Online Public Access Catalogs and Serials

Online public access catalogs (OPACS) enable the user to search a library's holdings in ways never before possible and to know the status of the desired items before going to the shelf. Serials constitute an important part of a library's collection. Holdings information is a necessary adjunct to bibliographic information. The online catalog of the future will give access to serial literature beyond that held by a library. As users become accustomed to the OPAC's capabilities their expectations for access to information will rise. Libraries should be aware of the factors to be considered when incorporating serials information into an online catalog. They must make decisions on what information their users need and what form of access and display will best meet that need.     

美国图书馆的今天:实践、趋势与挑战

目前,美国的图书馆一般都订有策略性规划,有自己的人事分类体系,建立了内部切磋交流机制和组织机构,十分重视用户工作。其发展呈现如下一些趋势:越来越多地使用电子服务方式;注重书目的双重作用;大力开展远程教育和原文传递服务;推行馆舍联合使用和采编外包及联合购买,等等。不断变化的形势,也给美国的图书馆提出了新的挑战,如如何处理科技消费问题、经费预算不稳和馆员短缺问题、资源价格高居不下和网上色情问题,等等。     

Searching and Browsing the Dewey Decimal Classification in an Online Catalog

In the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) Online Project, subject searching and browsing of DDC Schedules and Relative Index were featured in an experimental online catalog. The effectiveness of this DDC in an online catalog was tested in online retrieval experiments at four participating libraries. These experiments provided data for analyses of subject searchers' use of a library classification in the information retrieval environment of an online catalog. Recommendations were provided for the enhancement of bibliographic records, online catalogs, and online cataloging systems with a library classification. In this paper, subject searchers' use of the subject outline search capability of the experimental online catalog is described. This capability was unique to the experimental online catalog and all other online catalogs, because it referred searchers to online displays of the classification schedules based on their entry of subject terms. Failure analyses of subject outline searches demonstrated its specific strengths and weaknesses. Users' postsearch interview comments highlighted their experiences and their satisfaction with this search. Based on the failure analyses and users' interview comments, recommendations are provided for the improvement of the subject outline search in online catalogs.     

谈哈佛大学图书馆在线联合目录

哈佛大学图书馆根据不同特征的馆藏资源,开发了几种不同类型的在线联合目录。哈佛大学图书馆在线公共联合目录信息系统(OPAC)(简称HOLLIS)、视觉信息存取系统(简称VIA)、在线档案检索信息系统(简称OASIS)、哈佛大学地理空间图书馆信息系统(简称HGL),它们具有各自的特点和服务功能,其以用户为中心的目录服务理念以及新技术的应用很值得借鉴。     

Constructing Record Quality Measures Based on Catalog Use

ABSTRACT

Approaches to the measurement of catalog record quality are discussed. The systematic application of specific evaluation criteria may be more reliable than expert opinion, if not necessarily more accurate, and the construction of an error weightings table based on empirical investigation into catalog use is described. Although this process proved to be complex, and involved significant methodological problems, it was shown to be readily achievable. As catalog use may in many cases be insufficiently uniform across libraries to allow for generic evaluation criteria, it is proposed that cataloging managers construct their own set by studying the impact that record quality has on the particular use of their own catalogs. Thus more empirical research into catalog use is advocated, in order to supplement expert opinion and to build toward a practice of evidence-based cataloging.     

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全球信息网络与东亚馆藏发展周欣平（美国匹兹堡大学东亚图书馆）人类文明的发展至今已经历了三个里程碑：第一个里程碑是手工劳动工具的发展和使用，第二个里程碑是１９世纪末蒸气机的发明以及随之而来的工业产业革命，第三个里程碑就是本世纪中叶计算机的发明。今天，计...     

图书馆在线帮助服务探析

图书馆在线帮助是图书馆提供的辅助用户利用图书馆网站进行信息检索的服务。当前图书馆网站的在线帮助服务普遍存在不利于用户发现、帮助信息针对性不强、更新率低等问题。要想提高在线帮助服务满意度,图书馆必须充分调查了解用户对图书馆在线帮助的需求,为用户提供情景敏感的在线帮助,加强交互式在线帮助,并有针对性地对在线帮助服务进行优化改进。     

User categorization of public library collections

To help users find their way around the large number of titles available, public libraries organize the collection by placing titles on shelves by genre, by adding classification codes in their online catalogs, and by pictograms on book covers. However, users may have different perceptions of how titles are to be grouped in genres or categories. Public library collections will be more accessible when the way their collection is organized matches these users' perceptions. The authors show how user perceptions can be derived from library loan transaction data. To overcome the particular methodological issues in using such data, a method of ultrametric trees and latent class analysis is developed to determine segments of users and how they categorize the collection. Results show clear user categorizations that in particular respects differ from conventional public library categorizations.     

Mountains,Valleys, and Pathways: Serials Users' Needs and Steps to Meet Them

ABSTRACT

An overview of the preliminary analysis of focus group and semi-structured interviews identifies how and why college and university information seekers meet their information needs. In the age of immediate gratification, in certain situations users may settle for information that is quickly and easily available instead of library sources that are considered more authoritative and trustworthy. Meeting user needs in the library environment requires updating library catalogs to implement discovery and recommender services that provide the associations and links that are available to users in other Web-based environments and that meet these users' expectations of online systems and sources.     

下一代图书馆目录在我国的发展分析

以下一代图书馆目录的10个特征为依据,分析国家图书馆、中国科学院文献情报中心、"985"高校图书馆OPAC和资源发现系统向下一代图书馆目录发展的状况,并对这些图书馆发展下一代图书馆目录的水平进行评估与排名。指出资源发现系统较之OPAC更具下一代图书馆目录的特征,我国当前的OPAC和资源发现系统还不是真正意义上的下一代图书馆目录。一站式检索、拼写检查、相关度排序、相关资源推荐、用户参与、RSS是OPAC和资源发现系统较为缺乏的下一代图书馆目录特征。     

Online GIS service

Online GIS services are expanding rapidly as private organizations, government agencies, and libraries are developing Web sites that deliver GIS data, graphics, and metadata. Such services are divided into five categories: graphic snapshots, spatial database catalogs and libraries, map generators, map browsers, and real-time maps and images. Reviews and discussion of these current online GIS services and selected URL's are provided.     

书目征订工作中的读者调查

以烟台大学图书馆为例，阐述了在当前形势下综合院校图书馆在书目征订工作中读者调查的必要性及其做法、体会。     

An evaluation of book availability in Taiwan university libraries: A resource sharing perspective

This study is intended to answer the following questions: Have university libraries in Taiwan acquired books recommended by selection aids? Can university library collections in Taiwan sufficiently fill users' requests? Do libraries of different collection sizes process users' requests in an unbiased and efficient manner?This study employed interviews and document delivery tests. Librarians from 15 university libraries were interviewed to investigate their thoughts on ILL services. Samples from Choice and Bowker's Global Books in Print were searched for through the online catalogs of 148 university libraries. This study concludes that resource sharing will not operate in an equitable way if most user requests are only directed towards a small percentage of Taiwan's university libraries. Without an adequate quantity of volumes in the library collections of any region or country, resource sharing cannot be realized.     

网络环境下电子期刊服务的成功范例——OCLC电子期刊馆藏联机(ECO)

OCLC 电子期刊馆藏联机与OCLC 第一检索的整合使OCLC 电子期刊服务功能增强。文中介绍了OCLC 电子期刊馆藏联机的特色, 访问, 检索与浏览, 管理, 费用控制, 订购, 用户支持等方面的运作。     

美国联机目录中检索点的多余性和唯一性研究概述——许红和兰开斯特的合作研究

联机目录可大大提高主题检索能力 ,人们早已达成共识。F· W·兰开斯特等人于 1991年提出了篇名与分类号更多的是与著作固有的主题发生重合 ,而不是提供更深层次的检索点。据此 ,许红和兰开斯特从 OCLC的联机目录中进行提样研究 ,认为联机目录在检索方面比在提供每本书详尽的主题表达式方面具有更高的区别能力。表 5。图 1。参考文献 6。     

Transcending Library Catalogs: A Comparative Study of Controlled Terms in Library of Congress Subject Headings and User-Generated Tags in LibraryThing for Transgender Books

Perhaps the greatest power of folksonomies, especially when set against controlled vocabularies like the Library of Congress Subject Headings, lies in their capacity to empower user communities to name their own resources in their own terms. This article analyzes the potential and limitations of both folksonomies and controlled vocabularies for transgender materials by analyzing the subject headings in WorldCat records and the user-generated tags in LibraryThing for books with transgender themes. A close examination of the subject headings and tags for twenty books on transgender topics reveals a disconnect between the language used by people who own these books and the terms authorized by the Library of Congress and assigned by catalogers to describe and organize transgender-themed books. The terms most commonly assigned by users are far less common or non-existent in WorldCat. The folksonomies also provide spaces for a multiplicity of representations, including a range of gender expressions, whereas these entities are often absent from Library of Congress Subject Headings and WorldCat. While folksonomies are democratic and respond quickly to shifts and expansions of categories, they lack control and may inhibit findability of resources. Neither tags nor subject headings are perfect systems by themselves, but they may complement each other well in library catalogs. Bringing users’ voices into catalogs through the addition of tags might greatly enhance organization, representation, and retrieval of transgender-themed materials.     

Exploring Goodreads reviews for book impact assessment

Online book reviews reflect readers’ attitudes and opinions and serve as a data source for book impact assessment. Most research has only focused on the number of ratings and reviews to assess the impact of books. However, it is necessary to more thoroughly explore online book reviews, to analyze the viewpoints and sentiments expressed in them and the identity and motivation of the reviewers in order to evaluate the value of different types of book reviews. In this study, we collect Goodreads reviews of books indexed by the Book Citation Index and consider them according to the following three aspects: the popularity of highly cited books in Goodreads, the influence of reviewer roles (of author, librarian, and ordinary user) on book reviews, and the emotions and opinions behind reviewers’ ratings. Results consider the number of books reviewed in different disciplines, the variations in ratings of highly cited and non-highly cited books, differences in book reviews given by the reviewer roles, and the way reviewers express their sentiments about the books. The study concludes that if online reviews are to be used as indicators of book impact assessment, key considerations should include the subject discipline, the reviewer's role, and the sentiment polarity.     

Beyond the Blueprints

Abstract

For most research libraries, remote storage of significant portions of their print collections has become an economic necessity. Historically, user objections to remote storage have focused on access-related issues: i.e., lack of browsability, cumbersome requesting procedures, lengthy retrieval times, and lack of content information about materials held in storage locations. Research libraries today operate in an environment of high user expectations for convenience and immediacy in getting information, and for accessing that information remotely. In an environment filled with such expectations, print materials with no alternate electronic format, stored in off-site facilities, and inadequately described in online catalogs are less likely to get even the occasional usage they merit. Given the necessity of remote storage, research libraries need to address the issue of making stored print collections more accessible. This paper discusses three strategies for enhancing access to remotely stored library collections: (1) user-focused access policies; (2) enhanced OPAC displays; and (3) new technologies for retrieval and delivery.     

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分阶段描述７０年代中期至今联机公共目录检索系统（简称ＯＰＡＣ）发展的主要特点,力图说明用户在ＯＰＡＣ中的作用越来越重要;只有具有内容丰富、检索功能强大、界面友好、面向用户的ＯＰＡＣ,才能适应未来图书馆信息检索发展的需要。     

Open Access Journals in College Library Collections

Students and scholars can take full advantage of Open Access journals only if libraries make them available through mechanisms that are familiar to patrons. This study examines the extent to which American liberal arts colleges have provided access to Open Access journals through their journal title lists (Serials Solutions, Ex Libris, etc.) and their online public access catalogs (OPACs). While 57 percent of the colleges provide access to at least 90 percent of the journals in our sample, 20 percent of the colleges provide access to fewer than 20 percent of the journals. Large and high-impact journals are especially likely to appear in libraries' catalogs and journal lists. There is no systematic trend by publication fee status or country of publication, however. The study concludes with a discussion of the strategies libraries can use to select Open Access journals and add them to their collections.