初中生的父母教养方式、社会支持和心理健康的关系

通过对549名初中生的父母教养方式、社会支持和心理健康状况相互关系的问卷调查发现,父母教养方式与初中生的社会支持、心理健康状况有密切联系,父母教养方式积极（高情感接纳）的被试,对社会支持的感受积极,其心理健康状况也相对较好.通过初中生感受到的重要他人的社会支持可以预测其心理健康状况,这其中既有初中生的同伴、教师的作用,也包括父母的作用.初中生的家庭内环境特点与其家庭外社会关系状况有内在联系,两者不是相互独立的.     

福利多元主义视角下日本育儿支持体系的重构及其启示

20世纪70年代以来,为应对少子化压力,日本基于福利多元主义的视角,对其传统的以国家提供为主、体现"家庭主义"特点的育儿支持体系进行了重大改革,逐步转为在政府引导下,由社区、市场、民间组织等多部门共同协作为家庭提供育儿支持,这有效地缓解了家庭育儿压力。当前我国家庭在育儿方面缺乏政府与社会的各方支持。借鉴日本的改革经验,我国应加强顶层设计,健全相关法律体系和机构部门;发挥市场作用,发展多样化托育服务,满足不同家庭的需求;推动社区及社会组织参与育儿服务,创建有利于育儿家庭的社会支持环境;重视家庭的不可替代作用,实现社会多元支持下的"再家庭化"。     

单亲贫困大学生心理健康问题调查分析——以安徽省不同区域5所大学为例

单亲贫困大学生这一特殊群体,由于受社会、家庭和经济等因素的影响,成为心理健康问题的高发人群.本文采用《不安诊断测验量表》和《临床症状自评量表》对安徽省不同区域5所大学1000名大学生心理现状进行了调查,结果表明:单亲贫困大学生在缺乏自我控制力、妄想与疑心倾向、人际关系敏感、抑郁和焦虑心理、睡眠及饮食状况不良等五个方面的心理健康问题表现比较显著,明显高于普通大学生.据此,本研究提出了构建以学校为中心的心理健康教育平台、建立单亲贫困大学生心理健康档案、利用现代网络实施心理健康咨询与辅导、引导单亲贫困大学生踊跃参加社会交往活动等心理健康教育措施.     

论突发公共事件的心理学处置策略

突发公共事件并非都是突然而发生的,绝大多数都有一个演变、发酵而最终爆发的过程。政府部门和新闻媒体必须彻底转变观念,深入了解和掌握公众心理危机的一些规律和特点,认真剖析事件危机根源,积极尝试心理学的处置策略,有针对性地对公众进行心理危机干预,引导公众进行情绪宣泄,才能获取公众的信任和依赖,才能成功化解各种矛盾和危机。     

学前残疾儿童家长亲职压力干预研究

通过为期两个月共八次的小组辅导活动对12名学前残疾儿童母亲进行干预,以考察小组干预对降低学前残疾儿童母亲亲职压力水平的有效性和适用性。结果表明:(1)实验组和对照组小组干预后亲职压力反应水平存在显著差异,实验组亲职压力反应总分及情绪症状、行为症状和精神症状得分显著低于对照组;小组干预效果稳定;(2)小组干预对学前残疾儿童母亲的身体症状和心智症状影响不显著。     

经桡动脉行冠状动脉介入治疗的循证护理

冠心病是严重危害人类健康的主要疾病,经皮冠状动脉介入法已经在国内广泛应用于临床治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化,成为目前治疗冠心病的主要方法之一。经桡动脉介入治疗应运而生,因其损伤小、局部并发症少,手术前后对抗凝、抗血小板药物限制小,术后立即拔管,患者即可随意下地活动而越来越受到患者和介入医生的欢迎。虽然大多数文献报道经桡动脉介入治疗的并发症明显低于经股动脉介入治疗。但由于桡动脉途径自身的生理特点及局限性,并发症也并不少见,如处理不当,有时会导致严重的后果,因此,在经桡动脉行冠状动脉介入手术时应注意观察及护理。     

美国循证实践在自闭症谱系障碍儿童干预中的应用及其对我国的启示

国际趋势表明自闭症谱系障碍儿童干预方法的有效性需循证实践来检验。美国自闭症干预方法的循证实践过程经历了研究文献筛选、建立证据强度分类系统、干预次级分类系统三个阶段,循证实践结果将当前的自闭症干预方法划分为已经证实有效的方法、正在形成有效的方法、尚未证实的方法。我国自闭症教育研究者及临床工作者应遵循循证实践,科学选择干预方法。     

论突发公共事件的心理学处置策略

突发公共事件并非都是突然而发生的,绝大多数都有一个演变、发酵而最终爆发的过程。政府部门和新闻媒体必须彻底转变观念,深入了解和掌握公众心理危机的一些规律和特点,认真剖析事件危机根源,积极尝试心理学的处置策略,有针对性地对公众进行心理危机干预,引导公众进行情绪宣泄,才能获取公众的信任和依赖,才能成功化解各种矛盾和危机。     

谈企业营销中的公共关系

公共关系是现代企业经营中不可或缺的管理科学,许多企业在成功运用公共关系的实践中,都取得了明显的经济效益.面对今天市场经济全球化、市场竞争白热化的局面,公共关系作为企业营销中的重要手段,再次印证着它对企业生存发展的重要性.本文分别论述企业营销、公共关系、公关战略之间的关系,并且论述了营销中的多种公关手段.     

轻度智力落后学生心理健康水平与父母教养方式的关系

本研究探讨了轻度智力落后学生的心理健康水平与父母教养方式之间的关系 ,结果发现父母教养方式对轻度智力落后学生的心理健康有着显著的影响。在不同的教育安置形式下 ,父母教养方式对轻度智力落后学生的心理健康的影响是不同的。相比较而言 ,母亲教养方式的影响要大于父亲教养方式。     

Going Beyond the Call of Doula: A Grounded Theory Analysis of the Diverse Roles Community-Based Doulas Play in the Lives of Pregnant and Parenting Adolescent Mothers

This article presents some of the most salient qualitative results from a larger program evaluation of pregnant and parenting adolescents who participated in a community-based doula program. Using grounded theory analysis, seven problem-solving strategies emerged that doulas apply in helping pregnant and parenting adolescents navigate multiple social and health settings that often serve as barriers to positive maternal- and child-health outcomes. The ethnographic findings of this study suggest that the doulas provide valuable assistance to pregnant and parenting adolescents by addressing social-psychological issues and socio-economic disparities. Diverse role-taking results in doulas helping pregnant adolescents navigate more successfully through fragmented social and health service systems that are less supportive of low-income adolescents, who are often perceived to be draining scarce resources. The findings have implications for the roles of community-based doulas assigned to low-income adolescents of color seeking to overcome obstacles and attain better educational and economic opportunities.     

Relationship-based Intervention with Young Children with Autism in Saudi Arabia: Impediments and Consequences of Parenting Stress and Depression

ABSTRACT

This investigation examined the consequences and effects of the severity of mothers psychosocial functioning as assessed by measures parenting stress and depression in a randomised control trial of a Relationship-based Intervention (RBI) called Responsive Teaching (RT). The sample included 28 parents and preschool aged children with Autism from Saudi Arabia. RT subjects received weekly parent–child intervention sessions for 4 months. Dependent variables were mothers’ style of interaction as assessed by the PICCOLO at post intervention as well as pre- and post-measures of parenting stress and depression. There were three findings from this study. First, mothers who participated in this study had extremely high levels of psychosocial dysfunction. Nearly all reported clinical levels of parenting stress and more than 40% reported clinical levels of depressive symptoms. Second, high levels of psychosocial dysfunction did not prevent mothers from participating in RT as indicated by their ability to integrate RT strategies into their interactions with their children. Third, RT was associated with substantial improvements in mother’s parenting stress and depression. Implication for early intervention practice are discussed.     

Changing cognitions in parents of two‐year‐olds attending Scottish Sure Start centres

The study examined how preschool intervention programmes set up by three Scottish local authorities changed parents’ cognitions. Quantitative parent outcomes were measured using Parenting Daily Hassles Scales (N = 88). A matched comparison group of parents (N = 55) recruited from the same areas of disadvantage but whose children did not attend the intervention programmes also completed questionnaires. Qualitative outcomes were evaluated using semi‐structured interviews (N = 30). A significant group × time interaction effect was found for daily hassle cognitions, Parenting Task–Intensity, Challenging Behaviour–Frequency and Challenging Behaviour–Intensity, with comparison group parents showing an increase in their experience of hassles during the ‘terrible twos’ compared with intervention group parents. Complementary qualitative data indicated that intervention group parents had gained valuable new insights into their children’s behaviour, changing how they thought about their role as parents and their behavioural and developmental expectations of their children. Implications for parental engagement in preschool programmes are discussed.     

大学生自杀的预防和干预研究

针对我国目前大学生自杀现象不断增加的现状,参照自杀动力理论、自杀行为的发展过程、自杀人群的特征以及一些共同的线索和暗示提出一套有效的预防和干预措施,对于促进大学生健康人格的培养,最大限度地降低该人群自杀率是十分必要的。     

“公共卫生安全教育”校本课程开发的结构与策略

我国史无前例的抗击“新冠肺炎”的全民战“疫”,正在书写中国公共卫生安全的历史。这一过程中所体现出来的中华民族独有的生命观念、家国情怀、公民责任、使命担当,将成为国家永远的集体记忆,具有无可取代的教育意义和价值。笔者从课程的视角分析了公共卫生安全教育进入学校的重要意义,提出公共卫生安全教育进入学校可以从短期的微型主题课程、中期的系列校本课程和长远考虑融入国家课程目标的课程构想,从组建学校课程开发共同体、使用课程开发的相关技术和以获得经验为主的课堂教学三个方面来保障公共卫生安全校本课程的开发和实施。     

儿童创伤后应激障碍的症状表现与干预策略

创伤后应激障碍对儿童的身心发展影响深远。本文介绍了创伤后应激障碍在儿童中的发生率、症状表现、干预策略。在此基础上,提出了今后研究的方向。     

重大公共卫生事件中医护人员的远程心理干预

重大公共事件期间和之后医护人员可能出现心理问题,他们需要心理干预。通过梳理远程心理干预的发展脉络与效果评估,本文指出远程心理干预是有实证支持、可供医护人员使用、方便可行的干预手段。本文总结了重大公共卫生事件中医护人员远程心理干预的重要议题,包括开通干预渠道的必要性、干预主题的特殊性、干预的阶段性和干预的常用方法,并探讨了未来的研究方向。     

Adaptation Guidance for Evidence-Based Teen Pregnancy and STI/HIV Prevention Curricula: From Development to Practice

Evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are effective in preventing adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections; however, prevention practitioners are challenged when selecting and adapting the most appropriate programs. While there are existing adaptation frameworks, there is little practical guidance in applying research in the field. To address this need, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of Reproductive Health initiated the Adaptation Guidance Project. The project included the development of a comprehensive adaptation guidance framework and adaptation kits for select evidence-based teen pregnancy and HIV prevention programs. In addition, three innovative concepts emerged that have application to other adaptation program and evaluation efforts, including moving research into practice. First, the authors defined the core components of an EBI in three distinct ways: core content, core pedagogy, and core implementation. Second, they piloted a practitioner-friendly adaptation guidance-messaging schema—Green, Yellow, and Red Light Adaptations, and last they included fidelity/adaptation monitoring logs. This article will describe the process used to develop the adaptation guidance kits, including the main features and tools.