政治决策科学性与民主性的分析思考

随着时代的进步和现代科技信息的发展,政治决策日益趋向民主化、科学化.但在实际决策过程中存在许多问题,针对这些问题找出解决对策,即在决策过程中把科学引入决策过程,利用现代科学技术手段,采用民主和科学的方法,把决策变成集思广益的,有科学依据的,从而实现决策的民主化、科学化以加快我国的现代化建设.     

试论图书馆立法的科学性与民主性

本文把图书馆立法纳入推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣的范畴,从图书馆立法坚持科学立法和民主立法两个方面,论述了其重要意义、指导思想、应遵循的原则和基本要求,作者以党的十七大报告指导图书馆立法,是较新的理论成果,呼唤图书馆立法进入实质性程序。     

班级管理的民主性和科学性

正实现班级管理科学性和民主性的高度统一,既是对学校全局管理的有力补充,又是班级健康和谐发展的有力支撑。下面就班级管理的科学民主性问题,笔者谈几点粗浅的认识。一、班级管理的民主性班级管理的民主性,是指教师要给学生发表意见和参与班级建设的权利,充分发挥学生的能动性,提高学生的自我管理、自我教育能力,使学生成为集体的主人。总结自己的班主任工作,笔者觉得班级民     

高师体育课教学的科学性和民主性

受终身体育观念的影响,我国体育教学内容和形式发生了根本的变化,高师体育教学工作加快改革势在必行,本文就高师体育课教学的科学性与民主性这一课题作初浅的分析.     

高师体育课教学的科学性和民主性

受终身体育观念的影响，我国体育教学内容和形式发生了根本的变化，高师体育教学工作加改革势在必行，本文就高师体育课教学的科学性与民主性这一课题作初浅的分析。     

执政民主性与科学性视角下的选举选拔机制建设

提高执政民主性与科学性是党的整体执政能力建设的根本目标。我们必须从提高党的执政民主性与科学性的角度正确认识党管干部原则的科学内涵，改革干部任命制或变相任命制的做法。党组织应当平等地支持党员干部积极自愿地参与政治人才竞争，同时坚持基本政治原则，严格保障和规范竞争程序与规则的实行。     

增强高校德育工作的民主性

切实加强社会主义道德建设 ,通过公民道德建设的不断深化和拓展 ,逐步形成与发展社会主义市场经济相适应的社会主义道德体系 ,这是提高全民族素质的一项基础性工程。高师院校的培养目标是基础教育教师 ,在高师院校宣传贯彻落实好《公民道德建设实施纲要》 ,对于提高全民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质 ,具有重要意义。为此 ,我们组织学院的一些专家教师针对高师院校应如何宣传贯彻落实好《纲要》发表意见 ,并以专题研究形式编发。衷心希望有更多的专家学者对贯彻落实好《纲要》发表更多更好的意见。———编　者     

论行政立法的民主性

目前法律理论界、实践部门关于立法的民主性问题多从实质意义上进行探讨，认为只要立法机关向民众征求立法意见就体现了立法的民主性。也有从身份化的视角出发，认为邀请法学专家起草法律，较之于政府自己起草的法规、规章更能体现立法的民主性。从民主理论、程序正义视角来看，立法的民主性来源于参与主体的民众性、意见征求的被动性（制度性）以及少数人利益的保护性机制设立。     

试论《高等教育法》的民主性特点

坚定不移地推进学校民主建设是邓朴平理论的重要体现,作为理性的产物、集体智慧结晶的《高等教育法》表现出鲜明的民主性特点。这主要体现在：1、在高等教育体制运行中,扩大高校办学自主权。2、在高等学校内部,坚持和完善民主集中制基础上形成的党委领导下的校长负责制,设立高等学校学术委员会,完善教职工代表大会制度,实行民主管理。3、弘扬学术自由与教学自主。     

WTO与经济法立法的民主性

加入WTO后,外国企业、商品与服务理念的大量涌入,对中国具有社会公共利益性质的经济关系影响最为深远。加强经济法立法的民主性是中国应对入世挑战、保障社会主义市场经济建设顺利进行的必然选择,也是实现经济法立法科学化的必要条件,更是经济法实现其核心价值的根本保证。     

试论现代科学对教育学的影响

现代科学特别是２０世纪以来的科学对教育学的发展，影响是巨大的，当代教育学的发展，是科学尺度和人尺度的内在统一，科学尺度的标准之一就是从精神的寻求，人精神的内涵包括着科学信念的坚定。教育研究所具备的这种素养，是教育学在新世纪获得发展精神动力之一。     

严复《老子评点》中的民主自由及科学思想

严复从救国救民、挽救危机的目的出发,撰《老子评点》,认为《老子》的“无为而治”是与民主、自由的精神相符的,而君主专制则是与“无为而治”相对立的,且认为《老子》在逻辑和公例等方面具有近代科学的因素。据此,严复认为中国古代就具有反对专制,提倡自由、科学、民主的传统。因此,他主张在中国进行民主政治的改革。     

Special education,inclusion and democracy

Initially, it is pointed out that adherents of a psycho‐medical perspective often suggest exclusive solutions to special educational dilemmas and that such theorizing has been heavily attacked in past decades. However, it is argued that opposition of the psycho‐medical understanding of special education runs the risk of blurring differences between researchers and practitioners who are more positive about inclusion. One aim of this paper is to disentangle different perspectives on special education and different notions of inclusion among those positive to the idea of inclusion. A second aim is to argue for the necessity of situating the discussion about inclusion and special education within a discussion about democracy and the role of social science within it. Such a discussion seems even more important, given the range of positions discerned in the first part of the paper. In the concluding section of the paper, a proposal is presented for how special education, democracy and inclusion could be related to one another and for the role of research within these relationships. An important argument advanced is that the issue of who is to decide is analytically prior to what is to be decided with regard to inclusive practices.     

Equity,democracy, and neoliberal assaults on teacher education

Although in the long run, neoliberalism has a track record of undermining equity and democracy, in the short run it has directed attention to education needs that have been inadequately addressed. This article sketches what teacher education in the US can do to advance equity and democracy in five areas: recruitment and admission, early fieldwork, professional coursework, student teaching, and on-going professional development. The article then examines three neoliberal pressures teacher education: (1) away from explicit equity-oriented teacher preparation, and toward preparing teachers as technicians; (2) away from defining teacher quality in terms of professional knowledge, and toward defining it terms testable content knowledge; and (3) toward shortening university-based teacher education or by-passing it altogether. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of collaborating with underserved communities as a way of pushing back against neoliberalism.     

The psychological characteristics of experiences that influence science motivation and content knowledge

ABSTRACT

While motivational changes towards science are common during adolescence, our work asks which perceived classroom experiences are most strongly related to these changes. Additionally, we examine which experiences are most strongly associated with learning classroom content. In particular, using self-reports from a sample of approximately 3000 middle school students, this study investigates the influence of perceived science classroom experiences, namely student engagement and perceived success, on motivational change (fascination, values, competency belief) and content knowledge. Controlling for demographic information, school effects, and initial levels of motivation and content knowledge, we find that dimensions of engagement (affect, behavioural/cognitive) and perceived success are differentially associated with changes in particular motivational constructs and learning. Affective engagement is positively associated with motivational outcomes and negatively associated with learning outcomes, behavioural–cognitive engagement is associated only with learning, and perceived success is related only to motivational outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

民主党派在解放战争时期的历史作用

抗日战争胜利后,中国历史又进入一个新的阶段———解放战争时期。这一时期的民主党派继续与中国共产党竭诚合作,坚持和平民主,反对内战独裁,积极配合人民解放军作战,并逐步克服自身的弱点,走上新民主主义革命道路,为推翻反动派统治、建立新中国起到了重要作用。     

民主党派在解放战争时期的历史作用

抗日战争胜利后,中国历史又进入一个新的阶段———解放战争时期。这一时期的民主党派继续与中国共产党竭诚合作,坚持和平民主,反对内战独裁,积极配合人民解放军作战,并逐步克服自身的弱点,走上新民主主义革命道路,为推翻反动派统治、建立新中国起到了重要作用。     

Factors that influence pre-service teachers' persistence

This study investigated the role of various factors in pre-service teachers' persistence. Using a sample of U.S. pre-service teachers (N = 1365) from 256 institutions, the study explored the joint effect of predictors that influence their persistence including student engagement, demographic characteristics, prior achievement, college grades, and institutional characteristics. Results from multilevel logistic models indicated that campus environment engagement was a weak but positive predictor of persistence, those with higher grades were more likely to persist, and male and minority pre-service teachers were less likely to persist. Implications include implementing evidence-based programs to improve campus environment and support at-risk candidates.