成人教育社会学研究的回顾与展望

成人教育与社会发展有着天然的联系。运用社会学的原理和方法研究成人教育的成人教学也应是成人教育学体系中的支柱性学科。然而。目前世界尤其是我国成人教育社会学研究发展的实然状态与其应然状态相比有着不小的差距。本文对成人教育社会学研究作一概览性回顾与前瞻，以期能对成人教育社会学研究的发展有所裨益。     

The educational imagination and the sociology of education in Australia

A remarkable feature of the sociology of education is its proliferation under a broad gamut of research themes and topics. Understanding the relationship of education to social reproduction and social change are pivotal to the sociology of education, and have fruitfully informed research in fields such as gender and education, vocational education and lifelong learning, policy sociology in education, cultural sociology of education, literacy, social justice and education, globalisation and education. Tracking the historical trajectory of the sociology of education in Australia, this article underlines the productivity of educational research and methodological advances in the fields of gender, literacy, and policy. It also points to the failure of the sociology of education and educational research to engage with the education system’s complicity in reproducing Indigenous and ethnic disadvantage. I argue for an sociology of education along lines envisaged by Emile Durkheim who recognised the importance of understanding education systems past and present, so that educators might comprehend the relationship of education to social change. New theories, methodologies and fields of education play an important role in informing understandings of contemporary education. However, if education and educational research are to inform social futures, they require an educational imagination able to account for achievements and deficiencies; an educational imagination able to undertake theoretical deliberations about the social and material conditions, struggles and occlusions that have and continue to constitute the purpose and practice of education.     

近代国外教育社会学在中国的译介与导入

作为一门学科的教育社会学理论体系起源于欧美,它是借＂西学东渐＂之风,通过对国外（主要是欧美和日本）教育社会学理论著作的译介,在中国从无到有渐渐兴起的。国外教育社会学的译介与导入对于近代中国教育社会学发展来说,既是基础性的工作,也是必经的过程。近代学者正是借助这些译著,通过吸收和借鉴其中的理论和方法,建构出我国自己的教育社会学学科理论体系。认真总结近代中国教育社会学的译介和导入,有助于我们对这门学科建设有更加清晰的历史认识。     

透视残障理论的社会学观点

“残障”问题不只是特殊教育的问题,而是深植于社会的问题,任何残障理论模式的形成主要取决于人们对于残障现象的理解和认识。本文拟从社会学视角关注对残障的理解,从符号互动的本质、当局者的观点和社会生态系统观出发,阐述了不同于传统残障理解的社会学新范式,旨在帮助人们质疑传统的残障医学模式,认同更为合理的残障社会学模式,实现残障干预向社会人环境目标的认识转变。     

Reclaiming Commitment to Social Justice through Relevant Adult and Continuing Education in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Reclaiming commitment to social justice through widening access to education, using the medium of relevant adult and continuing education, requires people to have the ability to initiate ideas, to act and to take their destiny in their own hands. This article postulates that deploying relevant adult and continuing education in the quest for social justice leading to freeing oppressed Sub-Saharan Africans is possible. It was partly for this reason that the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) came up with standard setting instruments measuring the effectiveness of inclusive education among its member states and, towards that goal, sponsored a limited study to assess how much has been done globally. The outcomes of that study have influenced the propositions made in the article that is structured against the background of the opportunities and/or challenges posed by the demand for social justice by way of widening access to education and learning. The article makes suggestions for ensuring that relevant adult and continuing education provides valuable service in reclaiming the needed commitment to social justice.     

略论强纲领与社会学有限主义的关系

有学者主张，从强纲领到社会学有限主义构成了爱丁堡学派的一次理论转向。但是，强纲领和社会学有限主义的倡导者和评论者都从未说明或暗示存在那样一个理论转向，并且强纲领和有限主义的内容从逻辑上说也不可能构成简单的竞争或替代关系。正好相反，从强纲领到社会学有限主义是爱丁堡学派理论的一次深度拓展，对这一拓展的完整论述有赖于以相对主义为中介对爱丁堡学派理论论证的合理重建。     

论西方社会学理论的教与学

西方社会学理论作为一门元理论,构成社会学所有专业的基础课程,并提供了分析社会现象及社会问题的理论视角和方法论背景。纵向的历史理路与横向的专题聚焦,是西方社会学理论教与学的两种基本角度。西方社会学理论的教与学应遵循客观陈述与研讨探索相结合、把握结论与思考过程相结合、阅读原著与课堂讨论相结合、横向比较与纵向联结相结合以及理论与现实相结合的基本原则。     

西方批判课程理论试探

批判课程理论产生的社会历史背景是西方“唯科学主义”的泛滥、社会公正的衰微以及人的意识的日益虚假化，其哲学基础是人本主义哲学理论之一的“社会批判理论”，社会学基础则是20世纪70年代以后流行于英美的“新教育社会学”。整体论、理性观、批判认识论为理论基础，批判课程论的课程哲学观。批判课程理论在对传统课程范式进行批判的基础之上视课程为“反思性实践”，并关注学校教育及其课程的相对自主性、教师和学生的能动作用、学校化中的矛盾和冲突性质。     

Flowers of argument and engagement? Reconsidering critical perspectives on adult education and literate practices

This paper takes up an existing discussion around critical perspectives on adult education, in particular how empowerment and emancipation have been understood. Previously in this journal, concern has been raised with traditional understandings of critical adult education. The problem is that these tend to assume that learners require assistance from experts, be they teachers or researchers, in order to gain understanding of how they are oppressed. The purpose of this paper is to present a deeper engagement with this concern through an examination of how both empowering and emancipatory adult education have been understood and practised. The demarcation is examined in the context of the historical development of critical understandings and practices associated with adult literacies learning, as a significant field of adult education where the idea of empowerment and emancipation has been theorised. The ideas and practices associated with empowering literacies are defended as ways for learners to gain positions from which to speak and be heard, as well as support participation in work, community and family life. Informed by the ideas of Jacques Rancière, there is also acknowledgement that societal inequalities are increasing, necessitating a need to consider how adult education might encourage political transformation and emancipation.     

我国成人社会化与成人教育研究：回顾与展望

社会化作为社会学的重要内容之一,一直以来都是研究者探讨的热点问题。随着成人教育社会学的发展,成人教育学界将成人社会化与成人教育问题联系起来并形成一系列研究成果。在系统地回顾近年来我国成人社会化与成人教育研究状况的基础上,展望其发展态势,有助于充实成人教育社会学学科体系。     

福柯的社会学家身份探讨

从社会学研究主题、研究方法、社会学界限三个方面探讨了福柯的社会学家身份。然而福柯是不是社会学家并不重要,重要的是他对社会学研究发展的贡献,他的思想对于社会学研究的价值在于:他引导我们对社会生活的观察走出了规范化认识,让我们意识到那些熟悉并自以为然的事并非那么想当然所以发生和存在。     

比较教育和社会学的关系史及其分析

本文基于西方比较教育发展的社会科学化史观,首先考察了社会学视野中的比较教育与社会学的历史关系,然后提出比较教育在问题域的形成、措辞方式、理论框架的构建、方法论的建立等方面都借用了社会学的话语、理论和方法.最后指出比较教育应创造出供其他学科消费的知识产品,以改变单向度借用的状态,最终促进自身的不断发展.     

Review Essay

This article provides a critical sociological analysis of trends and perspectives pervasive during the emergence of North American adult education (1919–1970). In discussing transitions during the first 50 years of what is considered modern practice, it draws on Webster E. Cotton's (1986, On Behalf of Adult Education: A Historical Examination of the Supporting Literature. Boston, MA: Center for the Study of Liberal Education for Adults) periodization model—modified a few years later—to organize people, politics, and ideas as categories shaping North American adult education. In exploring this complexity, the article reflects on the perennial difficulty of answering the question ‘What is adult education?’ Following brief considerations of periods one (1919–1929) and two (1930–1946) in the field’s emergence, the article focuses on period three (1947–1970) in more detail, providing critical perspectives on field expansion during the perceived corporate age of adult education. It considers how adult education and constituent higher adult education were each affected as the field of study and practice negotiated the knowledge–culture–language–power nexus where it sought presence and place. Then, comparing the historical example of post-World War II North American adult education and the contemporary example of lifelong learning in neoliberal times, the article concludes by considering how cultural change forces have placed educational formations into reactive modes over time and tides.     

多维视野观照下的成人教育本质探析

成人教育本质是亘古至今见仁见智的问题,但又是成人教育学中不可回避的话题。成人教育本质到底探讨“是（is）”抑或“应该是（oughttobe）”？该文作者认为二者皆为成人教育本质诉求的个中之义。从此立场出发,以“人的形象”为讨论的基点,从哲学、社会学和文化学等多学科的视角审视成人教育,成人教育本质表现为：成人教育是促使人“人性化”、“社会化”、“文化化”的活动。     

Unseen roots and unfolding flowers? Prison learning,equality and the education of socially excluded groups

The objective of this theoretical article is to critique the notion that adult education, in its current marketised formations, might serve the purpose of rehabilitating learners. To date there has been no detailed interrogation by educationalists of the desirability of rehabilitation as an overarching aim for prison education, or to consider the existing educational philosophies that notions of rehabilitation might cohere with. This article begins to address this gap by engaging with the idea of rehabilitation from a critical adult education perspective. The conceptual framework informing the analysis is critical adult education theory, drawing tangentially on the work of Raymond Williams. The overarching assumption is that education might be understood as the practice of equality, which I employ alongside conceptualisations of empowering adult literacies learning as drawn from writings in the field of New Literacies Studies (NLS). These approaches enable the critique of criminological theory associated with prison learning, alongside the critique of assumptions traceable to NLS. The analysis focuses more specifically on Scotland’s prison system, where the criminological theory of ‘desistance’ currently holds some sway. I observe that whilst perspectives of criminologists and educationists draw upon similar sociological assumptions and underpinnings, different conclusions are inferred about the purpose and practice of adult learning. Here criminologists' conceptualisations tend to neglect power contexts, instead inferring educational practices associated typically with early years education. I also demonstrate the importance of equality in the context of adult education, if educators are to take responsibility for the judgements they make in relation to the education of socially excluded groups.     

Adult and community education in complex societies: reconsidering critical perspectives

In this contribution, I explore how critical pedagogical perspectives can inspire adult and community education practices. The central argument is that today, in contrast with the heydays of emancipatory practices and theories, the classical critical approaches need reconsideration. The paper explores how these approaches sometimes have a stultifying effect on the participants in practice. In line with the French philosopher Rancière, a perspective is explored that departs from emancipated participants rather than from participants in need of emancipation. The theoretical investigation is inspired by reflections on art practices that struggle with similar questions on emancipation as the field of adult and community education.     

回顾与展望:“十一五”以来我国成人教育社会学研究

"十一五"以来,我国的成人教育社会学研究在课题立项、著作出版、论文的选题和发表等诸多方面取得了长足发展,特别是对社会化、社会文化、社会分层及流动、社会特殊群体等与成人教育的互动性研究,对拓展成人教育社会学的研究范域,构建成人教育社会学的学科架构起到了奠基作用。揭示研究中存在的如"成人教育"有余、"社会学"不足,研究取向偏离、方法单一等问题,对今后此项研究的领域拓展和质量提升具有重要意义。     

Making Connections for Future Directions: Taking religion seriously in the sociology of education

This article argues that a problem for the contemporary sociology of education is that it has operated within a 'secularisation of consciousness paradigm'. This has limited both the depth and the scope of its intellectual enquiries. Sociological analysis which elides a religious dimension not only presents an over-simplified view of social relations in 'the Modern West', but it also fails to make an authentic engagement with many socio-cultural and educational situations internationally, where God is far from dead. The article suggests various ways forward for a reorientation of sociological writing and research.     

CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION,POLICY, AND THE EDUCATIONALIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Abstract In this essay, Naomi Hodgson reconsiders the value of Michel Foucault’s normalization thesis to the study of educationalization in relation to contemporary educational policy and research. Hodgson begins by analyzing educational researchers’ response to the recent introduction of citizenship education in England, focusing specifically on a review of research, policy, and practice in this area commissioned by the British Educational Research Association (BERA). She argues that the BERA review exemplifies the field of education policy sociology in that it is conducted according to the concepts of its parent discipline of sociology but lacks critical theoretical engagement with them. Instead, such work operationalizes sociological concepts in service of educational policy solutions. Hodgson identifies three dominant discourses of citizenship education within the BERA review— the academic discourse of education policy sociology, contemporary political discourse, and the discourse of inclusive education — and draws attention to the relation of citizenship education to policy initiatives, and thus to educationalization. She then discusses Foucault’s concept of normalization in terms of the demand on the contemporary subject to orient the self in a certain relation toward learning informed by the need for competitiveness in the European and global context. Ultimately, Hodgson concludes that the language and rhetoric of education policy sociology implicate such research in the process of educationalization itself.