Insights from Illustrators: The Rhetorical Invention of Paleontology Representations

This study focuses on the intersection of visual rhetoric with rhetoric of science by examining the rhetorical context in which natural science illustrators operate as they represent paleontology. Field methods were employed to study the rhetorical context in which paleontology becomes represented through art; this article reports the findings from the field study and contextualizes the study in rhetorical theories of invention and a discussion of social versus scientific facts. The research highlights some differences between what experts know and what public audiences perceive, offering insight into why those differences exist.     

构建和谐舆论:公共舆论与执政党互动关系的制度安排

在和谐社会建设过程中,研究和践行公共领域和公共舆论构想,发挥其民主调控等功能,急切的不是概念的再造和义理的辨析,而应是建立健全当代中国和谐社会建设过程中的公共领域和公共舆论运行机制,促进社会和谐。其中,公共舆论与执政党的互动机制是公共舆论运行机制复杂体系的重要组成部分。这一机制体系包含若干具体的运行机制,这些机制的构建与实际运行,将保障公共舆论与执政党的良性互动关系,既使民意得到切实重视与贯彻,又使民意得到理性的引导和调控,从而为构建和谐社会提供公共舆论支持。     

政治现代化中的公意、众意和民粹主义

在构建社会主义和谐社会过程中,我们要坚持以人为本,同时又要积极推进政治现代化过程。在政治现代化建设中,一方面要完善法制建设,推进依法治国方略的实施;另一方面既要关注广大民众的意见,又要防止民粹主义倾向,将追求社会公平公正与人民群众的创造精神有机地统一起来。     

"肯定性行动计划"政策:利益分析的视角

“肯定性行动计划（affirmative action）”是美国民权运动、反战运动等社会政治运动的产物,在美国高等教育发展史上具有里程碑的意义。“肯定性行动计划”的实施,扩大了少数民族的高等教育机会,推动了少数民族高等教育的发展,开启了少数民族高等教育援助政策的先河。该政策在促进政治稳定、经济繁荣、社会和谐等方面发挥了巨大作用。新的时代背景下,随着政策环境的变化,以及政策对不同利益群体的影响,“肯定性行动计划”在实践中面临重重阻力,步履维艰,美国少数民族高等教育的前景不容乐观。     

Non-intentional Invention: The Promethean,Trickster, and Improvisational Invention Heuristics of Academic Writers and Poets

This essay introduces a novel way to conceptualize writerly invention – invention as adopting a non-intentional intellectual stance wherein heuristics are experienced as acting upon the writer as opposed to being enacted by the writer. This view of invention complicates and extends the traditional, Aristotelian view of invention as discreet heuristic aids chosen by the writer to develop a topic or position. The non-intentional invention heuristics explored in this essay include promethean, trickster, and improvisational.     

Rethinking Affirmative Action: Redefining Compelling State Interest and Merit in Admission

The disruptive technologies of the Internet and computers are changing our world in myriad ways. These technologies are also increasingly being employed in higher education but to what effect? Are the effects on higher education quality measurable, and if so, what is the effect on the traditional gap between high-income and low- to middle-income nations on this score? This theme is pursued in this article, which uses a variety of methods to probe the question. Because great controversy attends the notion of institutional quality, measures differ, and the effect of these technologies on that quality depends to a great extent on the definition being used. Low- to middle-income countries' usage of the Internet and computer technologies lags behind that of high-income countries, but projections indicate they are catching up.     

美国联邦最高法院的学术自由判例及其法律意涵

学术自由的理念很早就传播到了美国,并在美国大学教授协会等压力集团的努力下得到有力的捍卫.但直至20世纪下半叶,美国联邦最高法院才开始介入学术自由的案件.通过一系列判例,学术自由逐渐被视为第一修正案的一种特别的关切,受到宪法保护.在此之后,法律开始成为解决学术自由纠纷的一个主要渠道之一.本文通过对一些关键案例的研究,对这一历史过程进行了详细的梳理.     

The Confluence of Race,Gender, and Class Among Community College Students: Assessing Attitudes Toward Affirmative Action in College Admissions

This article examines the attitudes of baccalaureate aspiring community college students with regard to affirmative action in college admissions. Using data from UCLA's Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP) Annual Freshman Year Survey, the study assessed determinants of approval or disapproval of affirmative action for 20,339 community college students. Because students in traditionally disadvantaged groups (e.g., first-generation, racial/ethnic minorities, female, and low-income) are overrepresented at the community college, critical theoretical perspectives concerning social mobility and self-interest were utilized to guide the study. The findings indicate that race/ethnicity and political views were significant predictors of affirmative action attitudes for males and females. The impact of family income and transfer intent significantly contributed to male support for abolishing affirmative action. Age yielded a significant association for support of affirmative action as reported by older African American and white students.     

大学生群体性事件预防中的网络舆情监控探析

大学生作为一个特殊的群体,其自身的特点与网络技术特点的契合,使得他们容易通过网络产生统一的、偏激的舆论情形,从而引发群体性事件。而我国高校在网络舆情监控方面存在的不足,又为这种＂网络——现实＂模式大学生群体性事件的发生提供了可能。因此,要有效预防大学生群体事件的发生,要在网络制度、网络道德的建设,自动化网络监控系统,高校教师的网络舆情监控意识和能力等方面作出努力。     

Rhetoric Over Reason: The Rhetorical Assault on Education in the Absence of Argument and Evidence in Educational Discourse

Based on an overview of writings published or supported by the Fordham Institute and those associated with it over many years, this article brings together and examines a range of rhetorical tools employed to persuade policymakers and the public of their position. The article argues that in the absence of a reasoned or evidenced position, the rhetorical tools call upon emotions to guide decision making. The result is a form of demagogery. Because they are influential in the public debate on education, it is important that these writings and recommendations be recognized for what they are.     

Earning One's Inheritance: Rhetorical Criticism,Everyday Talk,and the Analysis of Public Discourse

This article answers critical and theoretical calls for the study of ordinary talk by analyzing a transcribed speech in which Alvertis Simmons, a member of the Denver, Colorado, African American community, engaged a panel of school board officials on the topic of racial stereotypes in an elementary school science experiment. Simmons's discourse can be shown symbolically to reorganize features of integrationist and nationalist ways of speaking-two dominant strands of mid- to late-twentieth century African American public address. Building a theory of "oratorical influence" from these intertextual relationships, this essay concludes that the force of public discourse may reside less in a speaker's ability to persuade an audience than in an audience's willingness to recycle and revise figural aspects of a speaker's discourse in their everyday talk. An interpretive stance such as this can encourage rhetorical critics to expand their objects of critique, to include more ordinary ways of speaking that follow after highly styled public texts.