微波辐射处理生活废水方法研究

在以颗粒活性炭为催化剂采用微波辐射技术处理生活废水过程中,活性炭用量、微波辐射功率和微波辐射时间等因素对处理效果有显著的影响.研究表明,2g活性炭处理50mL浓度为50mg/L的溶液时,在微波炉功率为800W,反应时间为6.5min条件下处理效果最佳.     

Barriers to Treatment Success in Behavioral Consultation: Current Limitations and Future Directions

Behavioral consultation is a prominent indirect service model in the practice of psychology in the schools. Despite some empirical support for the use of behavioral consultation strategies, consultants frequently face a number of barriers to implementation of treatment in practice. This article outlines a number of these barriers in behavioral consultation, including the lack of standardization of consultation, lack of specific training of consultants, little or no consultee (teacher) training, problems surrounding target behavior identification, and external constraints to consultation. Each of these areas is described along several dimensions that need to be addressed in future research.     

Implementation Planning to Promote Parents' Treatment Integrity of Behavioral Interventions for Children with Autism

Behavioral interventions delivered across home and school settings can promote positive outcomes for youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Yet, stakeholders who deliver these interventions may struggle to implement interventions as intended. Low levels of treatment integrity can undermine potentially positive intervention outcomes. One way to promote implementers' treatment integrity is Implementation Planning, a logistical planning and barrier reduction strategy that is supported by emerging school-based research. The current study extended the research on Implementation Planning and evaluated the effectiveness of the strategy with parents implementing a behavioral intervention at home within a Conjoint Behavioral Consultation model. The behavioral intervention aimed to increase compliance and decrease aggression for two children with ASD at home. Initially, parents struggled to deliver the intervention consistently; however, after Implementation Planning, parents' treatment integrity increased and, subsequently, child outcomes improved. Implications for future research and consultation are presented.     

Cultural Approaches to Parenting

This article first introduces some main ideas behind culture and parenting and next addresses philosophical rationales and methodological considerations central to cultural approaches to parenting, including a brief account of a cross-cultural study of parenting. It then focuses on universals, specifics, and distinctions between form (behavior) and function (meaning) in parenting as embedded in culture. The article concludes by pointing to social policy implications as well as future directions prompted by a cultural approach to parenting.     

从《红楼梦》中学比喻的翻译

在中英文化中,相同的喻体给人带来的联想往往不一定相同。这使得译者在翻译比喻时陷入了一个两难的境地。如果照顾读者的阅读习惯,那么必然要对原文进行较大的改动;要是忠于原文,那么译文读者不一定能明白比喻的含意。本文通过分析杨宪益翻译的《红楼梦》中的一些具体实例,试图归纳总结翻译比喻时的一些方法。     

撰写教学反思的途径与方法

教学反思是对自己教学活动中的思想、观念和行为的理解、判断与感悟以及由此产生的结果进行积极的思考并寻求多种方法来解决的过程.教学反思还能促进教师专业化成长,从经验型教师向研究型、专家型教师转变.教师反思材料来源于教学中的反思、教学后的反思、练习中的反思、调查中的反思、交流中的反思和学习中的反思,从内心孕育中积淀而成,才有可能在学习中反思自己的行为,并提高课堂教学的有效性.     

Approaches to manpower planning

Summary This article has presented a rationale for manpower planning and has explored the conceptual strengths and weaknesses of five of the commonly utilized strategies for approaching manpower planning. Just as disciplines, e.g., economics, sociology and political science, are not clearly discrete areas of inquiry but, in part, overlap one another, so also do the above cited strategies overlap and merge in thede facto arenas of application and analysis. The arbitrary identification of five approaches is intended here only as an initial taxonomy. Thus, this analysis was initiated within a spirit of inquiry and is intended not to reflect dogma, complacency, or premature judgment, but rather to present the application of social science principles to the resolution of immediate and pressing educational problems of transnational significance.

---

Methodische Ansätze der Arbeitskräfteplanung

---

Conceptions de la planification de la main-d'oeuvre

     

试论连贯研究的方法

连贯是语篇分析的一个核心问题,任何理性的、有目的的言语形式(即话语)都具有连贯性.连贯具有显性与隐性、客观与主观、确定与不确定的二元性特征.连贯研究的方法,大致有语言形式法、语用学方法和认知心理法三种.     

城市环境治理类型及其治理途径

城市环境治理是各级管理者依据国家和当地的环境政策、环境法律法规和标准,协调城市经济社会发展与环境保护之间的关系,限制人类损害城市环境质量的活动的有关行为的总称。城市环境治理包括城市大气污染治理、城市水污染治理、城市固体废物污染治理、城市噪声污染治理等四类。不同类型的污染具有不同的特点,其危害也不同,对此应采取不同的治理途径。     

Using Information Technology to Prepare Personnel to Implement Functional Behavioral Assessment and Positive Behavioral Support

Reauthorization of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (1997) produced new language concerned with placement and instruction of students who present challenging behaviors and for whom there is risk of disability determination. The result is an immediate need for preservice personnel preparation as well as staff and professional development practices and procedures concerned with functional behavioral assessment and positive behavioral support (PBS). Recent advances in information technologies are creating new opportunities for advancing this training agenda. This article examines some of the impediments to effective dissemination of training in PBS such as philosophical barriers, school discipline policies, and the inadequacy of present professional and staff training models. It suggests ways that new information technologies can overcome these obstacles and reviews some new approaches using CD-ROM and online instructional methodologies to advance the training agenda.     

语义异常的不同阐释路径

语义异常在语言中是昔遍存在的现象,虽处于学术研究的边缘,却也一直散见于各种语义学论著中。文章通过对各语义学流派不同观点的梳理,将语义异常现象的分析划分为三种路径：形式的、语用的和认知的,同时指出各路径的特点和不足。     

Critical Approaches to Lifelong Education

This paper argues that contemporary interest in lifelong learning can be seen as an artefact of the market. It points out how the attractive vocabulary associated with personal development and empowerment often masks other economic and social purposes. Bearing in mind the social function of education, the author compares the strategies for the promotion of lifelong learning designed for those in "included social categories" with the policies designed for those in marginal and excluded positions. It concludes by challenging its own position by citing positive learner experience in each case.     

会话幽默的语用手段

幽默的产生和理解从根本上讲是一个语用问题,优秀的幽默语言总要具备一种或几种语用特征。本文从指示语、语用歧义及语用前提几个方面对会话幽默的语用手段进行了探讨。     

教师专业发展方式论

本文论述了教师专业发展的三种方式：教师个体的自我学习、反思和研究,教师同伴的互助提高,专业人士的指点引领。三种发展方式的责任主体不同,显示的意义也不尽相同。教师个体的学习、反思、研究是教师专业发展的基础,显示了教师个体专业发展的自觉。教师同伴互助需要学校建设起良性的团队文化和教研文化,显示着教师职业的专业组织特点。专业人士的指点引领则更多依靠教师任职学校和教师培养培训机构、教育行政主管部门有计划、有组织的介入,它显示着社会为教师专业发展承担起了应有的责任。     

商务英语的特点及其教学原则

商务英语作为商务沟通的主要工具之一,在内容和形式上有了很大改变。在教学中如何体现商务英语的特点,如何遵循商务英语的教学原则,本文就此进行了初步的探讨。