人的本质存在与超越发展——柏拉图人学思想初探

柏拉图的idea思想,使世界二分,开辟了西方形而上学入学传统.柏拉图认为,由于人的本性由灵魂决定,灵魂又由理性所主导,所以人在本质上是理性的.人的灵魂来自理念世界,其自在自为、永恒不朽的特性使得人们一通过回忆和灵魂的转向可以认识理念世界,从而发展自身.柏拉图的入学思想建基于idea思想之上而具备了超越性层面,使人的发展也具有了追求超越的特性,教育是对现实人的一种实现,也是对最完善的"理念"人的超越追求.在柏拉图看来,政治结构和灵魂结构是相一致的,国家、个人和灵魂具有承载关系,因而灵魂的教育是国家正义的基础.     

语文教育与提升人文情怀

语文属于人文科学，它既有工具性，又有人本性。要全面提高学生的素质，语文课是一切课程的基础。学理科的学生，如果学不好语文，他们的理科学习也会受到影响，因为语言的训练，不仅关系到科学知识的理解，也关乎到分析和研究问题的能力。语文教育不仅使人向真、向善、向美。而且可以促进人的肉体与灵魂的合一。     

奥古斯丁的灵魂观

灵魂是奥古斯丁思想中仅次于上帝的概念。灵魂的存在,其根据不在于它对肉体的依赖性,而在于思想本身,正是凭靠思想,灵魂才可以超越肉体的束缚,实现其生命的指令。思想是灵魂通往上帝,进入上帝的最近入口     

人的精神生命的哲学视域

当前的生存哲学和类哲学研究都提出了人具有精神生命的问题,但对于人为何具有精神生命却没有从逻辑上给予说明。本文通过对实践与精神之间关系的分析,特别是对精神辩证本性的解读,探索了人为何具有精神生命的学理问题,指出人除了具有肉体生命还具有动物所不具有的精神生命,即人的生命是肉体生命与精神生命的辩证统一。     

论加强大学生的理性精神建设

“理性”是人类依赖于概念、判断、推理等思维方式的一种高级认识活动,其目的在于获得关于事物存在、变化或彼此之间联系的真知。在西方哲学史上,对理性的崇拜源远流长:亚里士多德在其人生哲学著作《论灵魂》中指出,理性是人类的本性,理性的沉思能带给人们最大的幸福;康德认为,感性、知性、理性构成人的认识能力的三个环节,理性是认识的最高阶段。黑格尔则认为,理性是具体的、辩证的思维。而在中国古代哲学中,理性是人的一种主体意志和道德力量。从古到今的哲学家、教育家都把理性精神看成是人生精神的重要构成部分,是人性的内核与底蕴的重…     

柏拉图课程设置思想中的美学精神

柏拉图的课程设置由四门课程构成.虽然各门课程训练的内容不同,但课程设置的基本精神却始终贯穿其中,即培养卫士的理性能力.而这一精神实现的标志则是灵魂经由辩证法这一最终课程走向真善美统一的理式世界.这将柏拉图的课程设置思想与美学精神贯通;而学习的认知心理特点则更有利于体认柏拉图美学的理性精神.理性不仅是柏拉图美学的精髓,而且也是其真善美统一的存在论和价值论的根本.     

理性精神与非理性精神之间的张力

理性作为哲学的思维方式,表现为概念和逻辑的形式。在卖践领域蕴涵着一定的社会伦理和价值观念,它是人类追求的普遍价值性、必然性和永恒无限的能力,它运用知识和理智,控制和驾驭人的自然生命欲望,使有限的生命升华为追求无限的精神力量。人的生命自然的非理性特质和超越自然生命的理性特质,共同构成人之生命与精神对立统一的内在本性,共同构成人与自然和谐无间、理性感性的融合浑然不分状态下的诗性智慧。     

经典阅读与灵魂的培育

正孟子有言,"人之所以异于禽兽者几希",这"几希"所在即人与兽的差别。人由灵魂与肉体两部分构成,其中肉体是人与动物共有的;也即是说人之为人,端赖于有一个动物所欠缺的灵魂,且这个灵魂应该是一个可以分美丑、别善恶的灵魂。但就目前的经济社会而言,人活在世上,往往背离了人之为人的根本,并非为追求灵魂的善,而是为了肉体欲望的满     

经典阅读与灵魂的培育

孟子有言,“人之所以异于禽兽者几希”,这“几希”所在即人与兽的差别。人由灵魂与肉体两部分构成,其中肉体是人与动物共有的;也即是说人之为人,端赖于有一个动物所欠缺的灵魂,且这个灵魂应该是一个可以分美丑、别善恶的灵魂。但就目前的经济社会而言,人活在世上,往往背离了人之为人的根本,并非为追求灵魂的善,而是为了肉体欲望的满足。教育的职责所在,就是要人认识自我,主动意识到人之为人与动物的差别所在,培植人灵魂的善。无论是知识的积累,还是能力的培养,教育必须包含或指向人对自我的认识。而在一般意义上,经典代表了人类认识自我的最高成就。经典的阅读有助于我们形成优良的人性,拥有高贵的灵魂,有意识地追求善好的值得过的生活。     

康德的“自在之物”新解

传统观点认为康德把"自在之物"看作是不可认识的,因而康德是不可知论者。本文对这种观点提出异议。无论从认识的对象还是从认识能力来说,世界永远存在着不可认识的"自在之物"。康德认为通过先天形式认识到的是现象,而不是"自在之物"。应该说这是正确的,因为人认识客观世界总是带有主观性、主观成分,因而所认识到的东西不可能是原来的样子,康德称为现象或表象。康德提出的理论理性所追求的最大统一体:灵魂、世界、上帝,以及实践理性所追求的以自由意志为根据的无条件统一体"至善":灵魂不朽,上帝存在,虽然是"自在之物",但却是人们思维的对象。从今天的现实来看,这种观点是可以成立的。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.