Screening of field pea （Pisum sativum） selections for their reactions to root-knot nematode （Meloidogyne incognita）

INTRODUCTION Fieldpea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the im-portant pulse crops of the world and is cultivated over 5.9 million hectares with a production of about 11.7 million tons (Singh, 1983). In India it is grown over 0.7 million hectares yielding about 0.6 million tons (Singh, 1983). Among various obstacles in cultivating this crop, root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood has been reported to cause severe yield losses of up to 20%~33% (Upadhyay and Dwiv…     

Research on the protection effect of pioglitazone for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） in rats

Objective： The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） has markedly increased. Insulin resistance has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. This study was aimed at observing the relationship between insulin resistance and NAFLD, and evaluating the role of pioglitazone （PGZ） acting as insulin-sensitizing agents in the prevention and treatment of rat fatty liver induced by high fat feeding. Methods： The rats were separated randomly into 6 groups： model group Ⅰ were fed high fat diet for 8 weeks, PGZ prevention group were given PGZ 4 mg/（kg.d） simultaneously, while control group Ⅰ were fed normal food for 8 weeks; model group Ⅱ were fed high fat diet for 16 weeks, PGZ treatment group were given PGZ 4 mg/（kg.d） orally simultaneous with high fat diet for 8 weeks after high fat feeding for 8 weeks, control group Ⅱ were fed normal food for 16 weeks. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks and 16 weeks respectively. Liver weight, body weight, serum activities of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alkaline phosphatase （ALP）, tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α）, fasting blood glucose （FBG）, fasting plasma insulin （FINS）, HOMA （homeostasis model assessment） insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR）, and the liver histology of rats of all groups were assayed. Results： After 8 weeks, the liver in model group Ⅰ showed typical steatosis, accompanied with mild to moderate lobular inflammatory cell infiltration, liver indexes and serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TNF-α were significantly increased （P〈0.05） compared with control group Ⅰ. Whereas, the degree of hepatic injury was attenuated in PGZ prevention group, liver indexes and serum levels of ALT, ALP were significantly decreased （P〈0.05） compared with model group Ⅰ. After 16 weeks, notable steatosis, and lobular inflammation were observed in model group Ⅱ rat liver, while the degree of hepatic injury was attenuated in the PGZ treatment group. Liver index, serum levels ofALT, AST, ALP, FINS and HOMA-IR were significantly increased （P〈0.05） in model group Ⅱ compared with control group Ⅱ. Whereas, in PGZ treatment group, serum levels of AST and FINS showed decreasing tendency, liver indexes, serum levels of ALT, ALP, TNF-α and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased compared with model group Ⅱ. Conclusion： Insulin resistance plays a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in rats. Pioglitazone can attenuate insulin resistance and biochemical and histological injury in high fat-induced fatty liver in rats.     

Development of Pasteuria penetrans in Meloidogyne javanica females as affected by constantly high vs fluctuating temperature in an in-vivo system

INTRODUCTION Pasteuria penetrans is an obligate, en-dospore-forming bacterial parasite of Meloidogynespp. and has shown potential as a biological controlagent against root-knot nematodes (Chen et al., 1996;Dickson et al., 1994) in pot experiments (Channer andGowen, 1988) and micro-plot experiments (Daudi etal., 1990; Trivino and Gowen, 1996). There are prac-tical and technical problems associated with massproduction of P. penetrans inoculum. In-vivo systems,although proven (Stirling an…     

Studies on the management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum disease complex of green gram, Vigna radiata cv ML-1108

INTRODUCTION Green gram (Vigna radiata) is an important short duration pulse crop. Due to its high nutritive value, it is grown throughout the tropical countries of South and Southeast Asia, particularly in India (Vavilov, 1951). Among various pests and diseases, nematodes-fungus disease complex particularly of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum poses a great problem to the cultivation of pulse crops by inflicting severe yield losses (Perveen et al., 1999; De et al., 2000; …     

伦敦城市人口迁入初探(1550-1750)

伦敦的人口迁入是伦敦人口史和城市史的重要内容之一。研究该方面在1550—1750年这一社会转型的重要过渡时期的变化发展,对阐明伦敦、英国经济社会的历史发展进程以及两者之间的重要联系颇有意义。     

不同温度下饥饿对南方鲶仔细影响的初步观察

对有同类相残习性的南方鲶仔鱼饥饿效应的观察表明：在生态适温范围内,随温度升高,饥饿致死速度加快，首次同类相残所需时间缩短，仔鱼50％死亡所需时间缩短．仔鱼50％死亡时，随温度升高．各组间吞食率由升高而降低．各组先后仅剩一尾仔鱼．所剩仔鱼缺食期的生长表明，在25－27℃时，仔鱼的生长速度最快．本文还对南方鲶仔鱼饥饿时的生态行为特点进行了描述．     

甘薯品种对烟粉虱实验种群的影响

研究了甘薯不同品种对烟粉虱实验种群的影响,结果表明所试的6个甘薯品种尤1、1255、98588三个品种受害较重,烟粉虱的着虫率、存活率、成虫寿命及产卵量、种群增长指数均达较高值。     

The Development of the Manchester Motor Skills Assessment (MMSA): An initial evaluation

This article is an initial evaluation of a motor skills assessment for primary aged children. The Manchester Motor Skills Assessment (MMSA) is designed to be quick and easy for teaching assistants to complete, with the dual purposes of informing group programme planning and demonstrating an individual child’s progress following a period of intervention. Inter‐rater reliability checks were conducted during initial assessments of 37 children in 11 schools. Focus groups discussed practical relevance of the tool. The evidence from this small‐scale study suggests that a range of assessors can reliably complete the MMSA. The tool also taps into functionally relevant motor skills for primary age children and informs programme planning. The MMSA appears to be a promising tool for supporting primary schools in identifying children with motor skills difficulties. The contribution of EPs to the MMSA’s development and implementation is discussed.     

不同凝乳酶对干酪成熟期间蛋白质降解的影响

本试验以西安常兴乳品厂当日生产鲜奶为原料,以进口的EZAL、MA0LL作发酵荆（由乳油连球菌和乳酸链球菌组成）,以微生物酶,小牛皱胃酶和胃蛋白酶,羔羊皱胃酶,木瓜蛋白酶。无花果蛋白酶作为凝乳酶生产硬质干酪,研究不同凝乳酶对干酪成熟期间蛋白质降解的影响。蛋白质降解测定结果表明,在干酪成熟过程中残留微生物凝乳酶和小牛皱胃酶对酪蛋白能力最强,天花果蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶最低,羔羊皱昌酶和猪胃蛋白酶居中。     

Development and initial validation of a multidimensional questionnaire on the relationship to work (RWQ)

The paper presents first the theoretical foundations used to develop a pre-experimental version of a questionnaire on relationship to work, and then the four stages of its initial validation leading to an experimental version. These stages included: (1) Defining the dimensions and sub-dimensions of the relationship to work concept; (2) Operationalizing the dimensions and sub-dimensions and creating the items; (3) Verifying the face and content validity and developing the pre-experimental questionnaire; (4) Testing the pre-experimental questionnaire with 550 workers and 538 students, assessing its psychometric properties and elaborating the experimental questionnaire.