起跳过程送髋技术对跳远的影响

研究目的:跳远起跳过程中髋关节技术特征是跳远动作中最为重要的部分,对提高与改进跳远起跳技术有着重要的影响,掌握在跳远的起跳、着板、缓冲、蹬伸阶段"送髋"的角度和方法,为提高我国跳远水平提供具体量化参考指标。研究方法:根据我国运动员调控髋关节运动的状况和国内与国外优秀运动员跳高的差距,通过对比研究起跳过程中髋关节技术特征。研究结果和结论:跳远运动必须合理地完善起跳技术动作,在训练中专门发展髋关节肌肉的力量,以及髋关节灵活性,有意识地运用髋关节动作协调非常重要。     

跳远起跳摆动技术的辅助训练法——弓箭步

在中学生中,因为腿步力量不足,踝、膝、髋关节不能积极蹬伸,导致跳远助跑的速度、起跳的高度、起跳的角度不够,从而影响跳远起跳技术的正确性以及跳远运动的成绩。针对上述发现的情况,我们在多年的课余训练实践中,发现跳远起跳摆动的各种专门性训练手段中,采用“弓箭步”训练方法,对提高腿步力量,有效的起跳速度,特别对起跳摆动技术的改进有积极的作用。从“弓箭步”动作形式来看,其动作与跳远起跳摆动技术极为相似;从动作的生理机制来看,弓箭步与跳远起跳摆动技术也相吻合。经常利用“弓箭步”训练可发展学生下肢伸肌群的力量,增强腿部力量…     

初学三级跳远应注意的几个问题

三级跳远技术性强,“支撑强度”很大,在初学三级跳远时应注意以下几个问题,以便更好、更快地掌握其技术,并为取得优异成绩打好基础。1.不要先学跳远,再学三级跳远。跳远的起跳角度大于三级跳远第一跳的起跳角度才会取得好成绩,在学习跳远时会自觉不自觉地采用大于三级跳远第一跳的起跳角度。如果形成习惯以后再学三级跳远,则容易发生由于第一跳起跳过高而导致的在落地时踝关节、膝关节、髋关节乃至腰部的损伤,不利于三级跳远技术的掌握和进一步从事三级跳远训练。对三级跳远     

刘易斯怎样才能突破九米大关

跳远运动员应该了解跳远的助跑距离、速度、起跳角度、高度和空中时间等各个有关参数之间的关系,并建立参数的最佳值。刘易斯虽有良好的速度,但是他还不能在跳远助跑和起跳中充分发挥他的速度优势。从理论上来讲,起跳速度和起跳角度(重心与起跳点连线与地面所成的角度)决定运动员的跳远距离。刘易斯在起跳中的主要问题是踏跳力有     

从膝角看不同水平男子跳远运动员摆动腿技术

主要从运动学的角度出发,着重从摆动腿膝关节角度的变化特点来分析不同水平男子跳远运动员起跳过程中摆动腿技术的异同,高水平运动员,在最后一步摆动腿蹬离地面瞬间,表现出相对较小的摆动腿膝关节角,角度变化曲线上表现为角度峰值出现在离地后0.02~0.03秒左右的瞬间,不同水平男子跳远运动员在起跳腿着地、起跳腿膝最大屈、起跳离地3个特征时刻,摆动腿膝关节角度差异不明显。     

高校高水平男子跳远运动员起跳技术的运动生物力学特征研究

采用高速摄像机、三维测力台及遥测肌电仪三机同步测试的研究方法,对我国高校优秀跳远运动员起跳技术进行研究,从运动学、遥测肌电以及动力学方面,寻找跳远起跳技术中着地阶段、缓冲阶段和蹬伸阶段三个环节的协调联系及运行规律和不同级别运动员起跳技术各环节之间的差异.主要表现在关节速度及角度的不同,尤其是髋关节角度在缓冲阶段呈现先变大后减小的变化趋势;不同阶段不同肌肉群肌电积分值不同,呈现肌肉兴奋性不同;不同级别运动员同一阶段,测力台受力曲线不同且最大值、最小值也有差异等,为高校高水平运动员的跳远起跳技术的训练及教学提供有价值的参数及测试方法.     

跳远起跳技术的动力学模拟

跳远起跳技术的运用在学界一直存有争议,为探讨跳远起跳技术的生物力学原理,选取跳远起跳动作作为研究对象,建立起跳动作的数学模型并在计算机上实施基于肌肉动力学层面的运动模拟。模拟结果表明:在增大人体重心垂直速度和重心的腾起角方面,膝关节肌较之髋关节肌都有更为显著的作用;在相同的着地距离下,增大小腿环节角与增大大腿环节角相比明显有利。     

对我国优秀跳远运动员起跳技术的运动学比较研究

通过对我国优秀跳远运动员23人起跳技术影片的解析，并与世界优秀跳远运动员起跳有关环节运动学参数变化的对比分析发现，我国优秀跳远运动员助跑绝对速度较低，在起跳过程中身体重心水平速度损失较小，从而获得的垂直分速度亦较小，腾起角度相应偏小，运动员的起跳能力较差，在快速助跑中跳不起来。提高跳远运动员的绝对速度能力，应是我国跳远速度训练的重点；正确处理“跑得快与跳得起”的矛盾，仍是我国跳远技术训练亟待解决的课题。     

运用抛射体定律浅议跳远起跳角

运用抛射体定律,从生物力学角度解释田径跳跃项目中的起跳角问题。推理出决定跳远的主要因素是初速度和起跳角度。通过跳远的实际计算公式,得出了跳远项目中主要因素V_0、θ值在一定范围内起积极作用等正确的结论     

大学生运动员跳远起跳技术生物力学分析

本文以石河子大学体育学院2名跳远二级运动员郑××和孙×作为研究对象,运用图像解析法、文献资料法等研究方法,对2人跳远的四个环节进行分析,重点获取了2人起跳技术的运动学参数,通过分析得出：助跑阶段：短程加速郑××高于孙×,在最后一步步长上郑××大于孙×;着板缓冲阶段2人的水平速度都比较低;着地角较小,2人板着缓冲时间过长。蹬伸阶段：2人的膝关节角度较大而髋关节角度较小,并通过比较分析得出2人起跳技术的一般特征,研究结果可以为大学生跳远运动员跳远技术之间相互比较和参考,也为改进大学生跳远运动员训练方法提供科学依据和借鉴。     

跳远助跑最后一步摆动腿小腿支撑扇角的研究

助跑最后一步摆动腿着地时,其小腿支撑扇角对跳板前的身体重心下降、水平速度以及离板瞬间的重心垂直速度有重要影响。     

运用仿真计算对跳远踏跳姿势的优化

运用多刚体模型及现代计算机仿真技术,探讨人体在不同姿势下踏板所引起的跳远远度的变化特征,以寻找最佳的起跳着板姿势。结果表明:着板时小腿的姿态角、膝关节角不同组合可以使人体获得相同的远度,故仅凭着板角的大小来衡量着板技术的优劣显然是不合理的;跳远踏跳着板时刻、人体各环节姿态角对跳远距离的影响作用大小并不一致,其重要性排序依次为踏跳腿小腿的姿态角最重要,其次是踏跳腿的膝角,而躯干斜角、大腿夹角及摆动腿的膝角对跳远距离的影响相对较小;运动员在跳远踏跳着板时刻,一定存在一个最佳的踏跳腿膝关节角和小腿与地面的夹角,以这种方式上板,可获得最大的跳远距离。     

The "how" and "why" of the ancient Greek long jump with weights: a five-fold symmetric jump in a row?

A plausible explanation for the ancient long jump records from Greek antiquity is sought on the basis of pictorial and written sources, and corroborated with practical tests. Ancient sources report that athletes jumped more than 15 m with weights in their hands, which enabled them to jump further than without these weights. It is proposed that the ancient Greek long jump was a continuous succession of five standing broad jumps, in which the landing phase of one jump was also the countermovement for the next jump. Four trained athletes jumped further with (14.64 +/- 0.76 m, range 13.64-15.63 m) than without weights (13.88 +/- 0.70 m, range 12.60-14.75 m; P = 0.001). These results show that this technique is executable, fits with ancient written and pictorial sources, and allows trained modern athletes to jump distances well over 15 m. The extra distance jumped when using weights may be due to changes in the position of the jumper's centre of mass at take-off and at landing, and an increase in take-off velocity stemming from several biomechanical mechanisms.     

Functional impact of emotions on athletic performance: Comparing the IZOF model and the directional perception approach

A plausible explanation for the ancient long jump records from Greek antiquity is sought on the basis of pictorial and written sources, and corroborated with practical tests. Ancient sources report that athletes jumped more than 15?m with weights in their hands, which enabled them to jump further than without these weights. It is proposed that the ancient Greek long jump was a continuous succession of five standing broad jumps, in which the landing phase of one jump was also the countermovement for the next jump. Four trained athletes jumped further with (14.64?±?0.76?m, range 13.64?–?15.63?m) than without weights (13.88?±?0.70?m, range 12.60?–?14.75?m; P = 0.001). These results show that this technique is executable, fits with ancient written and pictorial sources, and allows trained modern athletes to jump distances well over 15?m. The extra distance jumped when using weights may be due to changes in the position of the jumper's centre of mass at take-off and at landing, and an increase in take-off velocity stemming from several biomechanical mechanisms.     

优秀跳远运动员起跳技术特征

跳远起跳技术的发展孕育了跳远世界新纪录的诞生。本文通过对世界优秀男子跳远运动员鲍威尔和刘易斯的起跳技术的运动学综述分析，揭示优秀跳远运动员起跳技术特征，为跳远教学与训练提供参考资料。     

Stiffness,intralimb coordination,and joint modulation during a continuous vertical jump test

This study analysed the modulation of jump performance, vertical stiffness as well as joint and intralimb coordination throughout a 30-s vertical jump test. Twenty male athletes performed the test on a force plate while undergoing kinematic analysis. Jump height, power output, ground contact time, vertical stiffness, maximum knee and hip flexion angles, and coordination by continuous relative phase (CRP) were analysed. Analysis of variance was used to compare variables within deciles, and t-tests were used to compare CRP data between the initial and final jumps. Results showed reduction in jump height, power output, and vertical stiffness, with an increase in contact time found during the test. Maximum knee and hip flexion angles declined, but hip angle decreased earlier (10–20% of the test) than knee angle (90–100%). No changes were observed in CRP for thigh–leg coupling when comparing initial and final jumps, but the trunk–thigh coupling was more in-phase near the end of the test. We conclude that fatigue causes reduction in jump performance, as well as changes in stiffness and joint angles. Furthermore, changes in intralimb coordination appear at the last 10% of the test, suggesting a neuromotor mechanism to counterbalance the loss of muscle strength.     

Kinematic analysis of the standing long jump in children 6- to 12-years-old

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variables that determine the performance of the standing long jump in children 6- to 12-years-old. There were 121 healthy children (58 girls) recorded while they performed the standing long jump test. All kinematic variables showed a significant correlation with calculated jump distance and measured jump distance, except for the knee joint angle at maximum shoulder extension angle, ankle joint angle at maximum shoulder extension angle, and shoulder joint angle at maximum knee flexion angle. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that sex, age, and body mass index accounted for 51.1% of the jump distance variance. Among all the kinematic variables, take-off distance and take-off speed were accounted for the most of the variation in the jump distance. Physical education teachers and coaches should consider special attention to these anthropometrics and kinematic aspects in improving the standing long jump performance in children.     

男子篮球运动员纵跳摸高高度与跳跃素质相关关系的研究

纵跳摸高能力是优秀篮球运动员比赛争抢板球和原地起跳投篮的重要专项素质之一,纵向摸高素质的提高与多种跳跃素质(如助跑摸高、五级蛙跳、连续快速起跳等)可能具有密切的相关关系(假说)。男子篮球运动员纵向摸高素质与跳跃素质的相关关系和科学训练的研究是很有必要的。文章以山西省体育职业学院20名男子篮球专项学生为研究对象,运用测试法测出:原地纵跳摸高、助跑摸高、立定跳远、30秒单摇跳绳、五级蛙跳、立定三级跳各项数据并得出相应的研究结果,以期为相关研究提供参考。     

对跳远起跳时摆动腿错误动作纠正方法的研究

本文针对跳远教学中，学生在起跳时摆动腿出现的一种错误动作，制定了一套针对性的纠正方法。并对其有效性进行了教学实验。     

对跳远踏跳改制方法的实验研究

竞技运动项目“教材化”是高校体育教学改革的热点。文中以跳远踏跳改制方法为切入点 ,通过教学的实验研究对数据进行综合的分析和对比 ,从实验组表现出来的显性优势 ,得出放宽对踏跳板准确性的要求 ,不失为一个好措施。这对高校体育教学改革 ,并使之符合素质教育的需要 ,具有积极的现实意义。