2007年国外科学计量学理论与应用进展研究

科学计量学主要通过运用数学和统计等方法对科学的投入、产出和过程开展分析和研究。2007年,国外科学计量学领域研究主要围绕科学计量学的投入、产出和过程3个方面,具体包括科学发展规律研究、科学产出向专利转化的研究、科研合作研究、创新评估和创新模式研究、学科发展研究前沿和趋势预测的研究。这种大范围、跨学科的研究,大大推动了科学计量学的发展。     

第六届科学计量学与大学评价国际会议

为促进科学计量学与大学评价领域的研究与应用,推动我国评价事业的快速、健康发展和国际化进程,武汉大学、华中师范大学、中国科学学与科技政策研究会与国际科学计量学与信息计量学学会、《美国新闻与世界报道》和大学排名国际专家组将于2010年11月5～6日在武汉大学共同主办第六届科学计量学与大学     

资讯计量学与网路计量学

本文拟就资讯计量学的发展历程作一全面性的回顾，进而析论其定义与范围，再而希望能跨步未来，向前瞻望网路计量学（webometrics)的远景，最后以实证研究见证网路计量学之应用并总结网络计量学之问题与拓展方向。     

从文献计量学到网络计量学

从1958年以来,不知不觉中文献计量学已经发生了根本的变化:它独立成为一个学科,在图书馆和信息科学学院中被广泛教授,并成为世界各地科学评价研究组的核心研究内容。这些都因为尤金.加菲尔德的研究成果和他的科学引文索引而变得可能。本文回顾了文献计量学从1958年到现在的发展历程,对比了早期的文献计量学和它的当前研究内容,综述了一大批最新的研究方向和进展。比如专利分析、国家科研评价实践、新型可视化技术、创新应用、新在线引文索引以及数字图书馆创建相关的发展过程等。还对网络计量学,一门现代迅速发展的文献计量学的分支进行详细的评述。最后,对文献计量学和网络计量学的未来发展趋势也进行了探讨。     

科学计量学主流研究领域与热点前沿研究

[目的/意义]基于对《科学计量学》杂志的研究与回顾,找出科学计量学领域进入发展时期后的主流研究领域和热点前沿,探究其演进脉络,并绘制可视化的知识图谱。[方法/过程]借助Bibexcel与SPSS软件,通过共引分析与因子分析法,得出科学计量学在各发展阶段的主流研究领域;通过共词分析法,利用CiteSpace II软件,对科学计量学3个阶段的研究热点与前沿分别进行识别与可视化。[结果/结论]引文分析、科学合作、科研评价一直是科学计量学在发展时期的主流研究领域,科学计量学的研究对象不断扩充,研究方法不断完善,并逐渐引入社会网络分析等其他学科方法;随着发展阶段的推移,研究热点与前沿的网络密度不断提高,研究前沿动态转变过程中的转折点也不断增加,科学计量学领域的研究更加丰富和深入。创新性地对科学计量学的主流研究领域和热点前沿进行分阶段分析,可以更清晰地展示出发展时期科学计量学的演进脉络。     

Web2.0环境下的科学计量学:选择性计量学

介绍一种Web 2.0环境下的科学计量学理论——选择性计量学。指出选择性计量学与网络计量学既有联系又有区别,选择性计量学与传统科学质量评价的研究对象有所不同。综合分析选择性计量学在时效性、覆盖面和科学交流过程方面的独特研究意义。总结可以在多种开放存取平台和学术社交网络中提取的选择性计量学的评价指标。以Total-Impact工具为例,分析选择性数据集来源和选择性计量类型。     

网络信息计量学研究方法的三维框架

网络信息计量学研究方法在网络信息计量学学科体系中具有基础地位。网络信息计量学方法主要来源于3个学科领域,即信息计量学、文献计量学和科学计量学方法;数字统计学方法以及网络技术和软件技术。提出由理论研究方法、数据收集方法和结果展现方法构成的网络信息计量学研究方法的三维框架,以促进网络信息计量学科的学科范式的形成。图1。表1。参考文献15。     

近十年来国际科学计量学论文发表情况及趋势分析

文章通过对科学计量学领域最为重要的期刊——Scientometrics 1998-2008年所刊载的1249篇文章,按照作者、国家、国家间的合作和引用期刊等方面进行分析,展示科学计量学近十年来的研究现状。美国依然是科学计量学产出最多的国家,亚洲的科学计量学发展速度很快。在国际顶尖研究人员的带动下,利用各国的特色数据资源开展国际合作研究成为未来科学计量学的发展趋势。     

科学计量学应用的佳作——《基于科学计量学指标的科研评价》评析

[目的/意义] 对《基于科学计量学指标的科研评价》一书进行评介,旨在为现有的科研评价体系提供借鉴。[方法/过程] 通过详读全书,查阅大量相关文献,总结本书的特点和精华。[结果/结论] 该书具有研究体系完整、研究目的明确、研究结构清晰、研究指标易于量化等特点,运用科学计量学指标和测度方法来进行科研评价,可为评价科技期刊质量以及科研管理部门制定相关政策提供参考。     

科学计量学与信息计量学的发展:中国大陆与台湾地区比较研究

选择期刊Scientometrics、Journal of Informetrics 2003-2012年期间发表的论文和国际科学计量学与信息计量学大会(ISSI大会)论文集论文为样本,对中国大陆和台湾地区科学计量学与信息计量学的发展进行比较研究。研究从4个方面展开:论文计量分析、引文计量分析、合作研究以及研究内容考察。研究结果表明,中国大陆和台湾地区已经成为国际上科学计量学与信息计量学论文产出大户,但是中国大陆地区论文年篇均引文略低于世界平均水平,AR指数低于台湾地区;两地区学者已经产出合著论文,但合作局限于少数学者和少数机构之间;两地区的研究对象和研究方法有共性又各有特色,中国大陆地区学者更重视科学计量,台湾地区学者更重视技术测度。最后提出促进两地区科学计量学与信息计量学发展需要深入讨论的几个问题。     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

Researching Initiatives and Referenda: A Guide for Nevada

SUMMARY

The Nevada Constitution provides voters with the ability to propose new statutes, amendments to existing statutes, and amendments to the State constitution through the initiative petition process. Voters can also approve or disapprove of existing statutes through the referendum petition process. Both require the circulation of a petition to collect a minimum number of signatures before the Secretary of State will place the measures on the ballot for the general election. As with other topics of law, Nevada has a profound shortage of research resources on initiatives and referenda, but State law and government Web sites provide enough information to allow for significant research.     

Putting Ariel to Work at the University of Texas at Austin: A Case Study

SUMMARY

This article is a case study of Ariel use at the University of Texas at Austin. The author divides the history of Ariel use into three distinct stages: resistance, full implementation, and enhanced. For each stage the advantages and disadvantages of using Ariel are discussed. The author concludes that using Ariel saves both money and staff time and permits faster delivery of documents than other methods.     

Ariel in a High-Volume Environment: How CISTI Has Integrated Ariel into Its Document Delivery Business

SUMMARY

CISTI, the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, is one of the world's largest document delivery suppliers, and was among the first to be fully automated. The revolutionary Intel-liDoc system, developed during the years 1993 to 1995, provided for end-to-end automation of the document delivery process, which has enabled CISTI to improve its service and accommodate growth. From the beginning Ariel was, and remains, an integral part of IntelliDoc. This article describes how Ariel has been integrated into IntelliDoc and into CIS-TI's services, showing the benefits to CISTI and to its clients.     

利益相关者视角下的图书馆电子借阅服务研究

[目的/意义] 以图书馆提供电子借阅服务过程中所涉及的利益相关者为研究对象,厘清各利益相关者的利益关系,提出建立基于社会平衡机制的图书馆电子借阅服务系统的主要路径。[方法/过程] 介绍图书馆电子书和电子借阅的发展现状,引入利益相关者理论分析作者、提供商、图书馆与用户之间的利益关系。[结果/结论] 研究发现图书馆电子借阅服务涉及作者与提供商的商业利益、图书馆提供信息资源的权利和用户获取知识的权利,不同利益主体存在既冲突又合作的关系;图书馆电子借阅服务系统不够成熟,产生明显的资源供需失衡问题。提出以下建议:完善法律制度,维护公共利益;扶持电子书产业发展,规范市场行为;建立许可协议标准模板,保护各方利益;控制采购成本,促进电子书资源利用;发挥电子书优势,促进电子书阅读推广。     

Reading Among Young Russians: Some Modern Tendencies

This article is a preliminary summary of the results of a huge study of reading among urban high school students (ages 14–17) in many regions of Russia. It considers such aspects of the topic as: the place of reading in the structure of high school students' life plans and leisure activities; their motives for reading, their preferences, and the amount they read; the level of their culture of reading and information seeking; and the influence of family, peers, libraries, and the Internet on their reading habits.