Moral Motivation

Abstract:

It is claimed that there is a highly contingent and often misleading relationship between (a) giving reasons on a questionnaire and (b) genuine moral understanding. Also, many of the causal factors in shaping moral attitudes are irrelevant to their rational‐moral justification, thus creating a lack of harmony between the two. The solution is a balanced programme that gives equal stress to moral reasoning and to opportunities for relevant emotive and evaluative experience. Aspects of Kant and Schopenhauer are discussed in order to show how reason and feeling may be constructively interdependent in moral motivation.     

Situating Motivation

This article describes a situative approach to studying motivation to learn in social contexts. We begin by contrasting this perspective to more prevalent psychological approaches to the study of motivation, describing epistemological and methodological differences that have constrained conversation between theoretical groups. We elaborate on issues of the unit of analysis, the conceptualization of contexts, and the role of identity as a central construct. Finally, we argue that the design of learning environments and interventions to change learning environments are informed by attention to the relationships among meanings, identities, and motives in context. We illustrate our argument with examples of design-based research and design-based implementation research focused on motivation to learn in children and adults.     

词的理据

词的理据指的是事物或现象获得名称的依据,主要研究词形与词义之间的关系。本文通过对词语理据的综述、定义、类型和研究意义等进行阐述,旨在帮助英语学习者更好地理解和掌握词义,达到灵活运用的目的。     

社会角色动机与入党动机辨析

在人们的动机体系中,社会角色动机与入党动机是既有联系又不尽相同的概念。在传统思维中,对两者没有进行认真的辨析,容易造成对动机认识和把握的混乱。社会角色动机是指人们为了充当或者担任某种社会角色并朝着能够胜任这种角色的方向努力的内在动力。入党动机则是申请加入党组织的思想出发点和内在精神动力。在党建工作中,应当认真分析两者的区别和联系,使新党员考察工作更具科学性。     

学习动机的激发原理

本文是对学习动机的激发原理所作的一种概括。这些动机激发原理源自课堂学习的研究，它们回答了成就动机、内部动机和目标定向这些基本问题．也包括转变动机信念、激发动机的策略和增强意志力等问题。     

Motivation and activity

Motivation is one of the most psychological topics of this science. It constitutes the very nature of what psychology is about — namely, how people regulate multiple interactions within the world, including themselves. Motivation was and is interpreted very differently, depending on the various theoretical and methodological positions. In this paper the perspective of the so-called socio-cultural or cultural-historical school which was founded by Vygotsky, Lurya, Leontyev and their co-workers will be described with the aim to reveal a number of ideas that might be useful even for research on motivation in our days. However, it is impossible to give a complete picutre of the theoretical and methodological positions of this rich and ramified tradition line here. Thus, the following explanations will be confined to one central part of it, namely the elaborated activity theory, above all, the work of Alexej Leontyev. In this paper, first the concept of activity and then the concept of motivation will be outlined in its theoretical framework. These will subsequently be made concrete with respect to motives of learning activity. Finally, some current perspectives and open problems will be mentioned.     

Motivation and Morality

Abstract:

Of the three aspects of moral development‐‐the development of empathy, moral reasoning and related problem‐solving strategies‐‐we know least about empathy. Possible reasons for this are explored. Some of the relevant literature is reviewed. A new stage‐theory by M. L. Hoffman is described which shows how the development of person permanence, the capacity for role‐taking, and the awareness of personal identity may create the conditions under which the young child moves from a primitive response to the mother's physical distress to sympathetic distress, altruism, and eventually to guilt. The article concludes with implications for socialization, comments relating to future research, and a comprehensive bibliography.     

有机整合动机理论与幼儿教师工作动机的内化

有机整合动机理论为如何促进幼儿教师工作动机内化、增强工作动机的自主性提供了一个新的视角。促进幼儿教师工作动机内化的策略包括提高教师的能力知觉水平、给教师专业自主权、让教师获得归属感。     

Persistence and Motivation

Summary

This case study examines a new teacher's beliefs and perceptions about how and why technology can and should be used to support student learning. A middle school science teacher reflected upon her preparation for and applications of technology in her classroom. Data were generated through e-mail exchanges over the course of several months. Qualitative analysis identified themes including a nontechnology focus, expectations, rationale, impact, and beliefs and learned lessons. Findings suggest that for this teacher persistence was critical to learning in absence of pre-service or in-service learning opportunities in the effective application of technology to support learning. It is recommended that technology-oriented staff development incorporate theory, guidelines, models, and illustrations for effective and meaningful applications.     

英语学习动机的性别差异与融入型动机的化解

男女在生理特点和心理活动上存在着巨大的差异,这种差异导致男女在英语学习动机上的不同,从而影响了学习态度和学习策略的选择,使得男女生语言学习的效果有明显区别。融合型动机是指个人学习外语时对语言本身产生了强烈的兴趣,并希望可以融入所学语言的文化为改善大学生因性别差异造成的不良学习后果。鉴于此,在对男女大学生的语言学习动机状况进行调查的基础上,科学分析了差异存在的合理性,并利用融入型动机理论,提出激发学生的融入型动机水平的具体解决措施。     

网络游戏参与动机与学习动机的相关分析

网络游戏对青少年有很强的吸引力,同时也具有一定的教育启发功能;这一吸引力与学习过程的结合将有效促进游戏与教育的双赢.本文以动机为研究视角,运用主成分分析与典型相关分析方法,深入研究网络游戏参与动机与学习动机的匹配关系.结果显示,社会学习、自我肯定的游戏参与动机与求知成就、个人前途的学习动机存在正相关关系;娱乐猎奇、逃避归属则与外部期望、物质激励存在相关关系.     

An Investigation into the Relationship Between Teacher Motivation and Pupil Motivation

This article reports the findings of a small scale investigation in the form of a blind study carried out in four schools in the north east of England. It concerns the relationship between teacher motivation ( n = 4) and pupil motivation ( n = 66) during pupils' participation in design and technology project work at Key Stage 4. It was recognised that the sample of teachers was too small to be considered representative of motivated and demotivated design and technology teachers in general terms. However, the information gathered provided a more informed picture of the possible link between pupil motivation and teacher motivation. It also supplied an indication of some of the differences that exist between the approaches to teaching adopted by motivated and demotivated teachers of design and technology project work.     

Motivation in gifted students

This study investigated the factors which had influenced the role of motivation in the high levels of achievement of a sample of fifteen gifted students, aged 14/15 years, in five secondary schools in England. The students were interviewed individually, and their parents and teachers were also interviewed for validation of the students' comments. The results indicated the influences of teaching and learning provision, of support and of social and emotional factors on the students' motivation. The role of motivation in the realisation of the students' high ability, in achievement of personal goals and in maintaining the progress and achievements of those who had problems was also clear. Evidence of the importance of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the students' achievement was also shown.     

理据与汉语语素

语素是最小的语法单位，但认定起来却十分困难而复杂，语言学界至今尚未找到一个切实可行的方法解决这一问题。通行的同形替代法，谬误百出，不能自圆其说。从汉语词的理据入手，倒是认定汉语语素惟一有效的途径。     

Instrumental Motivation and Pretco

The thesis,inspired by Gardner and his associates' research on instrumental motivation,mainly discusses what kind of effect it will have on students' performances,with particular reference to Pretco in China.     

Motivation and the Organization

Facing motivational problems is nothing new for the manager. The manager has ideas on how employees should behave, but those beliefs are often the source of the manager's trouble. New research shows that often the supervisor is not the key player in the motivational game. This paper examines motivational ideas presently in use and applications of how to use the new research.     

Learning Motivation and Achievements

It is known to all that motivation is one of the most important elements in EFL learning.This study analyzes the type of English learning motivations and learning achievements within non-English majors' students(Bilingual program in Highway School and Architecture) in Chang'an University, who has been considered English as the foreign language. This thesis intends to put forward certain strategies in promoting foreign language teaching.