Comparison of scores for intellectually gifted students on the WISC-R and the fourth edition of the Stanford-Binet

The WISC-R and the Fourth Edition of the Stanford-Binet (SB: FE) were compared in the identification and assessment of 48 intellectually gifted students in the primary and secondary grades. While only a 3.2-point difference between the mean SB: FE Composite score and the mean WISC-R Full Scale score was found, (r = .393, p. ⩽ .01), the t test between the two scores was significant (t = 2.30, p ⩽ .05). Correlations between the three scales of the WISC-R and the SB: FE four broad area and Composite scores ranged from −.219 (SB: FE Abstract/Visual Reasoning with WISC-R Verbal) to .599 (SB: FE Short-Term Memory with WISC-R Full Scale). Within the correlational matrix, only 5 of the 15 correlations were significant. Both the SB: FE Abstract/Visual Reasoning and Quantitative Reasoning Area scores had no significant correlations with any of the WISC-R scores.     

A four-test short form of the WISC-R

A four-test short form of the WISC-R was developed on the basis of both rational and statistical criteria, using data from the representative standardization sample. The short-form comprised Arithmetic and Vocabulary from the Verbal Scale along with Picture Arrangement and Block Design from the Performance Scale. Various psychometric properties of the abbreviated battery were defined, and indicators of the short form's accuracy in predicting Full-Scale IQ (the standard error of estimate, effectiveness in classifying a child's intelligence level) were provided. A major topic of discussion was the use and abuse of short forms.     

大学英语四级考试成绩研究——基于A大学的抽样数据

大学英语四级考试成绩是在校大学生英语能力水平的一种体现.采用分层随机抽样的方法,对西部地区A大学240名学生的考试成绩进行研究的结果表明,学生在快速阅读、仔细阅读和完形填空及翻译题型存在较多问题,且因个人能力不同而差异显著.文科生与理科生以及农村与城镇学生成绩差异显著,师范生与非师范生成绩差异不显著.为制定科学的、有针对性和差异性的大学英语四级考试政策提供参考,提升高校英语教学水平.     

A McCarthy short form for rapid screening of preschool,kindergarten, and first-grade children

A short form of the McCarthy was developed primarily to help meet the needs for a well-normed brief instrument to be used for the rapid screening of preschool, kindergarten, and first-grade children. The proposed short form comprises 6 of the 15 tests in the General Cognitive Scale: Puzzle Solving, Word Knowledge, Numerical Memory, Verbal Fluency, Counting and Sorting, and Conceptual Grouping. The abbreviated form was specifically geared to the 3–6 year age range, although equations to convert short-form score to estimated General Cognitive Index were provided for children across the entire span of $\text{2}\text{1}\text{2}$ to $\text{8}\text{1}\text{2}$ years. The short form was shown to have a standard error of estimate of about 6 points and to have excellent psychometric properties in general.     

高职新生焦虑状况与自我和谐关系的研究

目的:调查高职新生焦虑总体状况,分析高职新生焦虑与自我和谐的关系。方法:抽取郑州某高职院校新生1803名,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和自我和谐量表(SCCS)进行问卷调查。结果:高职新生SAS总分均值39.58±7.63;在性别、出生地、是否独生子女、是否单亲方面,高职新生SAS总分均不存在显著差异;高职新生焦虑与自我和谐之间存在显著相关。结论:高职新生SAS总分显著高于常模;高职新生焦虑与自我和谐状况密切相关,可通过提高高职学生的自我和谐程度来改善其焦虑情绪。     

体育锻炼对大学生抑郁和焦虑状态影响的研究

选取抑郁和焦虑症状比较明显的大学生分成实验组和对照组,分别应用体育锻炼和传统谈话法进行为期10周的对比实验,实验前、后用SDS和SAS对实验组和对照组分别进行测试。结果表明：1.体育锻炼能够较明显的降低大学生的抑郁程度,干预效果显著;同时也能在一定程度上减缓大学生的焦虑程度,但是干预效果不是十分明显;2.谈话法也能够在一定程度上减轻大学生的抑郁和焦虑状态,但对二者都没有明显的干预效果。结论：与谈话法相比,体育锻炼的方式能够更好地改善大学生的不良心理品质。     

Assessing giftedness with the WISC‐III and the SB‐IV

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition (WISC‐III) and the Stanford‐Binet Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition (SB‐IV), were administered to 20 gifted children and 20 non‐gifted children to examine the extent of the difference in IQ scores obtained on the two tests and whether order effects were present. Results show that the SB‐IV Composite Score was significantly higher than the WISC‐III Full Scale IQ for both groups. However, for the gifted group, unlike the non‐gifted group, this difference achieved significance only when the SB‐IV was administered first. When either IQ test was administered to the gifted students for the first time, without the confound of a learning influence, there was no significant difference in mean scores. However, when both tests were administered, it was found that the SB‐IV influenced the WISC‐III Full Scale IQ in a downward direction whereas the WISC‐III influenced the SB‐IV Composite Score in an upward direction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

An abbreviated form of the WISC-R: Is it valid?

The completed WISC-Rs of 76 white urban children (6–0 to 15–9) were rescored utilizing the Satz and Mogel criteria for an abbreviated intelligence measure. Extremely high correlations for IQs (.96 – .98) and subtests (.66 – .95) were found. However, when mean differences between complete WISC-R and the shortened form were examined, significant differences between administrations were found. Furthermore, one-third of the subjects showed changes in intelligence classification levels when the abbreviated form was used. Thus, two of the three criteria previously suggested for a valid abbreviated intelligence test of: (a) a significantly high correlation between administration forms; (b) nonsignificant t-tests between the abbreviated and standard form mean IQ; and (c) low percentage of IQ classification change with the administration of the short form, were not met. It was concluded, however, that the abbreviated WISC-R may be appropriate when intelligence is a question relative to candidacy for therapy or as a noncritical, general indication of intelligence when IQ classification is not important and/or assessment time is limited.     

A comparison of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children and the Stanford-Binet IV for the assessment of gifted children

The K-ABC and the Stanford-Binet IV (abbreviated test battery) were administered in a counterbalanced order to 32 gifted third- and fourth-grade students. It was found that the Stanford-Binet IV produced scores that were an average of eight points higher than those on the K-ABC. The concurrent validity coefficient of .70 indicated a high degree of association between test performance on these two tests. When the diagnostic heuristic of +2 SDs is used to identify gifted children, 68.6% concordance was found between these tests. Eighty percent of the discordance involved cases in which the Binet IQ was above +2 SDs and the K-ABC was below +2 SDs. Implication for the assessment of gifted children is discussed.     

Relationships between Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) cognitive abilities and math achievement within a sample of college students with learning disabilities

This study examined the relationship between cognitive abilities and math achievement within a sample of college students with learning disabilities (LD). The cognitive abilities were seven areas identified by Stratum II of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities, in addition to the eighth area of Working Memory. Math performance was assessed via math calculation and math reasoning tasks. Instruments include the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities and Tests of Achievement. Participants were 158 college students with a diagnosed LD in math. Multiple regression analyses found that Processing Speed and Working Memory were related to Math Calculation scores and that Comprehension-Knowledge, Fluid Reasoning, and Working Memory were related to Math Reasoning. Implications for the assessment of math LD in the college populations are discussed.     

Racial attitudes of Japanese university students

Three forms of the Situational Attitude Scale (SAS) were administered to 371 Japanese college students in order to measure their attitudes toward blacks, Koreans, and neutral persons without racial reference in ten social and personal situations. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Scheffé post hoc comparisons. The students were found to respond negatively to both blacks and Koreans, but more so toward blacks. Females responded more negatively than males to blacks and Koreans in situations involving potential physical harm. The overall pattern of responses of Japanese subjects on the SAS was similar to that of American or Danish students.     

The influence of topic knowledge, domain knowledge, and interest on the comprehension of scientific exposition

In this study, we explored the influence of subject-matter knowledge and interest on college students' comprehension of scientific exposition. Two forms of subject-matter knowledge were considered: Passage-specific (i.e., topic) knowledge and general (i.e., domain) knowledge. College students read two passages from physics, one dealing with Stephen Hawking and Grand Unification Theory, and one about the search for the truth quark. Students' topic knowledge and domain knowledge were tested before reading the passages. After reading each passage, students rated their interest in what they read. Comprehension measures were then completed for each passage. We performed regression analyses to determine the effects of subject-matter knowledge and interest on the comprehension scores for each passage. For the more technical Quarks passage, domain knowledge and interest were both significant predictors of comprehension. For the more personally-involving Hawking passage, topic knowledge, domain knowledge, and interest were significant predictors of comprehension performance. Overall, students were more interested in less abstruse and more personally-involving information for both passages.     

“概论”课程教学内容整合与优化研究

《毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论》课程（简称＂概论＂）承担着提高大学生政治理论素养、坚定社会主义信念、做中国特色社会主义建设骨干人才的重要任务。目前,＂概论＂课程的课时分布及所讲授的教学内容较多,教师和学生的负担都很重,并且其教学内容还在不断地进行补充和调整。根据以往的教学实践和当代大学生的实际学习情况,有必要对＂概论＂课程的教学内容进行整合与优化,使之能够更好地符合教学规律,更好地调动教师教学主体和学生学习主体的两个积极性。     

洛阳市高校学生焦虑状况研究

本文的主要目的是了解洛阳市高校在校大学生的焦虑状况,并分析其成因,为心理健康教育工作提供依据.方法是采用由Zung编制的焦虑自评量(SAS)量表,对洛阳市高校不同院系3000名学生进行测评.结果发现,大学生焦虑状况不存在性别差异;不同学科类型大学生的焦虑状况存在差异;大学生焦虑现象较为普遍.     

Assessing giftedness in children: Comparing the accuracy of three shortened measures of Intelligence to the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales,Fifth Edition

This study examined the accuracy of three shortened measures of intelligence: the Woodcock–Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability, Third Edition Brief Intellectual Ability (WJ III COG BIA) score; the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition Abbreviated IQ (SB5 ABIQ); and the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test IQ Composite (K‐BIT) in predicting giftedness as assessed by the SB5 Full Scale IQ score (SB5 FSIQ). Participants were 202 third grade students who were individually administered the SB5, WJ III, and K‐BIT. Four scores (SB5 ABIQ, K‐BIT, WJ III COG BIA, and SB5 FSIQ) were extracted. Correlational analyses revealed positive, significant relationships among the four scores. Discriminant function analyses, conducted to examine the accuracy of the three shortened measures of intelligence in predicting giftedness, revealed that overall, the WJ III score was the most accurate, and the K‐BIT score was the least accurate in identifying giftedness. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

论高校学生社团活动生命教育功能开发

参与高校学生社团活动是高校学生学习生活的重要组成部分。高校学生社团活动以全面提高学生的综合素质为宗旨,也必然包含对大学生开展生命教育。目前,高校学生社团组织形式多样,活动内容丰富多彩,但由于组织涣散,学生社团不能完全挖掘其培养学生综合素质的潜能,特别在生命教育这一块关注较少。高校应抓紧学生社团建设,努力引导其承担好生命教育的功能。     

高校学生间攻击性行为的分析与对策

采用档案分析法,对云南省某高校治安问题材料进行内容分析,结果发现校方处理的学生间的攻击性行为主要是外显的、影响较大、后果较严重的打人事件;酗酒是导致学生间攻击性行为发生的一个重要原因,高校有必要对学生,尤其是男生进行过度饮酒会引发不良事端的教育;大学生间攻击性行为易发生在23点后的宿舍;大学生倾向于采用易引发更多问题的应对攻击的行为,如找帮手、用言语或行为反攻击等,但校方严密、有效的保卫措施也可提高学生对校方的信赖程度,从而在遇到攻击时寻求校方的支持。     

基于“有声思维”策略的大学英语阅读教学设计

在当今许多英语教学强调听说能力的同时,阅读能力仍然是学生学习英语的基本技能之一,教师如何引导学生提高阅读理解能力就显得十分重要。文章通过分析“有声思维”作为提高学生阅读理解能力的策略,分析了它在具体阅读教学中的应用。     

Validity,Reliability, and Potential Bias of Short Forms of Students' Evaluation of Teaching: The Case of UAE University

Students' opinions continue to be a significant factor in the evaluation of teaching in higher education institutions. The purpose of this study was to psychometrically assess short students evaluation of teaching (SET) forms using the UAE University form as a model. The study evaluated the form validity, reliability, the overall question, and potential bias with respect to gender, college, grade point average, expected grade, and class size. A total of 3,661 students participated in this study in different random samples. Results indicated that the short SET form lacked content validity and could not identify key dimensions of evaluating teaching effectiveness. The form showed stability over time and acceptable internal reliability. Results indicated also that there was a potential bias due to college, expected grade, and class size, but there was no relationship between grade point average and students' ratings. It was concluded that short SET forms do not cover all domain content and unable to provide teachers with enough information for the improvement of teaching.