适应形势需要加快发展五年制高等职业教育

本文指出五年制高等职业教育有两大优势,适应当前"大力发展社区性高等职业教育"的新形势,提出了促进五年制高等职业教育发展的4条建议.     

Access to higher education of 25 ethnic minorities in Yunnan Province,South Western China

The level of development of higher education (HE) is an important indicator to measure the development of the social economy and the civilization of a region or country. In this article, we compare the distribution of the freshmen of ethnic minorities (EMs) with the distribution of EMs over the population, based on a sample of 1 464 freshmen from 25 EMs of Yunnan Province in People’s Republic of China (PRC). Although this analysis shows that access to HE is equal for some categories of EM students, it still shows that access to HE is harder for these minorities in comparison with freshmen from Han (major ethnic group comprising of 92 % of the Chinese population) families.     

服务型教育体系:区域高等教育发展的新模式

为实现教育发展与经济发展的良性互动,促进区域经济社会的和谐发展,作为我国经济最为发达的城市之一,宁波市率先提出构建服务型教育体系的新思路。构建服务型教育体系,对于转变区域高等教育发展模式,推进高等教育制度创新,实现区域教育结构与产业结构的成功耦合具有积极的作用。     

Academic social cohesion within higher education

This article explores the theoretical foundations of social cohesion as it relates to higher education institutions. In so doing it seeks (a) to understand the core elements of social cohesion—social capital, human capital and ethical behavioural norms that serve a common good—and (b) to establish a flexible framework for understanding the combined contributions of higher education to society. Tertiary institutional phenomena (those occurring in higher education) that are involved in the creation of social cohesion are hereafter termed academic social cohesion. The particular emphasis is on higher education’s role in cultivating moral awareness as a vital product of institutions’ primary activities. These core functions of colleges and universities are discussed in relation to both academic social cohesion and the degree to which they should involve the creation of specific ethical norms.

浅谈高职课程体系构建

高等职业教育的教学改革核心是课程的改革,构建适应我国高等职业教育的课程体系,就是对学生职业化的进程进行一个规划,使学生经过职业定向、技能训练、岗位实习和职业心理及职业道德教育,顺利实现"职业化",成为高素质的全面发展的职业人。围绕课程的改革,必须同时改变教师的工作方式和教学的实施方法。     

我国近代高等教育学制与高等教育现代化

中国近代学制的建立与发展极大地推动了高等教育的现代化进程,并在此期间受到了许多西方包括日本等国影响,但学术界对其发展过程是依附还是借鉴分别持不同观点。通过分析中国近代高等教育学制的嬗变来反思中国高等教育的现代化进程,势必对高等教育未来的发展有所帮助。     

发展社会主义民主政治 促进高等教育治理的社会参与

发展社会主义民主政治,推进国家政治体制改革,动员和组织人民依法管理国家和社会事务,是中国建设社会主义现代化强国的重要政治基础,也是高等教育治理改革的政治基础。扩大高等教育治理的社会参与,对于经济社会发展和国际竞争力提升具有重要基础作用,对于国家行政管理体制改革和扩大基层民主具有重要示范作用。随着高等教育在经济社会发展中地位的提升,社会参与高等教育治理的广度和深度都随之发生正向变化,呈现出规律性的特征。促进高等教育治理的社会广泛参与,实现高等教育良治,需要政府、社会和高等教育机构共同做出努力。     

Developing an instrument to measure social presence in distance higher education

This paper examines the construct of social presence and develops an instrument to measure social presence in distance higher education. Social presence is regarded as an important factor to understand psychological and emotional relations among distant learners, especially when constructivism and discourse based learning are emphasised. Items initially drawn from the literature were reviewed by experts in relevant fields and extracted through exploratory and confirmatory analyses. Then correlation analysis was executed to see the relationship between social presence and other learning variables. As a result, this study confirmed four factor constructs of social presence: mutual attention and support, affective connectedness, sense of community and open communication, and also generated and verified a social presence instrument with a total of 19 items.     

Investigating non-engagement with feedback in higher education as a social practice

Quality in feedback processes rests on students’ engagement with them. A crucial question is therefore why students do not always engage. Scholars have defined engagement as a social practice, pointing to the influence of context but without explaining its nature. The purpose of this article is to argue that existing approaches without a theory of the social cannot fully explain non-engagement and that a practice theoretical approach may fill this gap. It introduces Stephen Kemmis' practice ontology and demonstrates how a feedback practice can be analysed to explain a weak engagement. The article’s contribution to research in engagement with feedback is a new ontology of practice and its methodological apparatus.     

Responding to crises in transnational education: new challenges for higher education

This paper is based on a case study of an Australian university involved in the delivery of transnational programs in an educational environment that has been increasingly characterized by commercial considerations. The researchers conducted focus group interviews with both general and academic staff to ascertain the personal, academic and administrative issues affecting the delivery of educational programs in Asia that arose as a result of one particular crisis in 2003: the SARS epidemic. The findings indicate that both administrative and academic staff felt personally and professionally challenged by the complexity of the issues involved in interrupting the pattern of transnational teaching. Potentially conflicting rationales emerged through the focus group discussions, with administrative staff expressing concern with maintaining services, while lecturers articulated a preoccupation with the safeguarding of assessment standards.     

Peer tutoring and social dynamics in higher education

Peer tutoring in Higher Education is being used with increasing frequency to aid in student learning, motivation, and empowerment. Although an extensive body of research documents the efficacy of such programs, it exhibits a surprising lack of awareness of the social dynamics involved. This study focuses on peer tutors and students as they interact in higher education classrooms. Results indicate that this interaction does not always occur smoothly and that tutors often spend an inordinate amount of time engaged in impression management. Additionally, findings suggest that the tutor/student relationship can be rife with misunderstanding and power struggle.     

Islamic higher education and social cohesion in Indonesia

This study explores the role of public Islamic higher education in promoting better relations between various religious communities in post-authoritarian Indonesia. Based on field research conducted between December 2005 and March 2006, it documents how progressive Islamic education leaders have advanced a tradition of critical intellectualism in efforts toward the “renewal” of Islamic thought. This report provides an analysis of how this tradition has served as a foundation for educators seeking to promote democratization and address issues of social cohesion. It examines some of the core values expressed by educational leaders as they have aspired to transform the most prominent State Institutes for Islamic Studies (IAIN) into genuine universities. The study also highlights the conservative backlash against public Islamic higher education and other purveyors of progressive ideas within Indonesian society.

Differentiation and social selectivity in German higher education

In this paper we investigate social selectivity in access to higher education in Germany and, unlike most previous studies, explicitly devote attention to semi-tertiary institutions such as the so-called universities of cooperative education. Drawing on rational choice models of educational decisions we seek to understand which factors influence upper secondary graduates from different social backgrounds in their choices of diverse tertiary institutions in Germany. We find that scholastic performance, expected job security, study duration, monetary costs and preferences for study content considerably contribute to the creation of socially selective choice patterns of post-secondary careers. The characteristics of semi-tertiary institutions—such as universities of cooperative education that combine firm-based training with tertiary education—constitute a potential alternative that could reduce inequities in access to higher learning.     

论高等职业教育的社会适应性

高等职业教育必须具有社会适应性,表现为动态性、针对性、超前性三个特征;目前高等职业教育中的“不适应症”,主要表现为结构性失业问题、既不能满足用人单位需求又不能满足受教育者需求等问题;增强高等职业教育社会适应性的对策,有拓宽专业口径,加强适应的课程和教材建设,走产学合作道路,注重教育实用性等。