GDPR时代数据保护的欧美标准与中国策略

欧盟《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）实施后,各国数据保护制度逐步围绕“欧盟标准”“美国标准”展开研讨并形成集聚效应。关于“欧盟标准”“美国标准”的既有研究,多立足“合规需要”“现实影响”“比较视角”,较少采用理论框架系统评价两种数据保护制度的得失。本研究批判性地引入“制度化”四指标（“适应性”“复杂性”“自主性”“凝聚力”）,评价以GDPR为代表的“欧盟标准”、以CCPA为代表的“美国标准”的制度化得失。同时,为构建“中国标准”提出创新策略：（1）增强“适应性”与“复杂性”,“中国标准”可介于“欧盟标准”和“美国标准”之间,融通“规制—权利”和“自律—责任”治理范式;（2）增强“自主性”与“凝聚力”,权威执法机关、数据跨境流动、分类分级制度将是制度建设的核心。     

模式匹配技术在多序列比对中的应用

多序列比对一直是生物信息学中尚未解决的一个NP难题。在星比对算法和AhoCorasick算法的基础上,深入分析基于关键字树的DNA多序列比对算法,提出了一种新的多序列比对算法——基于模式匹配的DNA多序列比对算法。实验结果表明该算法是有效的。     

“中文新闻信息分类标准”专家咨询调研会

10月23——24日，“中文新闻信息分类标准”课题组在北京召开”中文新闻信息分类标准”专家咨询研讨会，邀请了来自国家标准化管理委员会审查部、国家信息中心(中国经济信息网)、武汉大学信息管理系、北京市信息资源管理中心、北大方正等信息管理、标准研究方面的专家，征求他们对“新闻信息分类标准”研制的意见和建议，分类标准课题组成员与专家们进行了充分交流。     

我国乡村文化治理标准体系及推进方略

[目的 /意义]构建乡村文化治理国家标准—地方标准的二维层级体系,指引以标准化增强城乡文化均衡可及建设的治理实践。[方法 /过程]以《农村文化活动中心建设与服务规范》为核心的乡村文化治理国家推荐标准,在内容框架上围绕农村文化管理与服务的原则要求、基本内容、管理运维、评价改进提供规范指向,为均衡可及发展政策锚点下的多元实践样态探索提供支持。不同省市形成的“美丽乡村”“数字乡村”“未来乡村”“非遗乡村”文化治理地方标准体系,进一步规范乡村文化管理与服务的多元实践模式发展。[结果 /结论 ]我国乡村文化治理形成以国家标准为经、地方标准为纬的标准体系框架。现有标准体系尚缺乏乡村文化服务的区域差异指标、缺失乡村文化参与的多元共治规范和缺少乡村文化场景的具体实施细则等,公共部门应从全域治理标准体系、专项治理标准内容、数字治理标准进路和场景治理标准向度等方面予以完善。     

CN号与ISSN中的连接号是“-”还是“—”?

答 应是半字线“-”.然而在实践中,不少期刊使用了“—”,将CN号和ISSN分别印刷为CN××—××××/YY和ISSN××××—××××;某些近几年出版的指导期刊编校标准化的书和文章,也在说应采用“—”.为什么会这样呢?根源在于这些书刊所依据的国家标准是GB/T 9999-1988《中国标准刊号》,该标准对CN号、ISSN分别有“其间以连字符‘—’相接”“中间以一连字符‘—’相接”的条款.2001年该标准被GB/T 9999-2001《中国标准连续出版物号》代替.     

基于“儿童优先”原则的公共图书馆未成年人服务评估标准研究

“儿童优先”是指导公共图书馆工作的一项基本原则。鉴于历次全国公共图书馆评估定级有独立建制的少年儿童图书馆专门标准,而公共图书馆评估标准(成人馆标准)中未成年人部分未受重视且缺乏专门研究,本文在“儿童优先”相关研究基础上,以《中国儿童发展纲要(2011—2020)》和《中国儿童发展纲要(2021—2030)》所提出的健康、安全、教育、福利、家庭、环境与法律保护诸方面目标为依据,调查国内公共图书馆未成年人服务实践现状,结合图书馆评估标准的特点,提出基于“儿童优先”原则的指标体系框架,引导儿童服务创新,推进儿童智慧服务,促进公共图书馆未成年人服务的全面发展。     

人物数据库人物收录标准研究

在制定人物数据库的收录标准时，人物特征的多重属性与流动性、发展变化性、数据库建库目的与服务对象及人物信息来源等都是需要考虑的因素。其中“名人”的收录标准需制定舆体量化指标：“地方人物”则应以“籍贯”和“活动地点”为主要选择依据。     

天津市科学技术档案目录组织规则

本标准与DB12／T042—1993《天津市科学技术档案目录组织规则》版本相比主要变化如下： ——将原标准第5章“科技档案目录的种类”修改为“科技档案目录体系”。     

对中国标准书号中“分类号”的探讨

一、中国标准书号的基本组成要了解中国标准书号的组成,需先知道国际标准书号。国际标准书号是国际标准化组织推荐给各成员国采用的国际间正式图书的统一编号,简称“ISBN”。这个国际标准书号是10位数字组成的,共分四组数字:第一组数字代表语言或国别或地理区域,即语区号,第二组数字代表出版者代号,第三组数字代表图书书次号,第四组数字代表核对号。每组数字之间用空格或短横线隔开,例如:ISBNO——19——5800003—6,这是牛津大学出版社出版的英文书《现代高级英汉双解辞典》的国际标准书号,前面的三组数中,每组数的多少是可变的,但三组数字相加必须是9位数。第四组数字只能是一位数,如果是10,用“x”表示。中国标准书号由国际标准书号和图书分类号及种次     

用户参与的“一带一路”经济管理专题数据库资源采选标准体系构建

数据库资源采选标准是保证专题数据库资源质量,满足用户需求,实现资源共享的前提。在调研现行数字资源采选标准的基础上,以开放协调、需求导向、用户参与为建立原则,构建了“一带一路”经济管理专题数据库资源采选标准体系,使用专家访谈法对本标准体系进行修正和补充,采用问卷调查法分别开展用户和专家权重调查,计算指标权重。最终得到包含5个一级维度、16个二级指标、19个三级指标的资源采选标准体系,其中一级维度包括资源契合、资源质量、资源成本、资源管理和资源风险。该资源采选标准为“一带一路”经济管理专题数据库建设提供资源选择与评价的依据和指南,有利于提升资源采选工作的质量和效率。     

Politicking for the Public Library

ABSTRACT

In today's current political environment raising support for millage renewals, bond campaigns or even millage continuations for public libraries is affected by national politics, and a tendency towards tax aversion on principle across the country. The lessons we can learn from the governing boards of small and rural public libraries are worth raising up to a greater national consciousness. Board governance, community consciousness, and facilities management are clear and logical tools that elected boards of public libraries can use to politick for support of libraries.     

British Writings on Romania: From Travel Accounts to Studies

This article surveys a sample of sources of the information about Romania available to British readers in nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals. It traces first contacts between the Romanian lands and Britain after the union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, then after their independence from the Ottoman Empire. The article highlights an increased Romanian interest in British periodicals, which reported and reviewed Romanian literature and scholarship. The article concludes that nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals offer a great variety and wealth of new material previously unavailable or unknown to researchers. It also states that only a portion of a large quantity of this material has been indexed and is therefore available via the bibliographic sources mentioned in the article. The author argues for the need of a new and updated British-Romanian bibliography, which can draw on new online resources offering access to thousands of new newspapers and periodical records.     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

Slavic Approval Plans: What Works and What Doesn't

ABSTRACT

The paper looks at library approval plans for material published in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian countries from the selector's point of view. Reasons why a selector would or would not want one are examined. Success with approval plans requires monitoring receipts, as well as good and ongoing communication among the selector, the acquistions department, and the vendor. A preliminary list of vendors offering approval plans for the countries of the region appears in the appendix.     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变——对武汉科技信息服务平台建设的思考

为进一步提升武汉科技信息共享服务平台使用效率,本文从平台资源建设、资源应用、供需对接方式和供需特点等方面分析了武汉科技信息资源服务现状;基于需求和利用的角度,结合平台管理实践和走访用户、问卷调查等研究方法,从信息资源需求主体和平台自身建设管理两个维度,找出制约科技资源供需对接的主要因素;以市场化和制度化为创新理念,从政策创新、机制创新、市场化服务、环境营造、人才培养等方面提出平台建设由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变的对策建议.     

Selling Women on PDAs from “Simply Palm” to “Audrey”: How Moore's Law Met Parkinson's Law in the Kitchen

This essay investigates key moments in the history of personal digital assistant (PDA) marketing to women. Analyzing promotional texts for three PDAs that received considerable press coverage from 1999 to 2001, this essay explores the cultural significance of the convergence of anxieties about women's place in the gendered division of labor with the computer industry's changing marketing imperatives. Drawing on an array of promotional texts, including news articles, press releases, promotional Web sites, and ads appearing in newspapers and magazines, this paper tells the story of how the computer industry aimed to sell smaller, faster computing devices to women while promising to mediate and thus reproduce women's overwork as paid and familial laborers. After experimenting with the PDA as a sexy fashionable gadget for working women, marketers approached women as mothers with “Audrey,” an Internet appliance designed for the kitchen.     

Communicating With Bank Stakeholders During Recession: Why It's Important,Who Is Doing It,and How to Stay in the Loop

This study explores the attitudes and actions of bank managers toward communication spending during recession. Results of this study indicate that organizational leaders cut communication spending early during recession and also erroneously rely on the bank's financials to mitigate irrational customer withdrawals. This research is used to illustrate the need for public librarians to meet the needs of bank stakeholders when their institution ceases to communicate during crises, for academic librarians to educate students in undergraduate and graduate programs regarding heightened information needs during recession, and for corporate librarians to understand a potential avenue for competitive advantage during recession.