Dealing with disagreement: The roles of topic familiarity and disagreement explanation in evaluation of conflicting expert claims and sources

Learners may increasingly encounter conflicting expert reports. However, little is known about how they deal with this challenge. We examined how learners' familiarity with a controversial historical topic affects their epistemic judgments of conflicting expert claims and sources, the interplay of their claim and source evaluation strategies, and their meta-epistemic understanding of the legitimacy of the disagreement (absolutist, multiplist, and evaluativist perspectives). In two studies, topic familiarity increased agreement with belief-consistent expert claims and the perceived trustworthiness of the expert who presented these claims. Topic familiarity also impacted the coordination of evaluation strategies and led to greater reliance on knowledge-based validation. However, topic familiarity did not affect meta-epistemic understanding of the legitimacy of the controversy. In the second study, reading an explanation about reasons for disagreements between historians resulted in higher evaluativism. Teaching about expert disagreement may be a productive approach for promoting appreciation of the diversity of knowledge.     

Representation and safe space: conflicting discourses in RE teacher education supervision

ABSTRACT

This article explores supervision conferences in RE teacher education in Sweden. Two discourses that are often articulated in supervision conferences are ‘representation’ and ‘safe space’. These are investigated and presented as necessary components for becoming a competent teacher of upper secondary school RE in Sweden. The empirical material consists of observations of six RE supervision trialogues and interviews with the participants – student teachers, upper secondary school supervisors and university-based teacher educators. Based on the analysis of the empirical material, representation and safe space emerge as essential ‘RE teacher knowledge’. Furthermore, the antagonism between representation and safe space that emerges in the supervision trialogues is explored and highlighted. By way of conclusion, the presented discursive struggle is reflected on as a battle over power within the supervision triad.     

Creating feminised critical spaces and co-caring communities of practice outside patriarchal managerial landscapes

The experiences of five female lecturers working in higher education in the UK are explored as they engage in the search for a feminised critical space as a refuge from the masculinised culture of performativity in which they feel constrained and devalued. Email exchanges were used as a form of narrative enquiry that provided opportunity and space to negotiate identities and make meaning from experiences. The exchanges provided a critical space, characterised by trust, honesty and care for the self and for each other, that enabled a sharing of authentic voices and a reaffirming of identities that were made vulnerable through the exposing of the self as an emotional, politicised subject. Drawing on existing theoretical understandings of critical feminised spaces enabled us to create a pedagogical framework for work with students in further developing caring and co-caring communities of practice that are not alternative to, but are outside the performativity landscape of education.     

Q^ap空间的完备性

利用复分析的方法,证明了解析的Q^ap空间的完备性,从而其小空间Q^ap空间作为Q^ap空间的子空间是闭的。     

大学生就业安全分析及应对策略

随着高校的扩招,毕业生急剧增多,就业压力不断增大,在就业过程中出现不安全因素也越来越多,一些不法分子招摇撞骗,使毕业生受到巨大损失。分析了大学生求职过程中安全问题的表现形式,提出了促进就业安全的具体措施和方法。     

关于新时期高校平安校园建设的思考

我国正处在一个特定的、意义重大的社会转型期和发展期,各种社会矛盾和社会现象深刻影响着大学生的思想观念、价值取向、生活态度和行为选择,维护高校安全稳定的任务越来越艰巨。开展"平安校园"建设,维护学校安全稳定是做好高校工作的最基本保证。     

从IPv4到IPv6

IPv4是现行IP版本,IPv6主要是为解决IPv4地址空间被迅速耗尽而诞生的下一代IP版本。本文探讨了IPv4和IPv6的格式、地址空间和从IPv4过渡到IPv6需要解决的问题。     

度量空间中的Orlicz—Sobolev容量

本文给出了度量空间中的Orlicz-Sobolev空间及Orlicz-Sobelev容量的概念，并研究了它们的一些基本性质．     

齐型空间上Herz空间中的分数次积分算子

本文定义了一类齐型空间上的Herz空间，并研究了定义在这些空间中的分数次积分算子的性质．     

基于ID3算法的企业产品安全库存量预测

通过构建企业数据仓库,对数据仓库中的数据进行归约预处理后, 得到训练样本集, 采用ID3 算法建立一棵企业客户购买力分类决策树, 通过对企业客户购买力的分析,科学地预测企业产品的安全库存量.     

热水供热系统的水力平衡与水力稳定性

对热水供暖系统水力平衡、水力稳定及其对系统运行、耗电影响等问题,从初调节的角度作了分 析,进行了大量的计算.定量提供了一般直连供暖系统提高水力稳定性的判据及其电耗量的影响.     

高等院校网络信息安全管理研究

高等院校校园信息化的过程中出现了许多信息安全问题,针时此类问题的现状,根据高校信息管理制度进行分类、归纳,提出建立完善的人机并行监督管理机制和对BBS进行规范完善性重塑的建议.     

临界空间与交往——电视的文化论坛模式对课堂教学的启示

教学是一种社会文化经验得以延续和发展的活动，教学交往是当代教学论发展的新理念。电视的信息传递功能和独特的艺术表现性在临界空间上与课堂教学具有相似性。从文化视角审视媒介的电视文化论坛模式，为课堂教学走向本真交往提供了借鉴意义。     

Shared places,separate spaces: constructing cultural spaces through two national languages in Finland

Finland is a bilingual country with 2 national languages, Finnish and Swedish. The Swedish-speaking school institution aims to protect the minority language by maintaining a monolingual school space. In this article, the construction of linguistic and ethnic difference in educational discourse and practice related to the national languages in Finland is analyzed by using discourse analysis, feminist and post-structural theories. By analyzing ethnographic data and public debate, we argue that discursive and material practices related to spatiality have a significant role in constructing difference and otherness in the Finnish school context. Essentialist categories are produced but also contested from the positions within the cultural spaces at school and in society at large.     

Towards science educational spaces as dynamic and coauthored communities of practice

In this essay review, four studies around the themes of identity and globalization are summarized and analyzed. The researchers’ perspectives are generally grounded in Brown and Campione’s ideas on situated knowledge (Classroom lessons: Integrating cognitive theory and classroom practice (pp. 229–270). Cambridge: The MIT Press/Bradford Books, 1994) and Lave and Wenger’s definition of learning as an activity fostered through participation in communities of practice (Situated learning. Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1991). Questions about the goals of science education spaces, the nature of globalization in relation to practices in schools, the role of identities-in-practice in relation to participation in communities of practice such as classrooms are explored. Recommendations for key design features in effective science educational spaces, based upon the findings presented in the collection of four studies, are offered. School, it is suggested here, functions best as a clearing house for the myriad science-related stories student participants generate in their various communities of practice (e.g., within popular culture, family, community, informal educational sites). In this way, school has the potential to construct bridges between multiple student experiences and identities-in-practice.

异议表达的语用策略研究

异议表达是言语交际中常见的一种行为,是冲突的一种形式.本文从探讨异议与礼貌原则的关系出发,以现代汉语交际中一些真实的语料为例,结合具体的语境,探讨了在言语交际中,交际者常采用的模糊限制语策略、部分肯定策略、以问句的形式表达异议、给出反对理由间接表达异议等语用策略.来表达这一本质上并不礼貌的言语行为,以达到减轻对对方面子的威胁力度、促进交际曼顺利进行的目的.     

Reconstruction algorithm in lattice-invariant signal spaces

In this paper, we mainly pay attention to the weighted sampling and reconstruction algorithm in lattice-invariant signal spaces. We give the reconstruction formula in lattice-invariant signal spaces, which is a generalization of former results in shift-invariant signal spaces. That is, we generalize and improve Aldroubi, Grochenig and Chen's results, respectively. So we obtain a general reconstruction algorithm in lattice-invariant signal spaces, which the signal spaces is sufficiently large to accommodate a large number of possible models. They are maybe useful for signal processing and communication theory.     

完备度量空间中的不动点

使用w距离概念, 证明了在2个完备度量空间中2个新的不动点定理, 其中之一的结果为: 设(X, d)和(Y, ρ)是2个完备度量空间, 设p1是X上w-距离和p2是Y上w-距离. 如果T是一个从X到Y的连续映射和S是一个从Y到X的映射, 对X中所有x, x'和Y中所有y, y'以及 o＜c＜1, 满足不等式p1(STx, STx')≤cmax{p1(x, x'), p1(x, STx), p1(x', STx'),p1(x, STx')/2, p2(Tx, Tx')}和p2(TSy, TSy')≤cmax{p2(y, y'), p2(y, TSy),p2(y', TSy'), p2(y, TSy')/2, p1(Sy, Sy')}. 证明了ST在X中有惟一不动点z和TS在Y中有惟一不动点w. 这2个定理推广了 Fisher和Namdeo等人的不动点定理.     

加强实验室安全管理，推进“平安校园”建设

实验室是高校知识创新、技术创新、科技开发的重要基地;实验室中聚集了学校近半数的资产和多年办学积累的文化精华,一旦发生安全事故,将给学校带来无法估量的损失,实验室的安全运行是顺利完成教学科研任务的重要前提。文章介绍了学校实验室安全管理采取的一系列措施及产生的效果。