Mental health prevention in UK classrooms: the FRIENDS anxiety prevention programme

Childhood anxiety is a common condition which, if untreated, can cause considerable distress and impairment and increase the likelihood of mental health problems in adulthood. Developing good emotional health in children is therefore an important objective which has been emphasised in recent governmental initiatives and policies. In particular, schools have been identified as having an important role in promoting positive mental health in children. This paper summarises the different approaches, outcomes and shortfalls of school-based anxiety prevention programmes. One particularly encouraging programme based upon cognitive behaviour therapy, the FRIENDS for Life programme, is described. Outcomes from UK-based studies evaluating FRIENDS are summarised and the way the programme can be integrated within schools to complement other initiatives discussed. Finally, limitations of the current research are discussed and issues about the practical implementation of FRIENDS in schools highlighted.     

狂犬病及其预防

狂犬病是由狂犬病毒侵犯中枢神经系统引起的人畜共患的急性传染病,又称恐水病,多见于犬、猫、狼等肉食动物,人多因被病兽咬伤而感染,亦可由染毒唾液污染各种伤口粘膜甚至结膜而引起感染.人对狂犬病毒普遍易感,被病犬咬伤而未预防接种者,其发病率平均为15～20%(可高达70%);国内报告全程疫苗注射后的发病率为0.15%,未注完全程者为13.93%.本病重点在于预防,一旦发病,病死率几乎100%.     

学术腐败防治问题研究

在社会转型时期,消极腐败现象不仅在政治与经济领域内滋生蔓延,还侵蚀学术研究,在学术界生根发芽。近些年来,经网络等媒体曝光的学术腐败现象层出不穷。对于形形色色的学术腐败现象,不仅社会民众奋力谴责,官方与学术界也积极努力予以打击和遏制,学术腐败成为千夫所指的对象。然而,学术腐败现象还是时有发生,在有些方面还比较严重,几乎有愈演愈烈之势。在这一背景下,研究如何防治学术腐败问题具有十分重要的意义。     

铅对人类的危害及防治

铅对人体中枢和周围神经系统、血液及造血系统和肾脏等都有严重危害，防治铅污染应从治理工业生产尾气、使用无铅汽油、不使用含铅农药、多食绿色食品、绿化环境等方面着手。     

浅谈篮球运动的损伤与预防

随着全民体育健身计划的全面推行,体育教育改革的深入发展．篮球运动作为一项重要而且普及的运动项目受到越来越多人的喜爱,同时运动损伤的发生又是不可避免的．因此,如何科学、合理、系统地进行篮球教学、训练、运动,最大限度地避免或减少运动损伤的发生,是我们体育教师、教练员以及广大篮球爱好者应该引起重视、预防和解决的一个重要课题．     

防范审计风险之我见

近几年来,因国内外因审计而引起的诉讼案件逐年递增,审计风险已成为人们关注的焦点。文章剖析了审计风险产生的原因,提出了防范审计风险的若干措施。     

浅谈计算机网络安全与防范

随着信息化进程的深入和网络的迅速发展,人们的工作、学习和生活方式正在发生巨大变化,效率大为提高,信息资源得到最大程度的共享。但必须看到,紧随而来的网络安全问题日渐凸出,由于计算机网络的特性,产生了许多安全问题:信息泄漏、信息污染、信息不易受控等。本文就此提出了简单的解决方案。     

计算机病毒及防治

本文对计算机病毒的定义、特征、类型以及防治方面进行简单的分析和探讨。     

居室环境的污染与防治

随着家装市场的日益繁荣和装修技术的不断提高,家庭装修的质量和档次有了较大的提高。但随之而来的室内空气污染却给人们的生活带来了许多麻烦。本文分析了居室环境污染产生的原因及造成的危害,并提出了防治居室环境污染的措施。     

试论网络犯罪及其防治

如今互联网已经成为了日常生活和商业活动中的一个必要工具,但它也为犯罪分子提供了便利。互联网的隐蔽性可以使各种非法活动悄无声息的发生。企业对互联网和局域网的依赖性经常会使其遭受巨大的,甚至是灾难性的损失。本文通过介绍网络犯罪,同时也将描述为何企业和法律部门遏制网络犯罪会如此困难。     

网络赌博的防治对策分析

随着网络的不断发展,网络赌博呈现出不断蔓延之势,对于网络赌博的防治成为网络赌博犯罪的重点研究范畴。本文在概述网络赌博的概况后,从宏观对策和具体对策两个方面探究网络赌博的防治对策。其中宏观对策提出了提高犯罪成本与扩大责任义务主体两个途径对网络赌博进行防治;具体对策中从网络赌博的组织者、参与者、赌资、赌博平台四个角度探析了防治对策。     

预防犯罪的另一种思路--被害预防

预防犯罪需要采用多种措施,运用各种手段。从犯罪意识的产生、犯意的强化、到犯罪行为的着手实施的各个阶段进行预防,能够有效地减少犯罪;同样,采取一定的措施,从防止被害的角度着手,加强防范而使有犯罪倾向的人无机可乘、犯罪行为无法实施,也能达到减少犯罪的目的。经过深入研究可以发现,防止被害不但有必要,而且切实可行。因此,被害预防应该成为预防犯罪的另一种途径。     

Suicide prevention: Guidelines for schools

Adolescent suicide is escalating, especially among White male teenagers who use drugs and/or alcohol, are depressed or cognitively rigid, have maladaptive families, have experienced recent loss, misunderstand death, and know a suicide victim. Teachers can foster suicide resistance by developing teens' cognitive deterrents and encouraging adaptive coping strategies. Recommended assessment tools for potentially suicidal children and teens include the Reasons for Living Inventory and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire. For teachers, intervention strategies include listening empathically, asking directly about potential suicide, and breaking confidentiality in cases of an actively suicidal child or teenager. Administratively, helpful strategies are hot lines, suicide prevention training modules, and publicity of popular students' adaptive responses to stress such as drug rehabilitation or therapy. After suicide, administrators should work to diminish survivor guilt, minimize scapegoating, and prevent contagion.     

An information system for dropout prevention

Reducing student dropout from school is one of the most important challenges faced by the education system. This study examines the effectiveness of a Local Authority Information Center (LAIC) that was developed in Israel to help prevent this phenomenon. The research population embraced 418 regular attendance officers (RAOs), educators dealing with students dropping out and with those who at risk of dropping out. The RAOs were divided into an experimental group, that executed its work using the LAIC, and a control group that accomplished its work manually. The research findings show that the use of an LAIC system reduced the dropout rate and raised the number of students studying to the school’s satisfaction. This improvement even intensified 3 years later when the size of the experimental group was increased. The RAOs in the experimental group employ most of the LAIC’s facilities and they present positive attitudes towards the LAIC’s contribution to their work. The LAIC system seems to have a real and direct impact on reducing dropping out.