2008年中国传播学理论研究概述

2008年,传播学者一方面对改革开放30年来传播学研究取得的成果进行总结,另一方面叉在传播实践的基础上,对知识社会学的地位,传播学本土化的路径、西方经典传播学理论的局限以及传播理论在中国新的传播语境下研究的新进路进行了探析和反思.     

Chinese and non‐Chinese scholars’ contributions to communication research on greater China, 1978–98

This content‐analytical study investigates, over a two‐decade period, the contribution of ethnic and non‐ethnic scholars to communication research on Greater China. Although its findings show a significant increase in research publications on China over the years by both Chinese and non‐Chinese scholars, Chinese scholars are much more productive than non‐Chinese scholars. In addition, mixed ethnicity scholars have published more comparative studies than single ethnicity scholars. Telecommunications and advertising are the two fastest growing areas in communication research on China.     

“十四五”规划与澳门大学图书馆的发展战略

结合“十四五”规划,文章探讨了澳门大学图书馆的未来五年发展战略。澳门大学图书馆从本校、澳门本地、粤港澳大湾区及国际四方面定位自身,在继续重视资源建设和资源共享的基础上发展数字化,结合MOOC推动以创建新知识为目标的信息素养教育,深化学科服务和推动学术传播,同时发挥智库作用,通过科研分析服务为大学提供决策参考。     

Straddling the humanities and social sciences: The research process of music scholars

Few research projects have focused on the information needs of the music scholar. What is known about the information needs of the music scholar has been gathered through large-scale studies of various humanistic disciplines. This article describes a six-stage model of the music scholar’s research process. The model was constructed contextually through interviews with 30 music scholars who were asked to describe a recently completed research project. Research activities pertaining to specific stages in the research process are identified and described. This study compares existing models of the research process of other humanities scholars and explores the implications for library and information science professionals.     

Rethinking the effect of inter-gender collaboration on research performance for scholars

As scientific collaboration has become more common with increased representation of female scholars, the effects of inter-gender collaboration have attracted more attention. However, scholars have not reached a consensus on the relationship between inter-gender collaboration and research performance. Empirical evidence at the scholar level has also been rare. Therefore, based on the ratio of the opposite sex in collaboration partners, this study reveals the influence of participating in inter-gender collaborations on research performance for scholars. Grouped regression was employed to test gender differences in this effect. The effect of partners’ academic levels was also investigated to account for potential gender differences. The results indicated that inter-gender collaboration had a positive effect on research performance for scholars. Grouped regressions also showed that collaborating with more inter-gender partners exerted a significantly negative effect on the research performance of female scholars, while it had a positive effect for male scholars. The negative effect on female scholars were found to be strengthened if the partners were at a high academic level. This study is helpful to understand inter-gender collaboration in depth, and further reveals the gender differences in scientific collaboration.     

Use of on-line databases by faculty members and research scholars of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) and Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI), New Delhi (India): A survey

The study is focused on finding out the level of use of on-line databases by faculty members and research scholars of the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) and Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI), Delhi (India). Both are Central Universities and are funded by the University Grants Commission (UGC). A well-structured questionnaire was administered to faculty members and research scholars of the JNU and JMI to collect data regarding the use of on-line database. The survey reveals that all of the faculty members and research scholars are aware of the availability of on-line databases and largely use them for reference purposes in their research work and studies. The degree of usefulness and utilization of on-line databases is high among the universities' faculty members and research scholars. The survey further reveals that the respondents from both universities are aware of the search options for accessing on-line databases. It is also found that a large number of respondents of JNU and JMI are using field searching and Boolean operators to access information from on-line databases.     

Use of on-line databases by faculty members and research scholars of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) and Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI), New Delhi (India): A survey

The study is focused on finding out the level of use of on-line databases by faculty members and research scholars of the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) and Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI), Delhi (India). Both are Central Universities and are funded by the University Grants Commission (UGC). A well-structured questionnaire was administered to faculty members and research scholars of the JNU and JMI to collect data regarding the use of on-line database. The survey reveals that all of the faculty members and research scholars are aware of the availability of on-line databases and largely use them for reference purposes in their research work and studies. The degree of usefulness and utilization of on-line databases is high among the universities' faculty members and research scholars. The survey further reveals that the respondents from both universities are aware of the search options for accessing on-line databases. It is also found that a large number of respondents of JNU and JMI are using field searching and Boolean operators to access information from on-line databases.     

Information Needs: Developing Personas of Humanities Scholars

A persona represents a group of target users that share common behavioural characteristics. The personas method, an approach to systems design, has been receiving significant attention from practitioners. However, only anecdotal evidence currently exists for the effectiveness of personas and there have been criticisms about its validity as a scientific approach to research. This paper attempts to demonstrate how incorporating personas may lead to better understand the information needs of humanities scholars. Humanities scholars in an advanced ICT environment in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan are sampled as a case. Previous studies show that the humanities scholars have a significant negative relation with ICT use; they are using it less than scientists and social scientists, and they demonstrate a significantly higher use of library facilities than other academics. There is also a lack of up-to-date international research on the humanities scholars' information needs that takes into account recent rapid increases in the availability of ICT infrastructure, especially the Internet. As such, the objective of this study is to understand the information needs of humanities scholars and the effect of the electronic environment on their information seeking behaviour using personas. This study is conducted within a conceptual framework based on an integration of existing models of information-seeking behaviour, along with additional new elements representing the information context environment, such as languages, decision to seek and format of information resources. The four personas that were uncovered in this study may be able to effectively communicate the actual information needs of the humanities scholars through the personal narrative, name, and face, which continuously will remind the academic library of what their users really want and need from their services. This study also lays the foundation for future research by identifying variables of interest, and building construct validity through the themes of information needs that emerged.     

基于内容分析的国内图书情报学研究方法创新研究——以共词分析方法为例

[目的/意义] 从微观层面对某种研究方法的期刊论文进行内容分析,从创新视角分析研究方法的研究成果,以期为研究图书情报学领域的论文研究方法的创新提供参考。[方法/过程] 对国内外相关研究成果梳理的基础上,提出一个研究方法创新的分类体系和分析流程。利用内容分析方法,选取国内181篇共词分析论文进行实证研究。[结果/结论] 研究发现：国内学者对共词方法改进性研究的成果相对较少,而在共词方法应用方面的研究较多。在共词分析改进性研究中,国内学者的创新性研究主要体现在共词分析某个过程的创新,原理性创新缺乏。在共词方法应用研究文献,国内学者在数据源、数据分析或数据可视化工具等方面有一定的创新。     

日本图书馆史研究概观

日本的图书馆史研究在概念辨析、研究方法、研究视野方面颇具特色。本文通过对庆应大学所藏图书馆史文献进行系统梳理,总结日本图书馆史研究的特点。在理论方面,注重方法论的探讨与研究领域的划分,如关于图书馆史、图书馆学史和图书馆思想史的认识,以及对日本图书馆史研究分野的概括等;在内容方面,由图书馆史研究分化为图书馆学史研究、图书馆思想史研究,后来细化为运动史、服务史、藏书史、人物传记等各个主题;在研究基础方面,日本图书馆史有教材、史料和工具书;在组织方面,1982年成立专门研究图书馆史的组织图书馆史研究会,1995年后改名为日本图书馆文化史研究会,通过召开专门会议与发行刊物进行研究交流,开展学术批评;在研究视野上,秉承了日本受容文化的特色,研究视野宽广,并不限于日本,对世界图书馆史,以及中美德英俄等各主要国家的图书馆史都有较为深入的研究,形成了翻译著作多、国际研究著作多的特点。日本图书馆史研究的这些成果和特点可为我国同类研究提供借鉴。参考文献23。     

基于聚类技术的政务信息资源整合研究

在对国内政务信息资源组织相关文献进行分析后,针对现行研究的不足之处提出基于聚类技术进行政务信息资源整合的方法,具体步骤可以划分为：文本预处理、特征项选择、特征项权值计算、聚类实现。基于以上步骤,以我国省级政府网站为研究对象,选取包括香港、澳门、台湾在内的全国能够正常浏览的29个省级政府网站,对这些网站的主题词进行聚类分析,研究应用聚类技术进行政务信息资源整合的方法、步骤、工具等,为构建整合式、一站式政务信息资源组织体系提供参考。     

On Replication in Communication Science

Replications are an important part of the research process because they allow for greater confidence in the findings of communication research. However, engaging in replications is often undervalued, replication studies can be difficult to publish, and thus it is difficult for individual scholars to devote their resources toward replication. This essay outlines the importance of replications for communication science and provides a framework for this special issue on replications. The authors also issue a call for communication scholars to consider future projects and structural changes that would incentivize future replication studies.     

中国档案学人研究的意义与路径探析

学人研究、学史研究和学论研究是构成档案学研究的三要素,三者相辅相承,共同构建具有中国特色的档案学。只有进行档案学术研究活动,并且取得了一定研究成果的人才是档案学人。研究中国档案学人具有四个意义:对档案学人的研究有助于深入了解档案学发展的历史;可以把对档案学人的研究作为档案学史研究的一个特殊视角;对档案学人的研究能够评估和定位档案学术的发展阶段;研究中国档案学人,是打造中国档案学派的重要路径。研究中国档案学人的四个路径,即"个案研究""比较研究""群体研究"和"学术著作评价"。     

《四库提要》是怎样借鉴朱彝尊序跋的

清乾隆年间编纂的《四库提要》200卷,是古典目录的集大成者,继承吸收了前人大量的目录学成果。清初学者朱彝尊的大量学术观点及考据成果即为《提要》所借鉴,此已有学者作过探讨,而《提要》明确援引朱彝尊序跋达42处之多,对于此学者罕有研究。本文着力讨论了《提要》对朱彝尊序跋的借鉴吸收情况。     

Audience Research Trends in Mainland China: An Analysis of Three Major Journalism and Mass Communication Journals, 1985–2002

This paper employed quantitative methods to explore the trends of audience research in Mainland China by analyzing research articles in three major journalism and communication academic journals. The author analyzed research approaches, research methods, medium of focus and theoretical frameworks in these audience research articles from 1985 to 2002. Unlike findings derived from the analyses of mass communication research articles in major international journals, most of the research articles in Mainland China used qualitative methods. Chinese scholars tend to adopt behaviorist and structural approaches towards the study of audience. The number of research articles that dealt with broadcast and print media exceeded any other media, while more and more studies on Internet users are being conducted. Chinese scholars began to develop theories in recent years. The future study will continue based on analysis of other research materials and comparison with audience research articles in leading international journals.     

科学知识扩散研究框架

通过对科学知识扩散相关文献的梳理,构建科学知识扩散的研究框架,并对研究对象、扩散关系表示、衡量指标、扩散模型等方面进行详细评述。扩散的对象包括期刊、学科、科研人员等,扩散过程主要以文献引证和作者合著关系表示。在实证中,基于文献引证关系的引文及引文网络分析是科学知识扩散的主流研究方法。衡量指标可以按照测度粒度分为文章、期刊、学科3个层次。现有科学知识扩散的模型研究以定性研究为主,定量化分析较少,常见思路为跨学科借鉴成熟模型。     

Research productivity in communication: An analysis, 1996‐2001

The study provides an analysis of those scholars who produced a substantial number of articles in 24 communication journals during the period, 1996‐2001. The purpose of the study was to update the information provided in previous studies. Using data similar to that previously found in the Index to Journals in Communication Studies, the authors found that during the period a number of new names has appeared. As a result, the authors develop a list of the top one percent (50) of those researchers, as well as providing data on the institutions which these scholars represent. The minimum number of articles necessary during the period to be included was nine.     

21世纪初年的“图书馆权利”研究与传播

新世纪之前,图书馆权利研究在我国尚属空白。这一问题在业界被较多学者关注并逐渐形成热点始于2002年。中国图书馆学会秘书处和业界专家学者的密切合作、协同推动,是研究和传播迅速升温的直接动力。2005年堪称中国图书馆权利“元年”。2002年中国图书馆学会主持制定《中国图书馆员职业道德准则》的过程,是图书馆权利理念在中国组织化传播的开端。伴随着研究的推进,图书馆权利内容进入了大学专业教育。图书馆权利研究与传播的时代贡献是:丰富了图书馆学基础理论,完善了对图书馆社会功能和价值的理论解释;指导了中国图书馆的公益回归和服务转型实践;奠定了图书馆服务以人为本的理论基础,提高了图书馆的社会认知程度;唱出了公共文化服务以保障公众基本文化权益为目标的先声。参考文献15。     

基于合著与共引关系的学者关联度模型及实证研究

[目的/意义] 通过对科研群体中学者之间的关联度进行研究,建立一种新的关联度计算模型,为深入分析学者间的关系提供更多视角。[方法/过程] 在对已有学者关联度表示方法进行总结的基础之上,将传统研究中的学者间合著关系与文献引用关系进行集成,构建基于合著与共引关系的学者关联度模型。实证部分以图书情报领域17种期刊10余年的文献数据以及引文数据为例,详细阐述基于该模型的复杂网络构建过程,并对该复杂网络的应用价值进行论述。[结果/结论] 实证数据表明,该关联度计算模型具有可应用性,构建的网络很好地将有向图与无向图进行了统一,不仅能够反映合著关系也能够体现相互间的共引关系,为深入分析学者间的关联提供数据基础,也能为知识服务和政策制定提供有益的参考。     

基于观众对话的博物馆学习研究新视角——来自苏·艾伦研究成果的启发

观众在博物馆中如何学习、学习效果如何评量等问题长期受到研究者的关注。观众对话作为参观学习的体现,是探究博物馆学习过程的重要材料。基于此,苏·艾伦采用社会文化视角,透过参观过程中的观众对话寻找学习的证据。本文主要目的是介绍该研究的研究问题、研究发现、方法论框架、数据收集与分析等方面的内容,以期为国内博物馆观众研究领域提供一种新的视角。