Price response in persistence decisions: An analysis of the high school and beyond senior cohort

It is well established in the research literature that student financial aid has a positive influence on year-to-year persistence. However, there has been no prior research on price responsiveness in persistence decisions. This article examines the influence of the amounts of student financial aid received and tuition charged on year-to-year persistence by college students in the high school class of 1980. The principal finding is that the persistence decisions of college students in the early 1980s were more responsive to increases in student aid than to tuition increases. This finding suggests that persistence rates can be improved if institutions increase need-based aid for currently enrolled students when tuition is increased each year, or if government student aid increases over the levels provided in the 1980s.Presented at the Seventh Annual NASSGP/NCHELP Research Conference, Washington, D.C., May 16, 1990.     

The Cape Town statement on characteristic elements of a lifelong learning higher education institution

We see a key purpose of lifelong learning as democratic citizenship.…Democratic citizenship highlights the importance of women and men as agents of history in all aspects of their lives. (As quoted by Professor Kadar Asmal, National Minister of Education of South Africa at the opening of the Cape Town Conference, 10 October 2000.) This statement grew out of a need recognized by adult and higher educators, scholars and specialists in the area of adult and lifelong learning to build on previous work focusing on transforming institutions of higher education into institutions of lifelong learning. It continues the work begun at the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education in Hamburg, Germany, 1997, continued at the University of Mumbai, India in 1998, and the UNESCO World Conference on Higher Education in Paris in 1998. It was developed at the Conference on Lifelong Learning, Higher Education and Active Citizenship from the 10–12 October 2000 in Cape Town which was co-hosted by University of Western Cape, UNESCO Institute of Education and the Adult Education Research Group of the Danish National University of Education.     

Researching race/ethnicity and educational inequality in the Netherlands: A critical review of the research literature between 1980 and 2008

This article describes and critically analyzes how educational sociologists in the Netherlands have studied the relationship between race/ethnicity and educational inequality between 1980 and 2008. Five major research traditions are identified: (1) political arithmetic; (2) racism and ethnic discrimination; (3) school characteristics; (4) school choice; and (5) family background. The development of particular research traditions is explained by pointing to more general developments in terms of social policy and intellectual climate in the Netherlands. This study builds on a similar, recently published literature review that focuses on the UK context by critically comparing the development and findings from these different bodies of research literature. The conclusions suggest that the Netherlands, like England, developed strong research traditions in this area of research since the 1980s and that both countries can learn from each other and advance future research in this area by developing more comprehensive research agendas. More generally, this review illustrates the usefulness of conducting nationally comparative literature reviews in assessing the development of particular bodies of research and in bringing together knowledge produced in different national settings.     

Needs to enhance creativity and productivity in teacher education throughout Asia

In spite of the varieties and the differences in race, religion, language, value and way of life in Asia, there has been one common characteristic that is self-sufficiency. However, from the western Colonial Period until now, Asia has been entirely the dependent and consumer. The author proposes that what Asia needs are creativity and productivity to balance Asia with the other parts of the world. This leads to the necessity of Proactive Teacher Education throughout Asia. Five processes or Panca-Vithi is also proposed in this paper. This paper is presented as a keynote speech at the 3rd iAPED International Conference on Education Research, Seoul National University, Korea, October 24-25, 2002.     

一片尚待开发的诗歌森林——“十七年”新诗选本研究综述

中国当代文学对“十七年”新诗选本的研究,有一条“马鞍形”轨迹：“十七年”时人评论的高潮、1980-1990年代的冷清以及21世纪以来的回暖。这主要表现在三个方面：一些当代文学史研究中的“赋魅”与“祛魅”批评、相关著述研究中的“冷热不均”现象以及对一些重要新诗选本研究的不足。总体而言,中国当代文学对“十七年”新诗选本的研究仍有许多问题值得我们去总结与思考。     

Critical adult learning of asian immigrant workers: A social network perspective

An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2006 Adult Education Research Conference, May 20, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to This study reveals how the social networks of immigrant workers play a key role in mediating critical learning towards a particular political attitude. Theoretical relationships between critical learning and political attitudes were set up and four types of political attitudes were identified. A “resistant political attitude” was conceptually linked to critical learning, and this link was investigated by using social network analysis. Finally, based on the social network analysis, we argue that both the network size and network position of immigrant workers who represented a resistant political attitude tended to shape critical adult learning when they were associated with the collective reinterpretation of the immigrant workers’ social lives.     

Postsecondary policy and management in the Far East: a comparative study

Over the past decade, there has been a revolution in policy, planning and management practices in higher education in the developed world. The decline in the traditional college-age population and the stressful fiscal conditions of the late 1970s and early 1980s, after over two decades of growth, were catalysts for new approaches to public policy and institutional management. There has also been increased research on the effectiveness of policy and management methodologies in the West. This paper explores the applicability of contemporary western policy and management methodologies to the technical sector of postsecondary education in three Far Eastern countries: Pakistan, Bangladesh and the Philippines. Case studies are analyzed to explore the applicability of these methodologies to the developing world. The major finding is that, because of new conditions facing higher education in these countries, contemporary approaches to policy and management are applicable. However, specific methodologies require adaptation to accommodate the political, institutional and cultural environments in these settings.An earlier version of this paper was presented at American Education Research Association, 1986 Annual Meeting.     

新历史主义的理论优势及当代意义

兴起于20世纪六七十年代的新历史主义,自上世纪80年代被介绍到中国以来,已经经历了近30个年头,其一度在中国掀起了新历史主义研究的热潮,至今仍对中国的学术界产生着重要的影响,在此背后所彰显出的是其巨大的理论优势和话语空间,这里试图着眼于新历史主义理论优势和当代意义的梳理和挖掘,进而辩证思考当下学术界对它的评价。     

老舍研究60年历史审视

建国后老舍研究大体分为四个阶段,即十七年的缓步发展期、80年代的文本研究、90年代向人本世界转换以及新世纪以来在低潮中深入发展。老舍研究是中国现代文学研究的一个重要方面,探寻60年老舍研究发展脉络,不仅有益于深化老舍研究,而且会推进中国现代文学研究。     

Postcolonialism in Morrison’ s Works——exemplified with The Bluest Eye

As the first African American woman winner of the Nobel Prize for literature,Toni Morrison is the most outstanding African-American woman author of the 20th century and the brightest star in contemporary African-American literary arena.Toni Morrison is a voluminous writer and she has published nine novels up to the present.Since 1980,her works have been getting more and more widespread attention from literary critics of the world since 1980s.The topic of postcolonialism has been the one of the focuses of Morrison’ s novels.This paper is a literature review of Toni Morrison and postcolonialism in her works including the following points:a brief introduction to Morrison and her works,the research on Morrison,the post colonial theory and postcolonialism in Morrison’ s works.     

中国石油文学研究30年

作为一种特殊的文学题材,中国当代石油文学创作取得了巨大成就。中国当代石油文学研究真正开始于上世纪80年代,无论是整体把握还是微观探讨,30年来的中国石油文学研究都取得了丰硕成果,但缺陷也显而易见。     

Lessons from Adult Education: Identifying and Exploring Emerging Ethical Issues in Technologically Enhanced Performance

Technologically Enhanced Performance (TEP) is the application of technology to improve the performance of knowledge workers. TEP is both an intellectual and ideological complement to the field of Adult Education. As such, much can be learned about ethical issues associated with implementing TEP from the established research and literature base in Adult Education. The application of TEP in organizations brings to light at least six as‐yet‐unresolved ethical dilemmas that have been identified through empirical research of Adult Education/ Training and Development practitioners: Confidentiality, Ownership of Instructional Materials, Conflicts of Interest, Finance and Financial Issues, Evaluating Student Performance, and Professional Competence and Credentials (Gordon & Sork, 2001; McDonald & Wood, 1993). Essential to resolving these issues is a framework for effective ethical decision making. McDonald's model on ways to reconcile ethical dilemmas in practice proposes that individual characteristics, the organization's ethical environment, and the profession's views of ethics are key factors which can contribute to this framework for ethical decision making. As organizations wrestle with these ethical issues in TEP, they should consider how well they support ethical decision making.     

Postcolonial Literature and the Politics of Representation in School Programs

This article explores theoretical and pedagogical frameworks for re-evaluating literary curricula and reading practices in contemporary school classrooms. Data from a study of students' responses to reading international literature in a multi-ethnic urban Canadian high school and conversations with South African high school students on their reading preferences ground this discussion of how students and teachers can cross borders constructed within discourses of race, gender, and ethnicity. Drawing on postcolonial literary theory, critical theory, and reader response theories, the article considers the questions, concerns, and dilemmas that emerge when students begin to deconstruct misrepresentations of "others" in literary texts and acknowledge challenges to their perceptions of self.     

A Review of Spectrum Research: The Contributions of Two Eras

Research on Mosston's (1966, 1981) and subsequently Mosston and Ashworth's (1986, 1994) Spectrum of Teaching Styles has been conducted for more than three decades. The Spectrum has provided PETE researchers with a framework to systematically study teaching and learning in physical education. In this paper, Spectrum research completed over the past 30 years is reviewed in light of the development and refinement of the Spectrum of Teaching Styles. The review of literature is organized around two time periods, the 1970s to the early 80s, and the mid 1980s to the present, to exemplify the link between the development of Spectrum research and the evolution of the Spectrum of Teaching Styles. What we have learned about the reproductive and productive clusters of Spectrum teaching styles based on research is discussed as well as future directions for Spectrum research     

Engaging Undergraduate Students in Research Activities: Are Research Universities Doing a Better Job?

Engaging undergraduate students in research activities has been advocated as an innovative strategy to improve American higher education (Boyer Commission, Reinventing undergraduate education: A blueprint for America’s research universities. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Stony Brook, NY, 1998). This study compared the frequency of undergraduate student research experiences at different types of colleges and universities from the early 1990s through 2004. The results indicate that the frequency of student research experiences increased since 1998 at all types of institutions and that students at research universities were not more likely than their counterparts elsewhere to have such experiences. The findings were consistent across major fields. To live up to their claims, research universities must find additional ways to involve undergraduates in research with faculty members. Shouping Hu is Associate Professor of Higher Education at Florida State University. He received his M.S. degree in Economics and Ph.D. in Higher Education from Indiana University. His research and scholarship focuses on postsecondary access and persistence, college student experience, and higher education finance. George D. Kuh is Chancellor’s Professor of Higher Education and Director of the Center for Postsecondary Research at Indiana University Bloomington. He received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Iowa. His research focuses on the quality of undergraduate education. Joy Gaston Gayles is Associate Professor in Adult and Higher Education at North Carolina State University. She received her Bachelor’s degree from Shaw University, Master’s degree from Auburn University, and Ph.D. in Higher Education from The Ohio State University. Her research focuses on college student learning and development.     

近十年来中国高等教育研究主题的“变”与“不变”——以《中国高教研究》刊发的论文为样本

科学是一个具有层次性的系统,既有宏观层次上稳定性的特征,又有微观层次上变动性的特征。从"变"与"不变"两个维度,以《中国高教研究》期刊近10年发表的论文为样本,以词频分析、共词分析、数据可视化等先进的文献计量学工具为方法,在一定程度上揭示出了国内近十年来高等教育研究主题方面发展与演变的轨迹及其背后的部分规律,同时也在一定程度上反映出了《中国高教研究》的刊物特色。     

Social Control,Social Policy and Adult Education

This paper contrasts a number of different cultures existing within Adult Education. It incorporates theoretical perspectives from Bourdieu and Williams with case‐study material obtained through observation, questionnaire and interview at a South London adult education centre in 1986/87. Bourgeois culture is seen as the exception rather than the rule in adult education. Adult education provides space for a number of alternative cultural formulations, but they operate within a predominantly middle‐class atmosphere. Equal opportunities and the social justice dimension of adult education represent a new cultural formulation, but without further developmental work cannot yet be regarded as significant interventions in a society deeply divided by gender, race and class. While the case‐study material is set in the UK of the 1980s, the theoretical perspectives are relevant to the persistence of inequality in many advanced industrial countries.     

理论研究与文学批评的有机融合——评黄擎专著《视野融合与批评话语》

互通与交流已经成为新时代语境中文学研究的发展方向,青年学者黄擎所著《视野融合与批评话语》在较高的学理层面上实现了文学理论、当代文学史研究与文学批评三者的有机融合,表现出了敏锐而明确的问题意识、强烈的现实关怀和有感而发严谨为文的学风。     

高师地理科学专业合作教育模式研究设想

国际产学合作教育是当今国际先进的教育方式.我国自上世纪80年代开始推进产学研结合,2006年产学研结合已提升到国家战略高度.国内地理科学专业产学研合作教育有待深入研究与实践.为此提出了高师地理科学专业合作教育模式研究设想：基于＂做中学＂和＂教学做合一＂的教育理念,根据地理科学实践性强的学科特点,深化实践教学改革,通过地理科学专业实习体系构建与校外基地建设、中学地理教育实习体系构建与校外基地建设、校地科研合作和校校教研合作项目开展与平台建设,构建具有地理科学专业特色和高师地理教育特色的产学研合作教育模式,从根本上提高学生的职业素养和就业能力.     

Who benefits from illiteracy? Literacy and empowerment

Formerly Associate Professor of Adult Education at the University of Dar es Salaam (1970–79) and Director of the Institute of Adult Education, United Republic of tanzania (1979–81). His fields of competence include literacy, adult education and participatory research. Author ofThe Adult Education Revolution in Tanzania and co-editor ofParticipatory Research: An Emerging Alternative Methodology in Social Science Research.