collection development

Book reviews from Choice, proximity, automation, and committed personnel are the bases for a cooperative collection development project among the Tri-College University Consortium libraries at Moorhead, Minnesota, and Fargo, North Dakota. The purpose of the project is to provide more titles for users of the Consortium libraries without compromising collection quality. Librarians at each library make selections from each issue of Choice, prioritize them, compare them, and decide which library should purchase each selection. The ongoing project, in existence for 15 years, currently diverts more than $59,000 annually to additional purchases. This study concludes that when automation, close proximity, and committed personnel are available, cooperative collection development based on Choice reviews is a worthwhile project and that cooperative collection development as a part of resource sharing is the best way to serve the library needs of the Tri-College University Consortium.     

Powers Reserved to the People: A Guide for Researching Initiatives and Referendums in North Dakota

SUMMARY

The right of the people in North Dakota to initiate or refer laws is guaranteed by Article III of the North Dakota Constitution. This guide provides a short history of the initiative and referendum process in North Dakota; continues with the current petition process and recall practice; includes selected statutes and case law; provides annotations for selected secondary materials; provides selected LexisNexis and Westlaw database identifiers; and concludes with selected Web sites useful for researching initiatives and referendums in North Dakota.     

Researching Initiatives and Referendums: A Guide for South Dakota

SUMMARY

In 1898 the people of South Dakota approved the first constitutional amendment among the several existing states that reserved to the electors legislative powers previously within the sole control of the elected assembly. The amendment gave South Dakota the distinction of being the first in the Union to provide initiative and referendum to the electorate. South Dakota continues to be a state that widely employs the initiative and referendum as a tool for direct government. This article outlines the history of I&R, the basics of its use in this State, and how to locate the documents related to it.     

传统图书馆与图书馆传统

指出所谓“传统图书馆”这个提法本身并不科学,但图书馆传统则是客观存在的。图书 馆传统包括古代图书馆的传统、近代图书馆的传统和现代图书馆的传统。     

我国省级图书馆应属综合性研究图书馆

It is realistically necessary to have the provincial libraries turned into research libraries. Local socialist construction needs comprehensive research libraries with local distinctive features. And it is also the need for the cooperation, the coordination and the professional exchange of regional libraries. According to the international standards and the practice of the development of Chinese libraries, not a few provincial libraries have on the whole already been up to the standard of comprehensive research libraries.ref.7     

The productivity of main services of city libraries: Using the example from the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic

The evaluation of productivity of main services of city libraries using the example of 48 large public libraries and 44 small public libraries from the Czech and the Slovak Republic was performed according to the decomposition of the input-oriented Malmquist index (MI). The results of MI achieved are evaluated using a confidence interval and the bootstrap method. The productivity of main services of public libraries was studied for the year 2016 in comparison with the year 2012. On average, small as well as large libraries exhibit a statistically significant decline in productivity. The average value of the MI of small libraries is 1.29. The average value of the MI of large libraries is 1.16. The deterioration of productivity was caused by lower efficiency of the inputs. The small as well as the large libraries on average exhibit a comparable level of productivity in both studied years. This conclusion is the same for the Czech and for the Slovak libraries as well as for all libraries together. The Czech libraries, when compared with the Slovak ones, achieve better results in terms of productivity. The higher productivity of the Czech libraries in comparison with the Slovak ones is caused by the improvement of efficiency of the inputs, not by the technological changes.     

Requirements and procedures for the “Richards primary law”; debates

Some aspects of the format for the political joint debates held under the South Dakota Primary Law of 1920.¹     

从阅读中心到人类理性的精神家园——对图书馆发展阶段及其特点的再认识

以图书馆主要职能(第一职能)为依据划分图书馆发展阶段,分析图书馆各历史阶段的职能定位,认为近代图书馆是阅读中心,现代图书馆是知识公园。总结图书馆的发展特点,认为其基本特点是服务方式从封闭走向开放,服务对象从精英化走向平民化;图书馆的重要价值是阅读和共享,阅读是图书馆的原生职能,教育、信息和文化是图书馆的次生职能。提出要正确把握图书馆的未来发展--后现代图书馆是学习中心,进而是社会交流中心,图书馆的最高发展目标是成为人类理性的精神家园。     

公共图书馆普法服务的实践与探讨

公共图书馆开展普法服务是承担社会责任的体现,是履行社会教育职能的要求,是进行服务创新的举措。本文总结、梳理了我国公共图书馆开展普法服务的实践和做法,对公共图书馆进一步做好普法服务进行了探讨。     

EBook Interlibrary Loan in American Public Libraries

In recent years, eBook collections have been increasing at a slow but steady rate in both public and academic libraries. With the increasing eBook collections in libraries and the advancements made in information discovering services, users can now discover materials existing outside of their local library more easily. EBooks also offer the potential for quick interlibrary loan delivery. Ironically, eBook interlibrary loan has not become prevalent in libraries. Many studies have been done to explore eBook licensing and interlibrary loan in academic libraries and to offer practical solutions for eBook interlibrary lending. Few studies have been done in public libraries. This study explores the current practice of eBook interlibrary loan activities in American public libraries. Survey questionnaires were distributed to 118 randomly selected public libraries. Questions focused on current eBook interlibrary loan best practices, issues, and obstacles in American public libraries. Findings from this study indicate eBook ILL is not a priority for the surveyed public libraries, and the adoption rate of eBook ILL in public libraries is much lower than that in academic libraries.     

Medical academic libraries in Romania – breaking with the past and turning towards the future

This article is part of a series in this regular feature which looks at new directions in health science libraries. This article provides an updated overview of medical libraries in Romania, with a focus on the academic libraries which function under the patronage of medical schools. Information was collected through a survey questionnaire sent out to Romanian academic medical libraries in March 2017. The responses provide an overall picture of the state of Romanian medical libraries, highlighting the main trends and areas in which progress is evident, as well as the problems confronting these libraries. J.M.     

日本图书馆与漫画收藏

日本是世界上漫画文化最为发达的国家,该国一些图书馆已经尝试收藏漫画,向普通读者提供借阅服务,并逐渐发展成专门的漫画图书馆或公共图书馆中的漫画专藏.根据日本《图书馆法》和《图书馆自由宣言》的精神,该国公共图书馆收藏漫画具有法律依据和理念基础;图书馆收藏漫画的优势在于藏与用结合,保存的同时充分利用漫画.随着对漫画收藏的重视,日本图书馆的漫画收藏体系正在构建.日本图书馆对漫画收藏的经验对我国图书馆做好相关工作具有借鉴意义.     

公共图书馆平民化研究

公共图书馆平民化是公共图书馆的本质属性,平民化建设是公共图书馆事业的发展方向。公共图书馆平民化有五个基本内涵:普及化、社区化、平等性原则、公益性原则、便民性原则。深圳的"图书馆之城"和佛山市的联合图书馆之路,是公共图书馆平民化建设的具体实践。公共图书馆应树立平民化理念,以制度为保障,推进平民化建设。参考文献17。     

低碳图书馆度量与建设研究

图书馆发展必然走向低碳道路。介绍低碳图书馆的理论研究现状,分析图书馆低碳发展的趋势,总结我国低碳图书馆实践活动;在此基础上,提出低碳图书馆的度量标准和评价指标,研究图书馆低碳建设的内容。希望对我国图书馆的低碳建设与评价具有参考意义。