Beyond known uncertainties: Interventions at the fuel-engine interface

The following article describes the history of the fuel-engine interface in two case studies (from 1900 onwards) with the goal of understanding the complexity of such an interface composed of two technological systems that do not form a clear hierarchical relationship. A technological setting with two divergent cores is particularly prone to external influence, in particular to governmental regulation.The proposed framework in this article complements and extends the existing literature on technological community in particular regarding: (a) the importance of the interface between industries that are not subordinate to one another, (b) the role of the regulator, and (c) the focus on hidden uncertainties. This study illustrates how certain types of uncertainties within complex innovative projects can result in inertia and sub-optimal solutions. The proposed framework has implications for theory, management, and policy practice.     

试论界面管理发展的三个阶段

本文首先介绍了三代R＆D管理的模式与特点,在此基础上提出界面管理发展的三阶段模式,认为企业界面管理的发展可以划分为三个阶段:职能分割、部门各行其是的第一阶段;追求部门合作精神,在单个项目上实行界面联结的第二阶段;以及最终要达到的在企业整体范围、在多项目水平上实现战略联结的第三阶段.本文最后引用案例进行分析论证,并说明认知界面管理发展三阶段模式的现实意义.     

The furniture company: deductive databases and the scheduling problem

In this paper we address the possibility of utilizing a deductive database solution to assist a furniture company to solve its delivery scheduling problems. We first present the company's current approach to scheduling furniture deliveries using their present computing facilities. Then, we discuss their search for an off-the-self solution, resulting in the proposed solution employing the capabilities of a deductive database application. An evaluation of the current state of commercially available deductive database is conducted and presented to assess the possibilities and availability of the technology to focus on an alternative for the furniture company.     

Artefacts at the liquid interface and their impact in miniaturized biochemical assay

Droplet microfluidic technology has the potential to significantly reduce reagent use, and therefore, lower costs of assays employed in drug discovery campaigns. In addition to the reduction in costs, this technology can also reduce evaporation and contamination which are often problems seen in miniaturized microtitre plate formats. Despite these advantages, we currently advise caution in the use of these microfluidic approaches as there remains a lack of understanding of the artefacts of the systems such as reagent partitioning from droplet to carrier oil and interaction of the biological reagents with the water-oil interface. Both types of artefact can lead to inaccurate and misleading data. In this paper, we present a study of the partitioning of a number of drug-like molecules in a range of oils and evidence of protein binding at the water-oil interface which results in reduced activity of a cytochrome P450 enzyme. Data presented show that the drug-like molecules partitioned the least into fluorocarbon oils and the interaction of the 1A2 cytochrome at the water-oil interface resulted in a lower or complete absence of enzyme activity. This loss of activity of cytochrome 1A2 could be restored by the use of secondary blocking proteins although changes in the pharmacology of known 1A2 inhibitors were observed. The artefacts described here due to reagents partitioning into the carrier oil or protein binding at the water-oil interface significantly impact the potential use of these microfluidic systems as a means to carry out miniaturized biological assays, and further work is needed to understand the impact and reduction of these phenomena.     

企业创新界面有效性状态的评价方法研究

本文运用和谐理论及和谐分析矩阵,从界面和谐态的角度分析了影响企业创新界面状态有效性的四个主要因素,建立了企业创新界面有效性状态测度模型,;最后对陕西省Q公司的界面状态有效性(和谐性)问题进行案例研究。     

产品创新市场导向与R&D—市场营销界面管理关系实证研究

本文在理论研究的基础上,结合我国制造业企业的实地调研数据,对企业产品创新市场导向与R&D-市场营销界面管理水平之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,产品创新市场导向对于产品创新前期的R&D-市场营销界面管理水平具有较显著的正向促进作用,而在产品创新后期这种正向作用却并不明显。文章最后对实证结果进行了讨论,并针对我国企业实际提出了相应的建议。     

When neighboring disciplines fail to learn from each other: The case of innovation and project management research

As knowledge production becomes more specialized, studying complex and multi-faceted empirical realities becomes more difficult. This has created a growing need for cross-fertilization and collaboration between research disciplines. According to prior studies, the sharing of concepts, ideas and empirical domains with other disciplines may promote cross-fertilization. We challenge this one-sided view. Based on an analysis of the parallel development of the neighboring disciplines of innovation studies and project management, we show that the sharing of concepts and empirical domains can have ambivalent effects. Under conditions of ideological distancing, shared concepts and domains will be narrowly assimilated ? an effect we call ‘encapsulation’ – which creates an illusion of sharing, while promoting further self-containment. By comparison, reflexive meta-theories and cross-disciplinary community-building will enable a form of sharing that promotes cross-fertilization. Our findings inform research on research specialization, cross-fertilization and effectiveness of interdisciplinary collaboration.     

甘蔗真菌病病害及生物防治的研究进展

文章论述了甘蔗常见真菌病害的种类及研究现状。通过对现有科研成果的研究,总结出目前阶段国内对于甘蔗真菌病害防治的不足和生物防治手段的缺失。通过对植物真菌病现有生防研究方法在植物真菌病害防治的讨论,提出针对甘蔗真菌病害的生物防治可借鉴的思考点和切入点,为甘蔗真菌病的生防工程提供思路。     

How status of research papers affects the way they are read and cited

Although citations are widely used to measure the influence of scientific works, research shows that many citations serve rhetorical functions and reflect little-to-no influence on the citing authors. If highly cited papers disproportionately attract rhetorical citations then their citation counts may reflect rhetorical usefulness more than influence. Alternatively, researchers may perceive highly cited papers to be of higher quality and invest more effort into reading them, leading to disproportionately substantive citations. We test these arguments using data on 17,154 randomly sampled citations collected via surveys from 9,380 corresponding authors in 15 fields. We find that most citations (54%) had little-to-no influence on the citing authors. However, citations to the most highly cited papers were 2–3 times more likely to denote substantial influence. Experimental and correlational data show a key mechanism: displaying low citation counts lowers perceptions of a paper's quality, and papers with poor perceived quality are read more superficially. The results suggest that higher citation counts lead to more meaningful engagement from readers and, consequently, the most highly cited papers influence the research frontier much more than their raw citation counts imply.     

国内外新型科研机构的比较与研究

本文总结了国内外主要新型科研机构的发展现状,系统性分析了它们的组织架构、建设模式和运行模式,归纳与总结在体制机制上创新之处,并提出了发展新型科研机构的建议。     

基层人民银行目前存在的一些问题及建议

银监会的设立是我国金融体制改革的重大举措，标志着金融监管进入了新的历史发展阶段，中央银行的宏观调控、执行货币政策职能与金融监管职能相分离，中央银行将进一步提高执行货币政策及金融服务水平，宏观调控将更具有独立性。当前，央行总行的“三定”方案已成定局，“金融稳定局、金融市场司、反洗钱局”的成立，标志着人民银行的职能有了新的改变。基层央行取消金融监管职能后，如何     

When Nightingales Break the Law: Silence and the Construction of Reality

Strikingly, theorizing about digital technologies has led us to recognize many habitual subjects of research as figures against fields that are also worthy of study. Communication, for example, becomes visible only against the field of silence. Silence is critically important for the construction of reality – and the social construction of reality has a complement, the also necessary contemplative construction of reality. Silence is so sensitive and fragile that an inability to achieve it, or to get rid of it, or to correct the wrong kind of silence often provides early indicators of individual, group, communal, and society-wide stresses from information technologies. Indeed, we might treat difficulties with silence as miners treated canaries in coal mines, as early warning signals. The story has already been told that nightingales in London now have to sing so loudly in order to be heard above the ambient noise that the birds are in danger of breaking the noise ordinance law. Surely something has gone awry if nightingales break the law when they sing. Finding ways to protect silence as an arena of personal and social choice is a particularly poignant, evocative, and instructive ethical and policy horizon at this frontier moment for the human species. This article introduces the theory of the contemplative construction of reality, explores what the study of silence tells us about reality construction processes, and outlines a research agenda.     

浅谈临床科研成果反哺教学助力临床医学专业建设

文章从科研在教学中的作用、临床科研成果反哺教学、临床科研成果促进临床专业建设方面论证临床科研成果反哺教学助力临床医学专业建设,强调临床科研成果的转化及应用能够促进教学质量的提高,优化完善临床医学专业建设。     

姜黄素的药理作用与临床研究进展

姜黄素是从姜科植物姜黄中提取出的一种具有酚基和醌基的天然药物,呈黄色,是姜黄发挥其药理作用的主要活性成分。姜黄素具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等药理作用,并且具有安全高效等特点,近年来受到国内外的广泛关注。本综述就其药理作用及临床研究进展进行阐述,希望为其临床应用及进一步研究提供新思路。     

开放环境下界面功能对企业绩效的实证研究

本文在理论研究基础上构建了企业界面功能对企业绩效的关系模型,通过对我国甲级化工设计企业的有效问卷调查,研究开放环境下界面功能如何影响企业绩效,结果表明:企业通过界面管理获得的界面功能与企业绩效正相关,开放度与企业绩效正相关,而且企业开放度对界面功能与企业绩效之间的关系有着一定的正向调节效应,即企业开放度越大,界面功能对企业绩效的促进作用越强,反之亦然。最后指出了本文的主要研究结论、创新点和不足,并针对我国化工设计企业提出了管理建议。     

大学技术转移中的界面及其移动分析

大学技术转移的界面由大学与企业两个系统之间的活动过程和相互作用所决定。从界面的视角来观察,大学技术转移既非单纯发生于大学系统内部,亦非单纯发生于企业系统内部,而是大学与企业两个系统之间的界面发生交互作用的一个双向互动的演化过程。大学技术转移界面具有模糊性、多样性和演化性的特征。在大学技术转移过程中,界面位置的移动直接对应着大学技术转移的模式选择。