儿童对死亡认知的研究综述

近几年来儿童死亡认知的研究作为儿童认知领域的研究中的一部分得到心理学家们的关注,本论从死亡的概念、儿童死亡认知发展特点、研究儿童死亡认知的方法三个方面对儿童死亡人知的研究做述评,在此基础上得出未来研究的发展趋势,为以后儿童死亡认知的研究做铺垫。     

通过绘本了解儿童对死亡的认知情况——个案调查

儿童对死亡的认知程度反映了现今儿童的认知水平与社会性发展的程度,同时通过认知死亡,儿童也能很好地了解生命发展的进程,有利于教师或家长对儿童进行死亡教育。通过绘本阅读及谈话活动的个案调查了解现今儿童对死亡认知的情况,并通过与家长的交流,分析并讨论家长应该如何引导儿童认知死亡。     

接受“獾的礼物”——儿童死亡认知与教育遮谈

死亡是生命的一个构成性因素,儿童已经对死亡现象、特征、概念和原因产生了初步的认知。死亡教育有助于提高儿童对生命自身特点的认识,是终身教育不可缺少的一部分。对儿童死亡教育应该包括儿童对生死的过程和意义的认知,面对死亡的心理调适,以及有关死亡的文化与仪式等内容。开展死亡教育,需要协调家庭、学校和社会三种途径,需要从儿童身边的现象入手适时而逐次地进行教育。     

关注“那一片叶子”——浅析儿童死亡概念发展及影响因素

死亡是生命的一个构成性因素,儿童已经对死亡概念产生了一定的认知,死亡概念是生命中最重要的组织原则,对儿童的人格形成、情绪、心理及认知的发展,有深远的影响。儿童死亡概念的发展有其自身的阶段性、模式性和年龄特征;并受到性别、心理因素、认知能力、家庭社会经济地位、家庭宗教信仰、生活经验、大众传媒等多种因素的影响。     

论儿童社会性教育的心理学依据

不同的心理学流派对儿童社会化有不同的观点和看法。精神分析理论强调本能对个体社会化的作用,新精神分析派则增加了对社会文化因素的重视,认知理论强调认知发展对儿童社会化过程的影响,而人本主义心理学关心的是人自身向健康人格的成长潜能。尽管这些流派对儿童社会化问题的解释各有特色,也都有其局限性,但它们都从不同角度为我们进行儿童社会性教育提供了一定的心理学依据。 一、儿童认知发展水平是社会性教育的基础 皮亚杰认为,儿童的社会性发展依赖于儿童的认知发展,这一观点开拓了“社会认知”这一新的研究领域,将儿童的认知发…     

儿童非正式数学能力发展研究进展

一、引言随着对儿童早期数学认知能力发展的关注和相关研究的进展,研究者逐渐认识到儿童数学认知能力并非始于对抽象符号系统的认知,依赖于具体实物表征的认知能力才是儿童早期数学认知能力的最初表现形式。(Bryant,1995;Geary,1996;Ginsburg,Klein&Starkey,1998)因此,学校正式教育环境之外儿童所获得和发展的数学能力,以及这种能力对促进学校数学教学的意义得到了心理学和教育学研究的普遍关注。研究者把这种数学能力称为儿童的非正式数学能力(InformalMathemat-ics),或日常数学认知能力(EverydayMathematics),以区别于儿童在正式的学…     

儿童死亡认知发展的特点、影响因素及应对

对儿童来说,理解死亡是比较困难的,但他们在现实生活中又不断地接触到死亡现象,并由此产生困惑。因此,本文主要对儿童死亡认知发展的特点、影响因素及应对进行了阐述,以帮助我们更好地引导儿童对死亡的理解,促进其社会性发展。     

4～5岁儿童对死亡三个特征的理解

以50名4岁和5岁儿童为被试,用访谈法和实验法研究他们对死亡三个特征的认知发展,结果发现:他们对死亡的认知是随着年龄发展而提高的;对死亡三个特征的认知表现出不平衡性,死亡不可逆性的理解最先开始发展.     

《等了一整天》中认知语境的构建

认知语境能解释交际者语用推理的过程,是影响文学作品文本解读的重要认知机制。海明威短篇小说《等了一整天》借助儿童的视角和思维方式来传递海明威的死亡意识,读者推导和获取文本信息则是通过不断构建语境假设来实现的。认知语境的直接场合、语言上下文以及知识和社会心理表征三个构建因素使读者完成了第一层次死亡意识的意义获取,而认知语境的动态构建过程使得儿童视角下死亡意识的第二个层次得以实现。     

儿童死亡认知发展的特点、影响因素及应对

对儿童来说,理解死亡是比较困难的,但他们在现实生活中又不断地接触到死亡现象,并由此产生困惑.因此,本文主要对儿童死亡认知发展的特点、影响因素及应对进行了阐述,以帮助我们更好地引导儿童对死亡的理解,促进其社会性发展.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.