Variability of Physical Activity Patterns by Type of Day and Season in 8-10-Year-Old Boys

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to generate correction equations for self-reported height and weight quartiles and to test the accuracy of the body mass index (BMI) classification based on corrected self-reported height and weight among 739 male and 434 female college students. The BMIqc (from height and weight quartile-specific, corrected self-reported measurements) provided a more accurate estimation of BMI classification than BMIc (from corrected self-reported measurements) and BMIs (from self-reported measurements) by showing a greater ability to predict cases with either a high or a low BMI category while still maintaining a high specificity. However, the equations are applicable only to Caucasian college student populations, so cross-validation in similar populations is needed before they are used more broadly.     

公安院校大学男生不同BMI指数与身体机能、形态指标的差异性比较研究

采用文献资料法、比较研究法以及数理统计等方法,依据世界卫生组织关于BMI的分型标准对352名浙江警察学院大学男生的部分身体机能及身体形态指标进行统计分析,结果表明:①我校大学男生BMI指数在18.5≤BMI≤25的比例占研究样本的90.6%,总体处于较佳水平;②身高和胸围对肺活量都有显著影响,身体质量以及身高对肺活量的影响呈正相关;③体重超重学生在体脂肪、体脂百分比及腰臀脂肪比指标上与体重正常和处于过轻体重(低体重)的学生均存在非常显著差异。     

Learning from Non-Reported Data: Interpreting Missing Body Mass Index Values in Young Children

The objective of this study was to examine the pattern of relations between missing weight and height (BMI) data and a range of demographic, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and academic measures in a young sample of elementary school children. A secondary analysis of a large cross-sectional study, PLAY-On, was conducted using self-reported data from a convenience sample of fifth- to eighth-grade students (9–14 years) attending 30 elementary schools in Ontario, Canada. Items assessed related to demographics (age, gender, and ethnicity), physical activity (energy expenditure, location, and sport participation), sedentary behavior (communication and screen-time), and academics. Of the 2,111 children who were included in the analyses, 960 (45.5%) were missing BMI data. Children without BMI data were more likely to be younger, female, of non-white ethnicity, have lower daily energy expenditure values, not participate in school sports, and have lower-rated academic standing than those children with BMI data. Overall, this study demonstrates characteristics of children who fail to self-report their height or weight. The trend for younger children to be more likely to fail to report BMI suggests that some children may be unmotivated non-responders. Meanwhile, the trend for girls to be more likely to fail to report weight than boys indicates that some girls may be motivated non-responders. Self-report BMI might include too much missing data to be effective for determining children's progress toward previously established targets for intervention and surveillance efforts.     

High Body Mass Index is not a barrier to physical activity: Analysis of international rugby players’ anthropometric data

Abstract

Recent data indicate that levels of overweight and obesity are increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. At a population level (and commonly to assess individual health risk), the prevalence of overweight and obesity is calculated using cut-offs of the Body Mass Index (BMI) derived from height and weight. Similarly, the BMI is also used to classify individuals and to provide a notional indication of potential health risk.

It is likely that epidemiologic surveys that are reliant on BMI as a measure of adiposity will overestimate the number of individuals in the overweight (and slightly obese) categories. This tendency to misclassify individuals may be more pronounced in athletic populations or groups in which the proportion of more active individuals is higher. This differential is most pronounced in sports where it is advantageous to have a high BMI (but not necessarily high fatness). To illustrate this point we calculated the BMIs of international professional rugby players from the four teams involved in the semi-finals of the 2003 Rugby Union World Cup. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) cut-offs for BMI, approximately 65% of the players were classified as overweight and approximately 25% as obese.

These findings demonstrate that a high BMI is commonplace (and a potentially desirable attribute for sport performance) in professional rugby players. An unanswered question is what proportion of the wider population, classified as overweight (or obese) according to the BMI, is misclassified according to both fatness and health risk? It is evident that being overweight should not be an obstacle to a physically active lifestyle. Similarly, a reliance on BMI alone may misclassify a number of individuals who might otherwise have been automatically considered fat and/or unfit.     

2003年陕西省大学生体质状况总体分析

同1995年相比, 2003年陕西省大学生的身高、血压均上升, 肺活量下降幅度较大。从BMI指数的统计和评价看, 目前陕西省大学生中, 56 5%的男生的体重基本在正常体重范围内, 54 9%的女生偏瘦。柔韧素质总体水平下降, 其它指标各有差异。     

BF%和BMI法对体育专业男大学生营养状况评价的效度研究

目的：探讨应用BF%和BMI两种方法对体育专业男大学生营养状况评价的效度。方法：选取140名体育专业男大学生,用BF%法和BMI法对其进行营养状况评价。结果显示,采用BF%法和BMI法对140名男大学生营养状况的判别结果不尽相同,其中BMI法＂超重＋肥胖＂及偏瘦的检出率均较高,而正常体重者检出率较低。若按BF%标准判别,则BMI正常者中有可能出现被掩盖的低脂肪或高脂肪者。说明体育专业部分男大学生体成分呈现低脂肪、高肌肉型特征,建议对其营养状况评价采用BF%法较BMI更科学。     

新疆高校哈萨克族教职工身体健康状况的研究

通过统计体重、身高等体格检查项目和体重指数（BMI）与高血压等慢性病的患病率间的关系,以教职工主体为哈萨克族、汉族组成的新疆高校作为样本,对哈萨克族、汉族教职工身体健康状况作了比较全面的对比调查分析,确认该院教职工肥胖率患者人数达50%,高血压患病率居高,各种慢性病患者人数占总人数的85.3%,针对该局面,探讨体育锻炼组织形式和开展全民健身活动联系,提出相关建议。     

对评价大学生身体成分方法的研究

为研究在校大学生身体成分测量的最佳方法,采用皮褶法、生物电阻抗法(BAI)、身体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)和身高标准体重法,分别对随机抽取的220名大学生进行身体成分测试,并进行相关分析。结果发现:1.BAI、皮褶法、BMI和WHR可用来测量和评价大学生的身体成分,但其准确性依次是BAI>皮褶法>BMI>WHR;2.《标准》中身高标准体重不能客观有效地评价身体成分,故建议选用体脂百分比。     

不同BMI等级大学生间身体素质的比较研究

通过文献资料调研,对2005年浙江省学生体质健康监测中大学生的各项身体素质与其身体形态指标数据进行相关研究,揭示了大学生BMI与其各项身体素质之间的关系。结果显示:不同BMI等级大学生间的各项身体素质存在明显的差异,肥胖、超重和体重过低都会影响大学生身体素质的发展;BMI正常的学生的身体素质明显好于BMI偏低或偏高的学生;BMI偏低的学生身体素质又好于BMI偏高的学生;BMI偏高的主要影响是使学生的耐力、速度和相对肌肉力量素质下降;BMI偏低会使学生的力量素质和柔韧性下降。     

大学男生BMI的分型与身体机能和素质的差异性比较研究

依据世界卫生组织对BMI的分型理论和浙江省2000年国民体质监测大学生数据库中的测量数据,计算浙江省大学男生的BMI和不同BMI的大学男生的各项体质监测指标的统计数据,对不同BMI的大学男生的身体机能和身体素质进行全面系统地比较分析,从中可揭示其所存在的特有规律。     

Daily steps in midlife and older adults: relationship with demographic, self-rated health, and self-reported physical activity

The relationship between average daily step counts and age, body mass index (BMI), self-reported physical activity (PA) level, and perceived health was determined in 85 middle-aged and older adults who wore a pedometer for 7 consecutive days. Average daily steps were significantly (p < .05) correlated with BMI (r = -.26), age (r = -.44) and perceived health (r = .53) but not with self-reported PA level (r = .19). The adjusted percentage of participants classified as meeting the PA recommendation in < or = 5,000, 5,001-9,999, and > or = 10,000 steps/day categories ranged from 53 to 61%. These findings support previous evidence in younger populations suggesting that the recommended minimal level of health-related PA may be achieved despite not accumulating 10,000 steps/day.     

大学生体质与健康状况的追踪调查研究

本文采用文献资料法、数理统计法,对目前02级3400名男女大学生的体质与健康状况进行了连续四年的追踪调查与研究,结果表明：（1）男、女大学生进入大学后身高和体重都有一定程度的增长但已趋于平缓;（2）男、女大学生体质指数分布曲线呈“细峰右尾”型;（3）男、女大学生的身体机能指标（肺活量/体重指数）以及身体素质变化趋势为先上升后略有下降。     

Biological maturity-associated variance in peak power output and momentum in academy rugby union players

The study aimed to evaluate the mediating effect of biological maturation on anthropometrical measurements, performance indicators and subsequent selection in a group of academy rugby union players. Fifty-one male players 14–17 years of age were assessed for height, weight and BMI, and percentage of predicted mature status attained at the time of observation was used as an indicator of maturity status. Following this, initial sprint velocity (ISV), Wattbike peak power output (PPO) and initial sprint momentum (ISM) were assessed. A bias towards on-time (n?=?44) and early (n?=?7) maturers was evident in the total sample and magnified with age cohort. Relative to UK reference values, weight and height were above the 90th and 75th centiles, respectively. Significant (p?≤?.01) correlations were observed between maturity status and BMI (r?=?.48), weight (r?=?.63) and height (r?=?.48). Regression analysis (controlling for age) revealed that maturity status and height explained 68% of ISM variance; however, including BMI in the model attenuated the influence of maturity status below statistical significance (p?=?.72). Height and BMI explained 51% of PPO variance, while no initial significant predictors were identified for ISV. The sample consisted of players who were on-time and early in maturation with no late maturers represented. This was attributable, in part, to the mediating effect of maturation on body size, which, in turn, predicted performance variables.     

The Physique of Women Students at Newcomb College of Tulane University. I. Stature and Weight

Abstract

The physique of women students at Newcomb College of Tulane University. I. Stature and weight. Harley N. Gould, Department of Biology, Newcomb College of Tulane University.

The investigation makes use of twenty years' records of physical measurements taken twice a year on a student population of whom about 80 per cent are from Louisiana. The mean stature of 2991 entering freshmen of the years 1909 to 1928, inclusive, is 63.34 inches and the mean weight of 2993 of them is 116.22 pounds. In the twenty years involved there is no consistent upward or downward trend of freshman height or weight, though the students of the last nine years average slightly taller than those of the first eleven years. Grouped by ages, the entering students fail to show any consistent relation of height or weight with age.

During four college sessions, students increase in height, on the average, three-tenths of an inch, and in weight, nine-tenths of a pound. Height increment is added chiefly in the first two years, and more in winter than in summer. Weight consistently tends to decrease in the winter and increase in the summer throughout the four college years, except for the winter of the freshman year, when the losses and gains nearly balance. Since 1919-20 the seasonal change in weight is much less than in the preceding years. A trend toward slenderness is indicated from 1924 to 1927.     

6周有氧运动对肥胖大学生身体形态、身体素质和血脂的影响

对肥胖大学生进行为期6周有氧运动干预,观察其身体形态、身体素质和血脂的影响,探究运动减肥对肥胖大学生身体健康的促进作用。选取38名BMI≥28的在校大学生,年龄在18-20周岁。开课前、结课后进行身高、体重、胸围、体脂率、基础代谢率、空腹血糖、空腹血脂等各项指标检查。减脂课程持续6周,每周一、三、五进行11.5小时有氧运动,并进行适当的饮食控制,比较各项指标。6周有氧运动加合理饮食对肥胖大学生身体形态指标、身体素质指标以及生理生化指标均有明显改善。     

Is three-dimensional anthropometric analysis as good as traditional anthropometric analysis in predicting junior rowing performance?

Abstract With the use of three-dimensional whole body scanning technology, this study compared the 'traditional' anthropometric model [one-dimensional (1D) measurements] to a 'new' model [1D, two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) measurements] to determine: (1) which model predicted more of the variance in self-reported best 2000-m ergometry rowing performance; and (2) what were the best anthropometric predictors of ergometry performance, for junior rowers competing at the 2007 and 2008 Australian Rowing Championships. Each rower (257 females, 16.3?±?1.4 years and 243 males, 16.6?±?1.5 years) completed a performance and demographic questionnaire, had their mass, standing and sitting height physically measured and were landmarked and scanned using the Vitus Smart? 3D whole body scanner. Absolute and proportional anthropometric measurements were extracted from the scan files. Partial least squares regression analysis, with anthropometric measurements and age as predictor variables and self-reported best 2000-m ergometer time as the response variable, was used to first compare the two models and then to determine the best performance predictors. The variance explained by each model was similar for both male [76.1% (new) vs. 73.5% (traditional)] and female [72.3% (new) vs. 68.6% (traditional)] rowers. Overall, absolute rather than proportional measurements, and 2D and 3D rather than 1D measurements, were the best predictors of rowing ergometry performance, with whole body volume and surface area, standing height, mass and leg length the strongest individual predictors.     

Tracking of Gross Motor Coordination From Childhood Into Adolescence

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze tracking and stability of motor coordination in children from age 6 years to ages 9 and 13 years. Method: Data were from the Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study. Motor coordination (MC) was measured using the körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) test. The crude performance score on every item was converted into a standardized “score” based on the original German reference study, which was used to generate a total standardized motor coordination (MQ) score. The MQ scores, which represented children's level of gross MC, were classified as low (MQ score < 85), normal (MQ score = 85–115), or high (MQ score>115). Pearson correlation was used to calculate the tracking coefficients of each KTK element and MQ score, and weighted kappa was used to analyze maintenance in MC classification groups. Mixed-effects logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the odds of remaining in the low MC group over time based on body mass index (BMI), weight, and height tertiles. Results: Tracking coefficients among the MQ score and each KTK element at different ages were moderate (r>.35). Children in the highest BMI and weight tertiles had a 5.44 and 5.15 times greater chance to be in the lower MC classification group during the 7-year follow-up, respectively, in comparison with children in their lowest tertiles. Conclusion: MC tracked moderately through childhood to early adolescence. Because heavier children had a greater chance to be in the lower MC group at older ages, intervention may be useful at earlier ages for those with lower MC and disadvantageous weight status.     

不同身体质量指数与体力活动水平对大学生自觉健康状态的影响

比较不同身体质量指数与体力活动水平对大学生自觉健康状态的影响,研究对象的平均年龄20.23±0.96岁。在体力活动高度活跃、不活跃时身体质量指数正常、超重大学生的自觉健康状态得分均明显高于肥胖程度大学生(P<0.05)。除了体重过轻组以外,在其它三种身体质量指数下,体力活动高度活跃的大学生自觉健康状态得分最高(P<0.05)。     

不同体质指数大学生体质特征研究

为研究不同类型大学生的形态、机能和素质等特征,以南京理工大学19～22岁7204名在校学生的体质测试成绩为依据,运用数据截取和数理统计法,根据体质指数大小进行分类,并对4种类型的男女大学生的体质特征进行了分析与对比。结果表明:学生体质指数总体上处于良好状态;体重偏低组男生多为瘦长体型,超重男生多为身体敦实类型,体重偏低的女生多为瘦长体型,肥胖组女生身材多属矮胖体型;体重偏轻学生得分普遍较高,肥胖学生的得分普遍较低,其运动能力受到体重的制约,超重组女生爆发力较好。     

不同BMI水平大学生的体质对比分析

本研究通过对大学生进行《国家学生体质健康标准》的测试成绩按BMI指数分组,分析BMI对学生体质的影响。为高校体育教育提高理论依据,从而使教师对BMI指数有正确的认识,并指导学生通过科学的锻炼身体,提高学生的自身体质。