单机最小化加权总完工时间的产品加工问题

In this paper,a fabrication scheduling problem concerning the production of components at a single manufacturing facility was studied,in which the manufactured components are subsequently assembled into a finite number of end products. Each product was assumed to comprise a common component to all jobs and a unique component to itself.Common operations were processed in batches and each batch required a setup time.A product is completed when both its two operations have been processed and are available.The optimality criterion considered was the minimization of weighted flow time.For this scheduling problem,the optimal schedules were described in a weignted shortest processing time first(WSPT)order and two algorithms were constructed corresponding to the batch availability and item availability,respectively.     

波形折流杆换热器的开发和工业化实验研究

The conventional heat exchanger with segmental baffles is prone to bring forth fluid-induced vibration of heat transfer tubes and increase the pressure drop of shell-side greatly at higher fluid flow velocity. In order to avoid the above defects, the ROD-baffle heat exchanger has been developed. However, its collocation of heat transfer tubes is conventionally in square, which leads to fewer heat transfer area per unit volume. Based on the ROD-baffle heat exchanger, a new type curve-ROD baffle has been developed, and an industrial investigation of the curve-ROD baffle heat exchanger with normal triangular collocation has been carried into execution. In this paper, two equations using the Reynolds number were acquired to predict the heat transfer coefficients of the shell-side and tubeside. The experimental results show that the shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the curve-ROD baffle heat exchanger are superior to those of the segmental baffle one.     

Predicting crest settlement in concrete face rockfill dams using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and gene expression programming intelligent methods

This paper deals with the estimation of crest settlement in a concrete face rockfill dam （CFRD）, utilizing intelligent methods. Following completion of dam construction, considerable movements of the crest and the body of the dam can develop during the first impoundment of the reservoir. Although there is vast experience worldwide in CFRD design and construction, few accurate experimental relationships are available to predict the settlement in CFRD. The goal is to advance the development of intelligent methods to estimate the subsidence of dams at the design stage. Due to dam zonifieation and uncertainties in material properties, these methods appear to be the appropriate choice. In this study, the crest settlement behavior of CFRDs is analyzed based on compiled data of 24 CFRDs constructed during recent years around the world, along with the utilization of gene ex- pression programming （GEP） and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system （ANFIS） methods. In addition, dam height （H）, shape factor （St）, and time （t, time after first operation） are also assessed, being considered major factors in predicting the settlement behavior. From the relationships proposed, the values ofR2 for both equations of GEP （with and without constant） were 0.9603 and 0.9734, and for the three approaches of ANFIS （grid partitioning （GP）, subtractive clustering method （SCM）, and fuzzy c-means clustering （FCM）） were 0.9693, 0.8657, and 0.8848, respectively. The obtained results indicate that the overall behavior evaluated by this approach is consistent with the measured data of other CFRDs.     

Optimizing Earth Allocation for Rock-Fill Dam Construction

An optimal allocation of earth is of great significance to reduce the project cost and duration in the construction of rock-fill dams. The earth allocation is a dynamic system affected by various time-space constraints. Based on previous studies, a new method of optimizing this dynamic system as a static one is presented. In order to build a generalized and flexible model of the problem, some man-made constraints were investigated in building the mathematic model. Linear programming and simplex method are introduced to solve the optimization problem of earth allocation. A case study in a large-scale rock-fill dam construction project is presented to demonstrate the proposed method and its successful application shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.     

Potential application of particle based simulations in reservoir security management

In order to model the movement progress in case of risks such as dam collapse and coastal inundation, particle-based simulation methods, including the discrete-element method and smoothed particle hydrodynamics, which have specific advantages in modeling complex three-dimensional environmental fluid and particulate flows, are adopted as an effective way to illustrate environmental applications possibly happening in the real world. The theory of these methods and their relative advantages compared with traditional methods are discussed. Examples of 3-D flows on realistic topography including the flooding of a river valley as a result of a dam collapse and coastal inundation by a tsunami are introduced. Issues related to validation and quality data availability are also discussed. The results show that the simulations provide a valuable insight in a given situation for the security management of reservoir dams. Validation can only be performed where both the initial and final states can be very well characterized.     

Effect of Ultrafine Particles on Flow Field and Transport Properties near the Interface Around a Moving Bubble

Laser Doppler Anemometer has been used to measure the flow field characteristics near the interface around a moving bubble in the presence of ultrafine particles. In order to model a moving bubble, the bubble was fixed into the counter-flow liquid by a metal mesh. Experimental materials are air and water, and the particles are complex oxidate powder. Experiments were carried out under the operating conditions: the liquid flow velocity u0 is 12.6cm/s, the equivalent diameter de is 0.6cm, the mass concentration of particle is 0.2%,the average particle diameter is about 10nm and the density is 2g/cm^3. The velocity profiles of beth frontal and tail-vortex areas were measured respectively. The experimental results show that the velocity fields are obviously changed in the existence of particles. In the frontal area of the bubble, beth tangential and normal velocities decrease due to the presence of particles, but in tail vortex area, the tangential velocities increase remarkably,and normal velocities rise gradually from the center towards the fringe in the opposite tendency to that of no partitles. The influences of flow field change in the presence of particles on gas-liquid mass transfer are analyzed and discussed.     

Experimental investigation on mixing enhancement mechanism of turbulent jet flow with tabbed nozzle

Flow visualization and hot-wire measurement techniques were combined to investigate the influence of the size and number of tabs on jet flow field and vortex structure generation mechanism. Streamwise vortices generated by the tabs of different sizes and numbers were ob- served from the flow visualization images. Combined with flow visualization, hot-wire measurement gave a quantitative insight of the effect of various tabbed jet flows. Instantaneous two-component velocity signals （longitudinal and transverse velocity components） at different cross sections along radius direction and streamwise direction with different tabbed jet nozzles were measured using hot-wire anemometer. Average flow field parameters of tabbed jet flow such as mean velocity, turbulence intensity, vorticity were analyzed and the effects of tabs with different sizes and numbers were compared with that of circular no-tab jet flow. It is revealed that the generation of a series of counter-rotating quasi-streamwise vortices, azimuthal vortices and double-row azi-muthal vortex are the reasons for mixing enhancement of tabbed turbulent jet flow.     

Lagrangian time scales and its relationship to Eulerian equivalents in turbulent channel flow

Lagrangian and Eulerian time scales were obtained from the direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow at two Reynolds numbers based on the friction velocity and channel half-height, Rer= 80, 100. The Lagrangian integral time scales and time microscales were compared to their Eulerian equivalents. It is found that the ratio of Lagrangian to TL Eulerian integral time scales is given by TE/TiE= 1 ＋ 0.1y＋ for y＋ ≤ 10, and that the ratios between the Lagrangian to theEulerian time microscales are almost the same irrespective of the components. Those increase with y＋ are approximated by ≈ 2.75 - 1.75 exp （-v＋/a） . These results also show that these expressions are independent of the Reynolds number.     

Recent development of vortex method in incompressible viscous bluff body flows

INTRODUCTION A number of problems involve flows of gases orliquids over bluff bodies such as air flowing over carsand airplanes and wind blowing over bridges andbuildings. Many experiments or simulations havefocused on the above problems. In those phenomena,flows will not follow the solid bodies completely, butseparate from them and create wakes. The generationand shedding of large coherent vortex structures dueto flow separation make the bluff body flows complexand very difficult …     

Numerical Modeling of the Performance of R22 and R290 in Adiabatic Capillary Tubes Considering Metastable Two-Phase Region——Flow Characteristics and Parametric Analysis of R22 and R290

Characteristics of R22 and its new alternative refrigerant R200 flowing through adiabatic capillary tubes are investigated based on the homogeneous model. Extensive flow variables along tube length such as pressure, temperature, viscosity, velocity. Reynolds number, friction factor and vapor quality etc are compared between the two fluids under the same operating condition. Two cases are considered, namely, either the same tube length or the same mass flow rate as inlet condition. The results show that the mass flow rate in the capillary tube of R290 is 40% lower than that of R22 due to the differences of physical properties between the two fluids. Further. a parametric analysis is performed and it appears that effects of geometric and thermodynamic parameters on mass flow rate of R290 are weaker than that of R22. When the condensing temperature is increased from 40℃ to 50℃ C. the mass flow rate for R22 is increased by 16%. while the increasing rate for R290 is 13%.     

有限元应力计算在某拱坝加高工程的应用

拱坝加高的关键问题是加高后对坝踵处拉应力的影响以及新老坝体结合面完整性等,因此坝肩稳定、新老坝体的结合面和坝体应力是重要指标。本文以闽东水电站拱坝工程加高为例,根据拱坝的工作特点,采用有限元程序ANSYS对其进行了不同工况的坝体应力计算,根据计算结果进行分析,并提出一些建议。     

土坝回填粘土渗透变形特性试验研究

土石坝的除险加固方案中常采用冲抓套井回填夯实粘土作为防渗体,即粘土心墙防渗体,该方法已在许多水库和相当长度的堤防工程建设中得到广泛的应用;然而其渗透稳定一直是工程设计和施工中的关键问题之一.本文结合某水库土石坝除险加固工程坝体渗透稳定问题,开展了坝体心墙粘土的物理特性、渗透特性、临界坡降的研究,为工程设计和施工提供了必要的分析成果和参考依据.     

陕西省小型土坝除险加固的问题及对策

广大小型水库及山塘土坝的除险加固问题是陕西省彻底消除病险水库安全隐患的重要途径。本文针对黄土地区小型土坝常见的渗漏及结构安全等病害问题,分析导致病险的原因及关键技术问题,特别指出抗震性能与坝顶交通是当前陕西省小型土坝安全评价的新问题。结合大中型土坝病险加固的经验与教训,提出黄土区小型土坝除险加固关键技术问题的对策及措施。     

大坝与坝基稳定性分析研究

大坝与坝基的稳定一直是工程师密切关注的一个安全问题. 论文提出2种分析重力坝和坝基稳定的方法: 一种是基于刚体极限平衡原理的直接分析方法, 它将坝体和岩基作为不变形的刚体, 利用该方法可直接计算出可能滑动面的安全因数; 另一种是基于弹塑性理论的间接分析方法, 它采用非线性有限元方法分析大坝和坝基的应力和变形. 根据收敛和突变准则来确定稳定安全度.结果表明:工程建筑物的破坏不仅仅是由于施加荷载的原因,同时也与组成材料的性质有关.     

黄河粗沙区沙棘柔性坝拦沙效应与数学模拟

针对沙棘植物“柔性坝”的拦粗淤细作用,结合黄河粗沙区沟道侵蚀及泥沙输移的规律,开展了这方面的机理研究及野外拦沙保水试验,推导了沙棘植物柔性坝前壅水计算迭代公式．分析结果表明,沙棘植物坝具有良好的拦沙阻水作用,起到了滞流和增大入渗的作用;“柔性坝”可显著调节沟道土壤水分,提高水源涵养能力,对发展沟头林业和沟坡农业生产打下良好基础,而且可实现水沙分治．     

挤压式混凝土边墙在涧峪水库堆石坝施工中的成功应用

随着施工技术的飞速发展,混凝土面板堆石坝已经成为现代水利枢纽工程的主要坝型之一。渭南市涧峪水库在堆石面板坝的施工中,采用了先进的挤压式混凝土边墙施工技术,提高了施工质量,为同类工程施工积累了宝贵的经验。     

基于AutoCAD的重力坝剖面计算机辅助设计

利用AutoCAD内置的二次开发工具Visual LisP开发的重力坝剖面参数化设计命令，实现了可视化的数据输入、数据的自动处理及剖面的自动绘制，可有效地提高重力坝剖面设计的效率。     

小型水库大坝除险加固方案优选

通过对小型水库大坝的渗流和稳定进行计算,得出坝体存在渗透破坏和下游坝坡不稳定隐患,需进行加固处理。根据大坝基础地质、坝体填筑材料以及施工质量等条件,选择3种大坝防渗加固方案并进行优选,同时对大坝坝体进行综合整治;经对加固后的坝体稳定进行校核,结果表明大坝除险加固后安全可靠。     

Real-Time Update of Sequence Placement Logic for High Arch Dams Based on Evidence Weight Discount

Sequence placement logic plays a significant role in construction simulation of high arch dams and directly affects the simulation process and results. To establish a sequence logic for dam block placement, the construction scheme, real-time construction process, and random factors of the site all need to be considered in detail. There are few studies available currently that take all these factors into consideration. To address this problem, a real-time update of sequence placement logic for high arch dams based on evidence weight discount is proposed in this study. First, the subjective weight of the dam block sequence priority criteria is built using a consistent matrix method based on the construction scheme. Second, using evidence theory, dynamic objective weight of the priority criteria and basic probability assignment is built. Finally, using a weight self-adaptive adjustment method and comprehensive evidence discounting, the placing probabilities of different dam blocks are obtained. A case study indicates that this method can realize real-time update of sequence placement logic.     

韭园沟小流域坝系特征曲线及其参数研究

采用非线性回归法,研究了陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区韭园沟小流域21座骨干坝特征曲线,并根据实测资料,对回归曲线的相关参数进行了律定,建立了韭园沟小流域淤地坝坝高与库容、淤地面积及坝体土方量之间的一般关系式：V=0．0461H。S=0．1236H1.5862 W=114．6lllH2.0989,为该区坝系优化建设和管理奠定了基础,具有一定理论价值和实践意义。