E-Government Policy and Health Information Systems Implementation in Andhra Pradesh,India: Need for Articulation of Linkages Between the Macro and the Micro

In recent years, many different types of e-government projects have been implemented across the developing world. One important application area, especially following the Millennium Development Goals, is the introduction of health information systems to improve the management of health care for development. Despite significant investments in these projects, experience reveals a disjuncture between macro-level policy priorities and micro-level implementation of these programmes. We use a broad conceptualization of evaluation to synthesize priorities at different levels during the implementation of an e-government project—the Health Information Systems Project (HISP) in Andhra Pradesh, India. This enables us to identify important enabling processes and conditions which serve to connect policy and implementation priorities. Our findings suggest that evaluation does help us to understand the disjuncture between policy at the macro level and implementation at the micro level and to identify linkages between the two. Finally, we discuss some of the key institutional issues that need to be addressed to translate the learning derived from the field into policy actions.     

E-Government Policy and Health Information Systems Implementation in Andhra Pradesh, India: Need for Articulation of Linkages Between the Macro and the Micro

In recent years, many different types of e-government projects have been implemented across the developing world. One important application area, especially following the Millennium Development Goals, is the introduction of health information systems to improve the management of health care for development. Despite significant investments in these projects, experience reveals a disjuncture between macro-level policy priorities and micro-level implementation of these programmes. We use a broad conceptualization of evaluation to synthesize priorities at different levels during the implementation of an e-government project—the Health Information Systems Project (HISP) in Andhra Pradesh, India. This enables us to identify important enabling processes and conditions which serve to connect policy and implementation priorities. Our findings suggest that evaluation does help us to understand the disjuncture between policy at the macro level and implementation at the micro level and to identify linkages between the two. Finally, we discuss some of the key institutional issues that need to be addressed to translate the learning derived from the field into policy actions.     

客户参与对Scrum团队信息系统开发成功率的影响

基于Scrum软件开发模型,增加用户参与1个内生变量和交流、有用性感知、便易性感知、趣味性感知4个外生变量构建Scrum团队客户参与概念模型。采用专家询问和问卷调查的方法对模型进行检验,结果表明:客户参与对信息系统开发成功率有显著影响,其中有效交流、有用性感知、趣味性感知是3个关键因素且为正相关关系。研究结果有利于提高信息系统开发成功率,对基于Scrum团队客户参与模型在其他领域的应用也有一定的实践参考价值。     

Current state of competitive intelligence in South Africa

The economic success of a country depends on its capacity to apply activities which create a competitive advantage. The business environment is highly complex in South Africa and the purpose of this article is to examine the current situation with regard to competitive intelligence (CI) activities in South Africa. Since CI is a relatively new activity in South Africa, this study is mainly exploratory in nature. A questionnaire survey methodology was used where questionnaires were administered to CI experts in organisations in South Africa. The majority of respondents has postgraduate degrees and was in either top management or senior/middle management level of their organisations. Only 55% of the respondents are of the opinion that they cope above average with changes in the business environment and 60% of the respondents strongly agreed that the most important CI activity in their organisation is to use CI to remain cognisant with government legislative trends. It is recommended that organisations should enhance a CI culture by creating CI awareness among employees and provide CI training sessions for new employees.     

神经信息系统研究:定位、方法和展望

近些年，认知神经科学的研究方法有效弥补了传统信息系统（IS）研究存在的不足，降低了传统研究自我报告方法的测量误差，客观并准确地测量用户决策的心理加工过程，推进了信息系统科学研究的发展。通过介绍信息系统研究领域的国际前沿——神经信息系统研究（NeuroIS），力图帮助IS研究者更好地了解NeuroIS国内外研究现状，洞察进入NeuroIS这一前沿领域所需的相关知识和技术基础。通过收集并阅读NeuroIS自提出以来至今的文献，回顾并总结其发展历程、学科定位、常用研究工具和研究问题，论述NeuroIS研究应该明确的定位和工具选择的方法，并对现有文献的研究主题进行梳理，最后提出NeuroIS未来研究的实用性建议。     

信息化中的区域问题:对苏南的实证分析

信息化进程中的区域问题是信息经济学研究中不可忽视的重要课题。中国的信息化建设既要整体推进,又要区域重点突破。根据这一设想,本文对全国经济发达地区之一的苏南信息化问题进行了较全面的分析。文章总结论述了苏南在全国率先实现信息化的优势条件、苏南率先实现信息化的外在压力与内在动力,并对苏南实现信息化的指导思想、战略模式等问题进行了深入的分析。文章最后研究了苏南信息产业布局中的相关问题。     

Balancing the Local and the Global in Infrastructural Information Systems

A considerable body of literature has demonstrated-- empirically as well as analytically--that information systems need to be situated to the local context of use. Yet for infrastructural information systems that span numerous contexts spread out globally, this is literally prohibitive. For these systems to work, it is necessary to strike a balance between sensitiveness to local contexts and a need to standardize across contexts. We analyze a key element in this, namely, spelling out the (largely invisible) "costs" that the different actors pay to achieve working solutions. Empirically, we draw from an ongoing case study. We analyze the attempts of a maritime classification company with 5500 employees located in 300 sites in 100 countries to develop an infrastructural information system to support the surveying of ships globally. We elaborate design implications and concepts relevant to developing information infrastructures that also apply to the context of developing countries.     

Information Access in Africa: Problems with Every Channel

Every information channel within Africa is restricted. Limited budgets cause television stations to produce few shows of their own and to fill airtime with cheap American imports-imports that are often at odds with local cultural values. Book production is complicated by high production costs. The computer database industry is miniscule by U.S. standards. The World Wide Web opens a new forum for information access, but is complicated by high phone charges.     

21世纪以来中国对南非教师教育的研究述评

进入21世纪以来,我国学者对南非教育问题的关注较多,尤其是对南非教师教育问题的研究,主要体现在教师教育研究的政策与制度方面、教师教育发展研究、教师教育质量的研究、教师教育信息化研究以及教师资格认证研究等方面。本文试图从以上几个方面分析研究我国南非教师教育研究的特点及问题。     

Temporal Issues in Information and Communication Technology-Enabled Organizational Change: Evidence From an Enterprise Systems Implementation

In this article we highlight temporal effects in information and communication technology-enabled organizational change. Examples of temporal effects are explored in the context of one organization's efforts to implement an enterprise-wide information system. Temporality is presented as having two aspects, with the first being the well-recognized, linear and measured clock time. The second aspect of time is that which is perceived--often as nonlinear--and socially defined. We find that temporal effects arise both in changes to the structure of work and in differences among groups in how time is perceived. Evidence suggests that both specific characteristics of the implementation and of the enterprise systems' technologies further exacerbate these temporal effects. We conclude with suggestions for how to incorporate a temporally reflective perspective into analysis of technology-enabled organizational change and how a temporal perspective provides insight into both the social and technical aspects of the sociotechnical nature of enterprise systems.     

美国地调局自动信息系统安全管理及其对国家地质资料数据中心建设的启示

美国地调局非常重视其包括网络服务在内的自动信息系统安全,以保护美国地调局所有信息技术设备压其所处理的数据。美国地调局自动信息系统敏感等级分为4个等级,对所有自动信息系统制定了相应的安全管理措施．包括安全规划、风险管理、信息资源的保护、应急计划、敏感应用程序安全、职工安全培训、人事安全及报告制度等。通过研究,对我国国家地质资料数据中心建设安全工作提出了参考性建议。     

信息系统(IS)能力与企业竞争优势研究——基于动态能力理论(DCV)视角

在综述动态能力理论(Dynam ic Capab ilities V iew,DCV)和信息系统(Inform ation System s,IS)/IT能力研究发展的基础上,提出了IS对于企业竞争优势的影响(IS-DCV)模型,认为IS主要是通过管理过程对企业产生影响,并通过案例的方式论述了模型的合理性。     

On the value of foreign PhDs in the developing world: Training versus selection effects in the case of South Africa

When seeking to improve science in emerging economies, uncertainty exists whether PhD training in an emerging economy can yield comparable results to PhD training in the developed world. Scientific achievements may vary because of excellent training at good universities, but also because excellent students select (and are selected by) good universities. This paper compares the career effects of overseas and domestic PhD training for scholars working in an emerging economy, South Africa. We differentiate between and examine both selection and training effects for PhDs from three tiers of South African and two tiers of foreign universities. South African academics with PhDs from universities in industrialised countries generally achieve greater career success than those with local PhDs, but training by universities in industrialised countries is not necessarily better than local training. Our results suggest that the perceived superiority of foreign PhD training stems from selection rather than do training effects, and pure selection effects in fact explain career outcomes better than training effects. Focusing on training rather than selection, PhDs from top South African universities produce a similar quantity and quality research output to those trained by the leading universities in the developed world. From the perspective of an emerging economy with limited resources wishing to advance science, the development of local universities should thus be stressed, although it is clear that individuals who are able to study for a PhD abroad gain personally when they return.     

A New Research Programme on Information and Communication Technologies. The E-Society: Understanding the Restructuring of Practices and Institutions in the Digital Age

This is an advance notice of a new research programme, supported by Britain's Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), investigating the restructuring of practices and institutions in the digital age. The call for applications is planned for November 2001; first projects are expected to commence in October 2002. The ESRC is currently preparing the recruitment of a Programme Director.Further information on the process will be published in due course and will be available on the ESRC's website at: http:/ /www.esrc.ac.uk/E-Society.htm. Below is the text of the proposal on the basis of which the ESRC decided to fund a research programme in this area. This proposal was developed through a consultancy led by Professor William H. Dutton. Please note that there might be changes to the programme outline once the Programme Director is appointed. Contact: Angelika Hamilton, angelika.hamilton@esrc.ac.uk, with any comments or recommendations.     

搜索引擎在企业竞争情报搜集中的应用

经济全球化促使企业间的竞争更加激烈,竞争情报已逐渐成为企业的核心竞争力之一。本文以网络环境为背景,详细阐述了竞争情报对企业的重要性;如何利用搜索引擎在网络中获取有价值的情报;合理运用搜索引擎给企业带来的效益;并提出了从人和搜索引擎两方面同步改进,以提高企业的情报搜集能力。     

网络环境下公共图书馆报刊信息资源的开发与利用

针对当前我国的网络环境，探讨了用户对公共图书馆报刊信息资源的需求特点及开发利用的策略。     

The gender gap in early career transitions in the life sciences

We examined the extent to which and why early career transitions have led to women being underrepresented among faculty in the life sciences. We followed the careers of 6,336 scientists from the post-doctoral fellowship stage to becoming a principal investigator (PI) – a critical transition in the academic life sciences. Using a unique dataset that connects individuals’ National Institutes of Health funding histories to their publication records, we found that a large portion of the overall gender gap in the life sciences emerges at this transition. Women become PIs at a 20% lower rate than men. Differences in “productivity” (publication records) can explain about 60% of this differential. The remaining portion appears to stem from gender differences in the returns to similar publication records, with women receiving less credit for their citations.     

《公众获取官方文件的欧盟条约》对我国政府信息公开的启示

随着《中华人民共和国政府信息公开条例》的颁布施行,我国的政府信息公开走向了法制化的道路。但是没有公众广泛参与的中国政府信息公开到底能走多远？怎样转变我们的立法思维,怎样丰富我们的信息公开的手段,从而使公众充分的参与到我们的政府信息公开制度的发展中来,欧盟《公众获取官方文件条约》将会给我们一些启示。