The adoption of the sappho method in the Hungarian electronics industry

The article deals with the results achieved by the adoption of the SAPPHO method (developed by the Science Policy Research Unit of Sussex University) to the conditions of the Hungarian electronics industry. The results coincide to a great extent with those established in the course of the survey made in England, although there are some significant differences.     

ICTs and Internet adoption in China's tourism industry

The fast development of information communication technologies (ICTs) and the expansion of the Internet have changed industry structures around the world. New technologies have been adopted in the tourism industry in Europe and America for more than 30 years, and the trend is likely to continue into the future. China, as a fast-growing developing country in Asia, is gaining importance in the international tourism market for its historical and cultural attractiveness as a destination. It is also becoming a booming tourism source country as its population starts travelling overseas. This study examines how the ICT and Internet gradually change the tourism industry structure in China; how important such changes are, and to where such changes will lead China's tourism industry. This exploratory research is conducted based on information collected from several tourism organisations, such as airlines, hotels, tour operators, visitor attractions and the tourism authorities within China.     

纺织业可持续发展的影响因素分析

分别从自然、经济、科技、社会环境及政府、行业协会、企业管理能力等入手,分析它们对纺织业可持续发展的影响,指出自然资源是基础性因素,经济发展是动力性因素,技术创新与技术进步是主导性因素,社会环境是决定性因素。     

纺织业可持续发展能力评价指标体系研究

结合我国国情和纺织业自身发展实际,探究我国纺织业可持续发展能力评价指标体系构建的原则,从资源支持水平、经济发展水平、科技发展水平及与社会环境协调发展水平等四个方面构建纺织业可持续发展能力评价的指标体系。     

供应链管理模式下纺织服装产品采购库存模型研究

本文主要根据运筹学原理并依据纺织服装产品的不同，具体探讨了其采购模型及库存预测与优化模型的建立等相关问题。     

羊绒纺织业制造供应链绿色化评价研究

为实现羊绒产品全过程的绿色供应链管理,有必要对羊绒纺织业制造供应链的绿色化程度进行评价.通过对羊绒纺织业制造供应链各阶段对环境的影响及绿色化途径的分析,针对供应链不同阶段的特点开发了基于实现绿色化的手段和绿色化可能实现的环境绩效的羊绒纺织业制造供应链绿色化评价指标体系.根据指标的特点设计了基于三角白化权函数的灰色聚类评估模型的对羊绒纺织业制造供应链整体绿色化程度评价模型,同时基于系统协同度模型设计了评价羊绒纺织业制造供应链各阶段绿色化协同程度的评价方法.特定评价指标的开发与协同度评价的提出有助于提高供应链绿色化评价的准确性并可以为绿色供应链管理决策提供更丰富的信息支持.     

Knowledge diffusion, market segmentation and technological catch-up: The case of the telecommunication industry in China

This paper examines the growth of technological capability in the telecommunication industry in China. We apply a modified version of Lee and Lim's [Lee, K., Lim, C., 2001. The technological regimes, catch-up and leapfrogging: findings from the Korean industries. Research Policy, vol. 30.] model of technological learning and catching-up. Using the three cases of the Shanghai Bell, the CIT-led R&D consortium, and indigenous companies such as Huawei, we analyze how the catching-up in the telecommunication industry occurred. We find that the important factors in the catch-up are the strategy of “trading market for technology,” the knowledge diffusion from Shanghai Bell both to the R&D consortium and to Huawei, and industrial promotion by the government. As a condition for successful catch-up, the paper points out that the technological regime of the telephone switches is featured by a more predictable technological trajectory and a lower cumulativeness. These conditions and strategies helped the Chinese firms to achieve a stage-skipping catch-up, namely, by skipping the stage of analogue electronic switches to jump to digital electronic switches.     

The organic chemicals industry of the USSR: a case-study in the measurement of comparative technological sophistication by means of kilogram-prices

The comparative kilogram-price of an equivalent product group in international trade is a rough indication of underlying technological capability. Although there are many theoretical and practical difficulties involved in applying this approach to East-West trade, these difficulties can be minimised by a careful selection of product groups. In this connection, advanced chemical products are particularly suitable because the chemical industry is one in which both kilogram-prices and technological sophistication tend to increase hand-in-hand at successive stages of manufacture. The results of this enquiry are quite striking. From the standpoint of bilateral trade, the kilogram-prices of Soviet and East European exports to the EEC countries are consistently lower than those of corresponding imports from the EEC. Throughout the period 1960–1972 these differentials appears to be closing either very slowly or not at all, while the Soviet and East European share of the EEC marked has remained more or less constant or has declined since the mid-1960's. From the alternative perspective of the “neutral” Yugoslavian market, the kilogram-prices of EEC exports are again consistently higher than those obtained by the Comecon coun tries. Moreover, there has been a considerable eroson in the market share of the Comecon countries since the mid-1960's. These general findings are broadly in line with other kinds of estimates and suggest that in these relatively advanced and dynamic sectors of industry, Soviet and East European technology is at present substantially inferior to that of the Common Market countries.     

The diffusion of ADSL and costs of switching Internet providers in the broadband industry: Evidence from the French case

The innovative broadband Internet industry is characterised by inertia phenomena in terms of technology choice, as well as selection of Internet service providers (ISPs). Within the set of firms providing the Internet, very often in Europe the incumbent operator has the lion's share of end-customers and supplies the dominant technology. Focusing on the French case, this paper shows that although inertia on the supply side (partly due to the regulation process itself), helps to explain the technology mix reached to date, a more complete picture of the inertia can be obtained when we consider the existence of costs faced by customers when switching between ISPs. We calculate these so-called “switching costs”. The closing section of this paper derives several implications in terms of policy.     

东莞大朗毛织产业集群的知识基础、创新网络与交互式学习研究

探讨了产业集群中企业开展技术创新所依赖的知识基础的分布性和知识基础的两种类型,并在此基础上提出了产业集群创新网络的两种表现形式和特征,进而研究了基于全面型创新网络的交互式学习的组成,最后以东莞大朗的毛织产业集群为例,分析其知识基础的组成和创新网络中的企业基于不同知识基础的交互式学习。     

Market-level information and the diffusion of competing technologies: An exploratory analysis of the LAN industry

Market-level information diffused by print media may contribute to the legitimation of an emerging technology and thus influence the diffusion of competing technological standards. After analyzing more than 10,000 trade media abstracts from the Local Area Networks (LAN) industry published between 1981 and 2000, we found the presence of differential effects on the adoption of competing standards by two market-level information types: technology and product availability. The significance of these effects depends on the technology's order of entry and suggests that high-tech product managers should make strategic use of market-level information by appropriately focusing the content of their communications.     

博物馆馆藏纺织品的保护

通过介绍纺织品的质变机理和保存环境对纺织品的影响,浅谈馆藏纺织品文物的保管与保护。     

An integrated framework for RFID adoption and diffusion with a stage-scale-scope cubicle model: A case of Indonesia

This study presents a comprehensive framework to identify dynamic radio frequency identification (RFID) adoption and diffusion from three different perspectives: stages of adoption, levels of analysis, and domain of issues. The main concern of this study is stages of adoption, which covers three phases in respect of the maturity of the RFID project and the sophistication of business applications and RFID technology. The level of analysis involves different units of analysis beyond the organization level, including the industry- and country-level, which is lacking in the current literature. To understand dimensions of RFID issues, a strategy, technology, organization, people and environment (STOPE) based approach was applied. An extensive review of prior literature was conducted to find various RFID success factors and the Delphi method was applied to find positions of these factors within the framework. Based on the Delphi, some factors belong to early stage of adoption, and some others persist in the later stages of adoption. At the country level, factors such as RFID national policy, R&D policy and income per capita were accepted by most experts at the preliminary and intermediate stage; strategy and environment were accepted as important domains. To find practical implications of the framework, a case study of Indonesia was conducted at each level of analysis. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to identify most important factors and important domains of issues with respect to the factors from the Delphi results. At country level, RFID policy, vision of leadership and RFID potential market are the most important factors; strategy and environment are the most important domains.     

Analysing high technology adoption and impact within public supported high tech programs: An empirical case

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the body of knowledge in relation to the diffusion and adoption process of high technology. It intends to analyse those mechanisms that influence advanced technology transference and marketing, and those features that improve the impact of public programs supporting the adoption of high technology. The paper proposes a contingent construct that explains how advanced technology is transferred, diffused and adopted by users in a firm. In relation to the impact of technology transference this paper follows a novel approach: value mapping methodology adapted to the case of advanced technology. The article provides empirical evidence on the variables which contribute to the technology transference and commercialization process, and especially in the case of SMES. Key variables such as technology complexity, relationships between researchers, developers and final users, as well as market barriers appear to be critical for the transference process. Moreover, technology absorption by incumbent firms becomes a necessary requirement for its subsequent transfer.The paper has utilised the available experience from the GAME initiative, part of the European Commission IV Research Framework Programme, related to the promotion of microelectronics among Spanish firms. Using a representative sample and employing multivariable analysis methods, a model was developed in order to understand technology diffusion, absorption and transference knowledge flows. In addition, the model is useful for evaluating technology dissemination using the diffusion model to measure its social impact. The paper found that social impact can be explained by the creation of employment.     

采用Norton模型对产品更新换代扩散趋势的研究——以中国互联网用户上网方式的更新换代为例

本文在Bass模型的基础上,详细介绍了产品更新换代扩散的Norton模型,并例举了通信产业的产品更新换代扩散的实例,中国互联网上网方式的更新换代的发展。模型参数的估算是影响模型准确性的一个重要方面,论文总结了前人的成果,采用遗传算法作为Norton模型的参数估计方法,并对中国互联网的上网方式,如拨号上网、ISDN(综合业务数字网)上网、宽带上网的扩散进行实证研究,模型得出另人满意的结果,并将结果与Bass模型进行了比较和讨论,得出结论,采用Norton模型研究产品更新换代扩散是一种更好的选择。最后,论文对中国移动通信网络发展提出展望。     

Sales information systems in the UK financial services industry: an analysis of sophistication of use and perceived barriers to adoption

This paper evaluates the use of sales information systems (SIS) in the UK financial services sector. The study is based on a quantitative survey of a sample of sales and marketing managers in banks, building societies and insurance companies. Seventy-two usable responses were received and our analysis reveals that the systems that have been adopted are being used to provide information for little more than mailing lists. Further, the aspirations for our respondents for further data capture and analysis are low—such that their overarching goals of improving customer retention, customer relationships, and customer acquisition are unlikely to be achieved. This mismatch between our respondent's data capture and their strategic goals is associated with the further finding that our respondents place more importance on technical barriers to implementing SIS—such as fragmented market and sales information, high cost of development and poor data quality—as compared to the lowered importance placed on organizational barriers. Importantly, the latter barriers have been recognized in the literature as the true barriers to achieving the strategic potential of marketing information. We argue that the future promise of sophisticated use of the capabilities of current SIS is thus likely to be compromised, due to the lack of awareness, amongst our respondents, of the criticality of organizational and strategic barriers.     

员工培训的市场化和社会化发展

在组织自身实施员工培训面临诸多困境而中国庞大的培训需求正在形成的背景中,应当推进员工培训的市场化发展。文章从组织对市场化员工培训的选择、员工个人的培训市场化需求和政府对市场化员工培训的推进三个方面,重点讨论了员工培训市场化需求的形成机理。     

化学品环境管理立法建议

化学品广泛用于国民经济各行业以及人民群众日常生活,影响到社会的各个方面。但我国在化学品管理方面法律法规不健全,环境管理有时无法可依。本文为更好地完善我国化学品的管理法规,提出了一些立法建议。