高职院校开展就业指导工作的几点思考

根据目前国内就业形势的需要及职业教育就业指导的现状,高职教育就业指导应做到：办学定位准确,合理制定符合实际的就业指导课程体系;形成全程就业指导体系,突破“短期培训”的模式;改变现有的指导方式,加强实践教育和案例分析;加强就业指导从业人员队伍的建设;充分利用网络提供就业信息,提高就业指导能力.     

Multicultural Career Counseling: Ten Essentials for Training

In the past 20 years, several changes have taken place within the field of counseling and psychology with regard to practice and research with individuals from racial/ethnic groups. At the same time, the United States population has experienced a dramatic shift in its composition. Both have contributed to transformations in graduate training. This article will highlight salient aspects from the multicultural literature regarding culturally competent practice and apply it to the training of vocational counselors.     

课堂游戏在职业生涯教育中的意义与应用

大学生职业发展与就业指导课程处于不受学生重视的困境,而课堂游戏是提高学生学习兴趣的有益尝试。它扬弃了灌输式教育方式,改变了教学的思维,提高了教学效果,具体应用方法有团体辅导法、角色扮演法、角色互换法、矛盾法、图画法、SWOT分析法等。     

Examining the Process and Outcome of Career Counseling for Different Types of Career Counseling Clients

Using cluster analysis, we identified two types of career counseling clients: (a) Clients with moderate levels of career-related distress, discomfort, and uncertainty and (b) clients with high levels of career concerns, personal distress, and stigma about career counseling. The more distressed group expressed lower evaluations of a career counseling session and perceived their counselors as providing fewer action-oriented counseling skills than the less distressed group. No differences emerged in terms of client's perceptions of the therapeutic relationship. The practical implications and limitations of these results are discussed.     

Innovations in Career Counseling

The work world is now full of uncertainty and change as a result of forces such as globalization, downsizing, advancing technology, and increased diversity in the work force. Further, people cannot count on maintaining a job with one company, or even one career, throughout their work lives. In order to meet clients' needs, career counselors must utilize approaches that are compatible with these realities. We review a set of approaches for career counseling that should be effective for clients now and into the future. Specifically, we argue for a holistic approach to career counseling, use of the Personal Career Theory as a client-centered approach to counseling sessions, incorporating creative interventions that draw upon chance events and flexible decision-making, and an emphasis on building interpersonal skills and relationships. We conclude with a summary of recommendations for career counseling practice.     

职业辅导思想的历史嬗变——从职业指导到生涯辅导

本通过阐述职业概念向职业生涯和生涯概念的转变、职业指导向生涯辅导概念的转变，比较全面地介绍了国外职业生涯辅导由职业指导向生涯辅导转变的历程，并对这种转变的内部和外部原因进行了比较深入的分析。     

Career Counseling in the Information Age

The emerging information age will make education/work relationships stronger and stronger. These relationships must be emphasized by school counselors. This document discusses how this can be done both for youth planning to attend a four-year college and for those planning some other kind of postsecondary career-oriented education. One possible solution is suggested.     

论大学生就业指导的全程化

要通过工作机制从短期行为向长效机制转变、工作主体从教师主体向学生主体转变、工作内容从低层次服务向高层次指导转变、工作方式从传统向现代转变,以充分实现高校就业指导工作的职能,有效地促进大学生就业。     

浅谈大学生职业生涯规划教育指导

当今大学生就业竞争日益激烈,而目前高校对大学生职业生涯规划教育指导严重缺失。本文对大学生在校职业生涯规划状况进行简要分析,并提出一些建设性意见。     

The Systems Theory Framework of Career Development and Counseling: Connecting Theory and Practice

The practice of career counseling has been derived from principles of career theory and counseling theory. In recent times, the fields of both career and counseling theory have undergone considerable change. This article details the move toward convergence in career theory, and the subsequent development of the Systems Theory Framework in this domain. The importance of this development to connecting theory and practice in the field of career counseling is discussed.     

Career Counseling Practitioners: Reflections on Theory, Research, and Practice

Career counseling practitioners of varied training levels were surveyed regarding the extent to which major career theories and research data inform their work with clients. In addition, this study was interested in career counselors views regarding (a) how career theorists, researchers, and practitioners can work together to address the needs of career clients, and (b) how theory and research findings can be more relevant to practice. Survey findings revealed that licensed counselors and psychologists as compared to non-counselor trained career practitioners agreed to a greater extent that their degree program had adequately prepared them to provide career counseling by emphasizing theory and attention to personal and career issues, and were more likely to regard professional development activities as important to their career counseling effectiveness. Finally, practitioners had numerous comments regarding the utility of career theory and interventions, and suggestions for bridging the gap between theory and practice.     

独立学院职业咨询工作现状与对策研究

职业咨询是教育工作者运用心理学等方法,协助当事人更好地解决在选择职业、安置就业和职业发展等方面所遇到问题的教育实践活动。通过对当前独立学院职业咨询工作现状的调研,发现独立学院职业咨询存在着学生需求量大,但学校重视不够;咨询人员专业化不够,咨询效果不理想;咨询内容单一,无法满足学生多元化需求等问题。要做好独立学院职业咨询工作,就要从转变思想,加强对职业咨询重要性的认识,建设专业化的职业咨询队伍,完善多元化的职业咨询内容体系等方面入手,努力提高独立学院职业咨询服务水平和质量。     

School Counselors' Perceptions of Career Counseling and Career Testing: Preferences, Priorities, and Predictors

Limited information on the actual and preferred career counseling and career testing activities of school counselors exists. An analysis of a statewide school counselors' survey revealed career counseling and testing preferences, priorities and predictors. Results revealed counselors preferred trait/factor approaches to career counseling, including Holland's RIASEC theory, Person-Environment-Correspondence theory and Cognitive Information Processing theory, respectively. With respect to career counseling and career testing priorities, means comparisons indicated that elementary, middle, and high school counselors' actual time performing career counseling duties is minimal; however, they desire to spend significantly more time on career counseling and testing. Multiple regressions revealed important predictor variables for actual and ideal time spent on career counseling and career testing. Limitations and recommendations for further research are discussed.     

全球化视野下生涯辅导的本土化问题

确立生涯辅导本土化的命题,源于主观的愿望与客观的需求。生涯辅导理论是建立在西方思想文化与发达自由经济基础之上,有其相适存的环境。在全球化背景下,强调生涯辅导的本土化是要立足本土化又超越本土化,是有一种本土化的研究思路,应当与自己民族的文化精神和人们的价值心理相吻合,要因地制宜地实践生涯辅导理论,形成具有本土特色的生涯辅导体系。     

基于“90后”大学生生涯自觉特点的生涯辅导对策研究

生涯自觉就是个体在人生发展道路上,内在自我发现、外在创新实践的一种主动认识、理性追求及自觉践行。"90后"大学生生涯自觉的主要特征表现为自我探索的主动性、价值观的多元化,外界探索的被动性、择业观的功利化,目标设定的短期性、行动环节的无序化,反馈修正的变通性、生涯辅导需求的专业化。针对"90后"大学生生涯自觉的特点,亟需加强生涯辅导队伍的专业化建设,提升服务的科学性;深入研究生涯辅导的对象,提升服务的针对性;不断完善生涯辅导的方式,提升服务的系统性。     

团体辅导在大学生职业生涯发展规划教育中的效果研究

根据自愿报名选取大一12名学生作为研究对象,实施3周共6次团体辅导,探讨在大学生职业生涯规划教育中团体辅导的方式及效果。用《团体单元回馈表》、《团体成员回馈表》和《大学生职业生涯发展问卷》对团体辅导进行评估。团体成员对辅导干预内容的有效性、团体的满意度等方面都给予肯定。干预后学生在就业信心、职业认知、自我认识、规划认知、总体评价方面有显著提高。这说明团体辅导对大学生职业生涯发展规划教育效果显著。     

团体心理辅导对提高女大学生职业决策自我效能的有效性研究

为探讨团体心理辅导对女大学生职业决策自我效能的影响,选取湖南女子大学56名大一女生为被试（实验组与对照组各28人）,对实验组进行为期8周的团体心理辅导,对照组则处于常态。用职业决策自我效能量表（CDMSE）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）在干预前后进行评估。结果为：干预前,两组CDMSE、SAS评分差异不显著。干预后,CDMSE评分上,实验组＂自我评价＂、＂选择目标＂、＂制订规划＂三个维度得分高于对照组;SAS评分上,实验组低于对照组。研究表明：职业生涯团体心理辅导可以有效地提高女大学生的职业决策自我效能水平,降低焦虑程度。     

大学生职业决策生态模型对高校职业辅导的启示

大学的就业指导和职业辅导工作开展不力的一个重要原因,就是缺乏有效的理论指导和明确的工作思路.由于东西方经济成熟水平和文化的差异,简单地套用西方的理论和方法既不能合理地解释和描述中国大学生的现实择业行为,也不能有效地实施职业指导.通过西方职业理论的适用条件及中国大学生职业决策的环境和个人心理特点,为高校职业辅导工作提出了一些建议.     

团体辅导对独立学院大学生职业决策自我效能感的干预研究

目的通过团体辅导来提高独立学院大学生的职业决策自我效能感。方法团体心理辅导。采用实验组、控制组前后测实验设计,实验组进行团体辅导干预,控制组不进行干预。结果团体辅导可以促进大学生对自我的了解,提高自信心,明确职业方向,提高职业决策能力。结论团体辅导可以作为大学生职业辅导的有效方法,对于独立学院的大学生而言,团体辅导是一种更明确、更具体、更有针对性的职业辅导方案。     

Calling and Career Counseling With College Students: Finding Meaning in Work and Life

College is often a period when students try to find purpose and meaning in their lives. As a result, counselors may need to help students understand their callings and how to meet these through school, work, and other life roles. This article introduces the concept of calling and reviews relevant research, offers suggestions for integrating it into career counseling with college students, and provides a case example.